Mirayiridzo yekuisa vharafu yekuchengetedza uye ongororo yekuongorora Kuchengetedza vharafu yakakosha kumanikidza reshiyo kudzidza - Lecco mavharuvhu

Mirayiridzo yekuisa vharafu yekuchengetedza uye ongororo yekuongorora Kuchengetedza vharafu yakakosha kumanikidza reshiyo kudzidza - Lecco mavharuvhu

Mirayiridzo yekuisa vharafu yekuchengetedza
Mukugadzirwa kwepetrochemical plant, sezvo nhamba yepakati uye yepamusoro-soro mazinga emidziyo uye mapaipi anobatanidzwa mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu ekuchengetedza kwakawedzera zvichienderana. Naizvozvo, vharafu yekuchengetedza yakaringana, inonzwisisika marongero inonyanya kukosha.
1. Ivhavha yekudzivirira pamidziyo kana pombi inofanira kuiswa vertically uye padyo sezvinobvira kune midziyo yakachengetedzwa kana pombi. Nekudaro, iyo vharafu yekudzivirira yepombi yemvura, inotsinhanisa kupisa kana mudziyo, kana vharuvhu yakavharwa, kumanikidza kunogona kusimuka nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemafuta, inogona kuiswa yakatwasuka.
2, valve yekuchengetedza inofanira kuiswa munzvimbo iyo iri nyore kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa, uye panofanira kuva nenzvimbo yakakwana yekushanda yakaipoteredza. Zvakadai se: vertical container safety valve, DN80 pazasi, inogona kuiswa kunze kwepuratifomu; DN100 yakaiswa kunze kwepuratifomu pedyo nepuratifomu, nerubatsiro rwepuratifomu inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa valve. Uye haifanirwe kuisirwa panoperera pombi dzakareba dzakachinjika kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvakaoma kana zvinwiwa.
3. Ivhavha yekudzivirira yakaiswa papombi inofanira kunge iri panzvimbo iyo kudzvinyirira kunenge kwakadzikama uye kune imwe nzvimbo kubva kune inoshanduka-shanduka.
4, vharanda rekuchengetedza kumhepo, kune iyo yakawanda isingakuvadzi yepakati (yakadai semhepo, nezvimwewo) yekuburitsa pombi muromo yakakwirira kupfuura yekuburitsa chiteshi sepakati peiyo 715m radius yepuratifomu yekushandisa, midziyo kana pasi 2.5m kumusoro. Kune zvinopisa, zvinopisa kana muchetura media, chinoburitsa chinoburitsa chinofanirwa kunge chiri chepamusoro pe 3m kupfuura chikuva chekushanda, midziyo kana pasi mukati me 15m radius.
5, iyo yekudzivirira vharafu yekubuda yakabatana nepombi yekuyamura yekumanikidza, kuti iiswe mupombi kubva kumusoro kuzasi kusvika 45 Angle, kuitira kuti isadurure iyo condensate mupombi yebazi, uye inogona kudzikisa kumashure kumanikidzwa kwekuchengetedza. vharafu. Kana nguva dzose kudzvinyirirwa kwevhavha yekudzivirira yakakura kudarika 710MPa, isa 45 inofanira kushandiswa.
6. Panofanira kunge pasina bhegi-yakaita mvura mupombi yekuyerera yemvura yakanyorova gasi rekugadzirisa hurongwa, uye kukwirira kwekuisa kwevhavha yekudzivirira kunofanira kunge kwakakwirira kudarika iyo yehutano hwekugadzirisa. Kana kubuda kwevhavha yekuyamura kwakadzikira pane mutsara wekumanikidza wekumanikidza kana pombi yekuburitsa inoda kusimudzwa kuti isvike mutsara mukuru, tangi yekuchengetera mvura uye geji yegeji kana bhuku remvura yekuburitsa valve rinofanira kuiswa pazasi uye nyore. nzvimbo inosvikika, uye inogara ichiburitswa kune yakavharwa sisitimu kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemvura muchikamu chepombi chakaita sebhegi. Mukuwedzera, munzvimbo dzinotonhora, chikamu chepombi yebhegi chinoda kupisa kwemhepo kudzivirira kutonhora. Iyo steam tracing chubhu inogona zvakare kupfutisa iyo condensate mubhegi chubhu kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemvura. Asi kunyange kana kushandiswa kwekupisa kwekutsvaga chubhu, manual drain valve ichiri kudiwa.
7, iyo yekudzivirira yevhavha yekubuda pombi dhizaini inofanirwa kufunga kudzvinyirira kumashure hakupfuure imwe kukosha kweiyo inogara ichimanikidza yevhavha yekuchengetedza. Kune chitubu chekuchengetedza vharafu, iyo yakajairika mhando yekumanikidzwa yekumashure haifanirwe kudarika 10% yeyakayerwa kudzvanywa kwevhavha, mabhero emhando (yakaenzana mhando) iyo yekumashure kumanikidzwa haifanire kudarika 30% yekumanikidza kwevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira, kumutyairi. mhando yevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhare,kumashure kumanikidzwa hakupfuuri 60% yekugara kumanikidza kwevhavhavhavhavhavhavha. Iko kukosha chaiko kunofanirwa kunongedzera kumuenzaniso wemugadziri uye kutsanangurwa nemaitiro ekuverenga.
8, nekuti gasi kana chiutsi chinoburitswa mumhepo nevhavhavhavha yekubuda, iro rinopesana rinogadzirwa pamutsetse wepakati wepombi yekubuda, inonzi reaction force yevhavhavhavha. Kufurira kwesimba iri kunofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzirwa kwemutsara wekubuda wevhavha yekuyamura. Zvakadai se: chengetedzo yevhavha yekubuda pombi inofanira kupihwa nerutsigiro rwakagadzika; Kana iyo inlet pombi chikamu chevhavha yekuyamura chakareba, madziro emidziyo yekumanikidza inofanira kusimbiswa.
Chengetedzo vharafu kushanda kwekuchengetedza
1. Ivhavha yekudzivirira inoshandisa dhipatimendi inofanira kuisa zvakajeka mberi zvinotevera zvekuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvevhavha yekudzivirira mukugadzirisa uye mitemo yekushanda kwemashure:
1. Operation process zviratidzo (kusanganisira kushanda nesimba, kushanda tembiricha kana kuderera kushanda tembiricha, kuisa kumanikidza);
2. Chengetedzo yevharuvhu yekudzivirira uye nzira dzekushanda (yevhavhavhavha ine wrench);
3. Zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuongororwa mukushanda kwevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavharwe,zvingangoitika zvisina kujairika uye matanho ekudzivirira,pamwe nekukurumidzira kuraswa uye nzira dzekubika.
2. Kuongororwa nguva dzose kunofanira kuitwa panguva yekushanda kwevhavha yekudzivirira. Nguva yekuongorora inogadzirwa nemushandisi wega wega zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo, uye kureba hakufanirwe kudarika kamwe pamwedzi. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvakanyanya:
1. Kuti zita rezita rakakwana here;
2. Chengetedzo vharafu chisimbiso chakasimba;
3. Kana vharuvhu yekucheka-cheka inoshandiswa nevhavha yekudzivirira yakazaruka zvakakwana uye chisimbiso chiripo;
4. Tarisa kana chero kusarudzika kunoitika panguva yekushanda.
5. Zvingave zvichikwanisa kusimuka zvinyoro-nyoro kana dhizaini yekuisa inopfuudzwa mukushanda.
Yetatu, vharafu yekuchengetedza iri mukuita kwekushandisa, kana anotevera matambudziko aitika, anoshanda anofanira kuzivisa kune akakodzera madhipatimendi nenguva maererano nemaitiro akatemerwa:
1. Kudzvinyirira hakubvi;
2. Usadzokera pachigaro kana wabva;
3. Leakage inoitika;
4. Pamberi pevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira yakagurwa vharafu uye vharafu chisimbiso chinodonha.
Zvina, mudziyo wekumanikidza mukati mekushanda, vharafu yekudzivirira pamberi pevhavha yakagurwa inofanira kunge iri munzvimbo yakazaruka yakazara uye chisimbiso. Izvo zvinorambidzwa zvachose kuvhara vharafu yekudzivirira kusvika pakufa, kudzima kana kuvhara valve yakachekwa. Chero shanduko mukushanda kwevhavha yekudzivirira inofanira kubvumirwa nemutariri.
shanu, vharafu yekuchengetedza ine basa rekumanikidza, inorambidzwa zvachose kuita chero basa rekugadzirisa uye rekusimbisa. Inoda kuita kugadzirisa uye rimwe basa, iyo mushandisi unit inofanirwa kugadzira zvinobudirira zvinodiwa zvekushanda uye matanho ekudzivirira, uye hunyanzvi hwemunhu anotarisira chibvumirano, mukushanda chaiko kwemusuwo anofanira kutumira vanhu kuti vatarise saiti.
Nhanhatu, mushandisi anorambidzwa kuvhura uye kubvisa chisimbiso chinotungamira kana kugadzirisa iyo yekuchengetedza valve yekumisikidza screw.
7. Spare safety valve inofanira kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzwa.
Kudzidza pamusoro peYakaoma Pressure Ratio yeChengetedzo Valve - Kudzidza pane yakakosha Pressure Ratio yechengetedzo Valve - Lyco Valve Abstract: Chimiro chekuverenga iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza reshiyo yevhavhavhavha inounzwa.
Mhedzisiro yeZVIYEDZO INORATIDZA KUTI CRITICAL PRESSURE RATIO YEKUDZIVIRIRA VAVIRI INONYANYA KUNYANYA NE CRITICAL PRESSURE ratio yemuromo uye DISC flow resistance resistance coefficient, uye nekuti disc flow resistance coefficient yakakurisa, vharuvhu rekuchengetedza rinowanzo mu Subcritical. flow state.
Gb50-89 "Steel Pressure Vessel", maererano nekuyerera kwevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha ku hambana,kumisa matimu mambi ya hambana ya timhaka ta ku heta, hikwalaho, ku vhona kana vhavhavha ya tshavha i vhuya vhuya vhuya ha vhuya vhuya vhuya vhuya vhuya, iyo misimboti yesarudzo chaiyo ye displacement calculation formula.
Parizvino, kune maonero maviri pamusoro pekukosha kwekukosha kwekumanikidzwa kwevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavharwe: ① inoonekwa seyakanyanya kudzvanya chiyero chevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhare mhedziso yakangofanana neyakaomesesa yekumanikidza reshiyo yemhino mune yakatarwa nyika dzakasiyana. , uye kukosha kwayo i0.528 [1,2].
② Nyanzvi dzakawanda nevatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza chiyero chevhavhavhavhavhavha yakaderera pane yakakosha yekumanikidza reshiyo yemuromo, uye kukosha kwayo kunosvika 0.2 ~ 0.3 [3] Parizvino, hapana kuomarara uye kwakaringana dzidziso yekuverenga nzira yeiyo yakakosha. pressure ratio yevhavhavhavhavha yakagamuchirwa.
Nokudaro, kusarudza iyo yakakosha kudzvinyirirwa kwevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha uye kutonga zvakarurama kuyerera kwakachengeteka ichiri dambudziko rekukurumidzira kugadziriswa muinjiniya,iyo isina kutaurwa mumabhuku kusvika zvino.
Kuburikidza nekuongorora kwe theoretical uye ongororo yekuyedza, munyori anokurukura mamiriro ekuyerera kwevhavhavhavha uye anoisa mberi theoretical calculation formula yeyakakosha pressure ratio yevharuvhu yekuchengetedza.
1 Chengetedzo vharafu yakakosha kudzvanywa reshiyo yakakosha pressure ratio RCR inoreva chiyero chekupinda nekubuda kwemhepo kana mhepo yekuyerera ichisvika pakumhanya kwenzvimbo yeruzha pane chikamu chidiki chekuyerera.
Iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza chiyero cheiyo nozzle inogona kuverengerwa neformula mune theory.
Kana iyo nozzle inlet pressure ratio yakadzikira kupfuura kana yakaenzana neyakaomesesa pressure ratio yemhino, kuvhiringika kweiyo outlet inlet pressure ratio haigone kudarika sonic plane nekuda kwekuyerera kwesonic pachikamu chekubuda, saka kukanganisa hakugone kukanganisa kuyerera. mumuromo.
Kudzvinyirirwa kwemhepo pachikamu chekubuda kunoramba kusingachinji paP2 / P1 = Cr, kuyerera kwemhepo pachikamu chekubuda kuchiri kuyerera, uye kutama kwacho kunoramba kusingachinjike, iyo W/Wmax = 1. Panguva ino, muromo uri mune yakakomba kana supercritical kuyerera mamiriro [4].
Pamusoro peiyo nozzle, iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza reshiyo yezvimwe zvimiro kazhinji inoda kutariswa nekuyedzwa, uye iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza reshiyo inotarwa nebvunzo inonzi yechipiri yakakosha pressure reshiyo yemusiyano.
Nekuda kwekuoma kwegadziriro yevhavhavhavha, zvakaoma kuona kuyerera kwevelocity pane diki inoyerera inopfuura-sectional nzvimbo yevhavhavhavha yekuchengetedza, saka hazvigoneke kuona iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza chiyero chevhavhavha yekudzivirira nenzira kwayo. nzvimbo yekuvhara diki inoyerera inosvika pakumhanya kwenzwi.
Parizvino, nzira yekuona kana vhavha yekudzivirira yasvika kune yakakosha kuyerera mamiriro ndeyekuyera kusimuka kweiyo coefficient yevhavha yekuchengetedza. Zvinotendwa kuti vharafu yekudzivirira ichasvika kune yakakosha kuyerera mamiriro chero bedzi iyo yekutamisa coefficient isingashanduke nehuwandu hwekumanikidza [3].
Mhedzisiro yakayerwa inoratidza kuti kusimuka kwevhavhavhavhavha yekudzivirira kunogara kuchichinja nekushandurwa kweyero yekumanikidza, asi kana chiyero chekumanikidza chevhavhavhavhavhavha yakaderera pane 0.2 ~ 0.3, kusiyanisa kwekutamiswa kwevhavhavha yekudzivirira ine chiyero chekumanikidza. idiki, uye vanhu vanofunga kuti shanduko diki iyi inokonzerwa nekuyerwa kwekuyerwa, saka inotongwa kuti yakanyanya kudzvanywa reshiyo yevhavha yakazaruka yekudzivirira inenge 0.2 ~ 0.3.
Iyo theoretical hwaro hweiyi nzira yekuyedza yekuona iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza reshi yevhavha yekuyamura ndeyekuti iyo yekumanikidza reshiyo kukanganisa haigone kudarika iyo sonic ndege mune yakakosha uye supercritical yekuyerera mamiriro, kuitira kuti chiyero chekubuda kwehuputi chirambe chisina kuchinjika.
Nekudaro, muchimiro cheyakakosha kana supercritical kuyerera, kuyerera kune iyo nozzle outlet chikamu ndiko kuyerera kwe sonic, zvichikonzera kutamiswa kwehama.
Sezvo iyo inlet pressure P1 yevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira ichiwedzera, iyo disc kuramba kudzvanywa inodonha P inowedzera, uye yekubuda kumanikidza P2 yemhino muvharuvhu inowedzerawo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, P2 neP1 inogona kuwedzera nhanho nhanho, zvichikonzera chiyero chekumanikidza chemhino muvharuvhu r = P2 / P1 zvishoma nezvishoma kune yakatemwa kukosha.
Sezvinoonekwa kubva pachiyero chekuverenga chekutamisa nozzle, iyo nozzle displacement zvishoma nezvishoma inova yakakosha kukosha, uye kutamiswa kwevhavhavhavha inochinja zvishoma kana kusachinjika nereshiyo yekumanikidza.
Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti kuyerera kwevhavha pachikamu chiduku chekuyerera kwevhavhavhavhavha inosvika pakumhanya kwenzwi. Zviripachena, iyo chiyero chekumanikidza panguva ino haisi iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza reshi yevhavha yakazaruka yekuchengetedza.
Uyezve, kana kureba kwekuvhura kwe disc kuri kudiki, iyo yekutamisa coefficient yevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira haishanduki neiyo yekumanikidza chiyero kunyange kana chiyero chekumanikidza chinosvika 0.67. Ehe, iyi chiyero chekumanikidza haigone kutariswa seyakanyanya kudzvinyirira chiyero chevhavhavhavhavha yekuchengetedza, yekutaura, iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza chiyero chevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira haigone kuve yakakura kupfuura yakakosha yekumanikidza reshiyo yemuromo.
Mufananidzo 1 dhizaini yekudzivirira vharafu dhiyagiramu uye theoretical calculation modhi nenhamba 1 b inoratidza kuti vharafu yekuyamura uye yakaenzana muromo wayo inoratidzwa mumusiyano uripo pakati pe disc resistance pressure drop p nekuda kweakasiyana mataurirwo echinyakare displacement calculation method inotora yakaringana yakaenzana. nozzle model calculation, uye kufuratira mhedzisiro ye disc resistance pressure drop, zvinova nyore kuvhiringa vharafu yekuyamura nemuromo, Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti VANHU VATENDE KUTI CRITICAL PRESSURE RATIO YEMUDZIVIRI WOKUREENZA AKAFANANA NEYENOZZLE, 0.528, KANA ZVACHOKWADI MVURA YEKUYENZA NEMBURO zvakasiyana zvakajeka.
Musiyano mukuru pakati pevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira uye yakaenzana yakaenzana nozzle inoratidzwa mu disc resistance pressure drop, nepo tsika yekuverenga modhi isingatarise basa reiyo disc resistance pressure drop P, izvo zvisina musoro.
Theoretical velocity yenozzle inoratidzwa ne static parameters ndeye [5]: 3) Apo, K ndiyo adiabatic index; A1A2 haisi iyo yevhavha nozzle inlet uye kubuda kwechikamu chekuyerera chiteshi; R0 gasi nguva dzose; T1 ndiyo tembiricha yekupinda; R ndiyo chiyero chekumanikidza painopinza yemuromo muvharuvhu, uye r = 2/ P1. Ikozvino patsanura mativi ese eEquation (1) neP1 uye inotsiva equation (2) uye (3) mune yakapfava fomula, uye hukama pakati pekumanikidza reshiyo yevhavhavhavha yekuchengetedza uye chiyero chekumanikidza chemhino muvharuvhu inogona kutorwa. sezvinotevera: MuFormula (4), pressure ratio yevharuvhu rekuchengetedza B, RBB /1 Sezvo chikamu chakakosha chekuyerera chevharuvhu yekudzivirira yakazaruka chiri pahuro yehuro, kuyerera kwakanyanya * kwevharuvhu yekuchengetedza kunogona kusvikwa pa. muromo wehuro.
Maererano neEquation (7), iyo yakakosha pressure ratio RBCR yevhavhavhavhavha inobatwa zvakanyanya neiyo yakakosha pressure ratio RCR yenozzle uye disc inoyerera inopikisa coefficient F.
Kana iyo DISC inoyerera inopikisa coefficient F inowedzera, IYO yakakosha PRESSURE chiyero chevhavhavhavha inoderera nekuti iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza reshiyo yemhino inogara.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chiyero chakakosha chekudzivirira kwevhavhavhavha inoderera nekuwedzera kwe disc flow resistance coefficient.
Kana kuyerera kwekudzivirira kunowedzera kune imwe yakakosha kukosha, iyo yakakosha yekumanikidza chiyero chevhavhavhavha yekuchengetedza ichaderedzwa kusvika zero.
Kana DISC RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT IKAKUNZA IYI ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOKOSHA, VAVIRI HAIGANI KUSIKIRA KUNYORO ROKUTEVERA NOKUTI DISC FLOW RESISTANCE coefficient yakakurisa, uye vharafu yekudzivirira iri mu subcritical flow state.
Nokudaro, kana pane mamiriro akaoma ekuyerera muvhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavarwe,kukosha kwesimba revhavhavhavhavha yekudzivirira hakufaniri kuva pasi pe zero,kureva kuti kana RBCR ≥0,iyo disc flow resistance coefficient inofanira kusangana F ≥2/ K.
Zvemhepo, k=1.4 uye F ≤1.43.
Nokudaro, kana vhavha yekudzivirira iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, dhisiki yayo inoyerera inopikisa coefficient F haigoni kudarika 1.43.
Kuti uone kana vhavha yekudzivirira iri munzvimbo yakaoma yekuyerera kana kuti subcritical flow state, munyori akaita miedzo pa disc flow resistance coefficient yemhando mbiri dzevhavhavha dzekuchengetedza, A42Y-1.6CN40 uye A42Y-1.6CN50. FIG. 2 inoratidza chiyero chehukama pakati pe disc flow resistance coefficient uye pressure ratio yevharuvhu yekuchengetedza, umo H ndiyo yakazara yekuvhura kureba uye Y ndiyo bvunzo yekuvhura kureba.
Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro inoratidza kuti dhisiki inoyerera inopikisa coefficient yevhavha yakazaruka yekuchengetedza yakazaruka inopfuura 1.43.
Nokudaro, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kunyange kana kupindira kwevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhangana,vhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha vhafadzihaikwanise kuguma mhatso inoyerera nekuda kweiyo valve disc resistance pressure drop yakakura kwazvo,sakasavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhaswa vhuvhuvhu ha vhukuma. state.
Kuti aratidze kuvimbika kweichi fungidziro, munyori akaedza chiyero chekumanikidza kwemavharuvhu maviri ekuchengetedza uye kudzvanywa kwereshiyo yemhino muvharuvhu, uye mhedzisiro yekuyedzwa kweiyo pressure ratio yevhavhavha yekuchengetedza uye chiyero chekumanikidza muromo muvharuvhu
Mhedzisiro yemuyedzo inoratidza kuti kana inlet kudzvanywa kwevhavha yekuyamura kwasvika 0.6Pa gauge pressure), iyo yekumanikidza reshiyo yemuromo mukati memavharuvhu maviri inodarika 0.7.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti muromo uri muvharuvhu unofanirwa kunge uri mu subcritical flow state.
Iyo yakakosha kuyerera ndima yevharuvhu yekudzivirira yakavhurika zvakazara iri pahuro yemuromo, uye yakakosha kuyerera mamiriro evhavhavhavha * inogona kusvikwa pahuro yehuro.
Naizvozvo, kana muromo uri mukati mevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira inosvika kune yakakosha kuyerera mamiriro, vharafu yekudzivirira iri munzvimbo yakaoma yekuyerera.