Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo levalvu yesingeniso kusetshenziswa impahla ye-valve yensimbi engagqwali ipuleti elishisayo eligoqiwe isethulo
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-valve nokukhethwa kwempahla ukushisa okusebenzayo kwe-valve. Faka futhi izinga lokushisa elifanele lezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuziphatha kwe-valve, kusukela ekusebenzeni kwenombolo yensimbi egxilile esetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokwakha ama-valve, izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza kanye nezidingo ezihlobene zezinto zomzimba zokuziphatha kwe-valve ezisetshenziswa emishinini yasekhaya ye-petrochemical, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo, ubunjiniyela bamandla kagesi kanye nemboni yensimbi neminye imikhakha kubalulwe ukubukeka, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo yamavalvu Yebo. Leli phepha lethula ngokuningiliziwe i-valve yokushisa, i-valve yokushisa ephezulu eqhubekayo, i-nickel resistant corrosion base alloy corrosion resistant nickel base alloy valve materials.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-valve nokukhethwa kwempahla ukushisa okusebenzayo kwe-valve. Faka futhi izinga lokushisa elifanele lezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuziphatha kwe-valve, kusukela ekusebenzeni kwenombolo yensimbi egxilile esetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokwakha ama-valve, izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza kanye nezidingo ezihlobene zezinto zomzimba zokuziphatha kwe-valve ezisetshenziswa emishinini yasekhaya ye-petrochemical, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo, ubunjiniyela bamandla kagesi kanye nemboni yensimbi neminye imikhakha kubalulwe ukubukeka, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo yamavalvu Yebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wokuphathwa kwekhwalithi nokuphathwa kokukhiqizwa kwebhizinisi nokuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, insimbi ngayinye ehlukene kufanele ikhethwe ngokusebenza okungcono okuphelele, okungafanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli ensimbi amaningi anenombolo efanayo, ukuvimbela ukudideka.
1. Impahla eyinhloko ye-valve yezinga lokushisa (-254(i-hydrogen ewuketshezi) ~ -101 ℃(butadiene)) ukuziphatha kufanele kube insimbi ye-alloy ephansi, into exubile noma iphrofayili yealloy ye-aluminium ene-body-centric lattice constant. Izici ezibonakalayo zezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ngemva kwenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa, ikakhulukazi ukuqina kokuphuka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lidinga ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zezinga. Lezi zinsimbi ezilandelayo eziphansi ze-alloy zingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-valve okushisa aphelele. I-ASTMA351 CF8M, CF3M, CF8 kanye ne-CF3,ASTM A182F316, F316L, F304 kanye ne-F304L,ASTM A433 316, 316L, 304, 304L kanye ne-CF8D. Ipuleti lomjikelezo kawoyela, i-valve yokugeleza okukodwa, i-valve yesango noma i-valve ye-piston ye-valve yokushisa kufanele ibe ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ku-nitrogen ewuketshezi (-196 ℃) ngaphambi kokucubungula okujulile.
2. Ivalvu yokushisa ephezulu eqhubekayo I-valve yensimbi eqhubekayo ye-Cr-Mo eqhubekayo ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhetha i-WC6, i-WC9 ne-C5(ZG1Cr5Mo) ekucacisweni kwe-ASTM A217, futhi amapuleti agingqelwe ahambisanayo yi-F11, F22 ne-F5 ku-ASTM A182.
(1) Insimbi ye-chromium ephansi ye-chrome-molybdenum ine-WC6, WC9, F11 ne-F22, indawo yayo esetshenziswayo amanzi, isitimu negesi ye-radon, ayifanele okuqukethwe kwesibabule kuwoyela ocolisisiwe. I-WC6 ne-F11 ifanele izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elingu--29 ~ 540 ℃, kanti i-WC9 ne-F22 ifanele izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elingu--29 ~ 570 ℃.
(2) I-C5(ZG1Cr5Mo) kanye ne-F5 chromium pentamolybdenum insimbi yokushisa ephezulu, imidiya yayo esebenzayo yamanzi, umusi, igesi ye-radon kanye nokuqukethwe kwesibabule kawoyela ocolisisiwe. I-C5(ZG1Cr5Mo) uma isetshenziswa kumhwamuko wamanzi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza kwawo ngu-600 ℃. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elisebenzayo lingu-550 ℃ uma lisetshenziswa phakathi nendawo efana nowoyela ocolisisiwe wesulfure. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-C5(ZG1Cr5Mo) liyadingeka ukuba libe ngaphansi kuka-550 ℃.
3, isisekelo se-nickel ukumelana nokugqwala izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-alloy corrosion resistant nickel base alloy valve kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenzisa ukucaciswa kwe-ASTM A494 kwe-monel alloy ehlanganisiwe
(1), ingxubevange ye-nickel base cast (CZ-100), i-Inconnel aluminium alloy (CY-40), ingxubevange ye-Hastelloy B(N-12MV, N-7M) kanye ne-Hastelloy C(CW-(1) i-Monel alloy Monel inamandla amakhulu kanye ne-ductibility, ikakhulukazi ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ekunciphiseni i-asidi ne-asidi eqinile kanye nezakhiwo zokugqwala kolwandle Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza nokuthutha i-hydrochloric acid, amanzi anosawoti, izinto ezingathathi hlangothi, usawoti we-alkali nama-acid oxidizing nezinye izinto zemidiya nama-valve. ifanele i-hydrogen eyomile ne-manic, igesi ye-hydrogen chloride, 425 ℃ izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliqhubekayo le-hydrogen kanye no-450 ℃ ukushisa okuqhubekayo kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride nezinye izinto, kodwa ayimelani nokuqukethwe kwesibabule nezinto ezinciphisayo (njenge-sodium cyanide nezinto eziqukethe umoya-mpilo. ) ukugqwala Ikhodi yempahla ye-valve iyonke ye-Monel alloy yi-MM, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko i-valve ye-valve yensimbi yi-C/M, ikhodi ye-valve ye-CF8 yi-P/M. ikhodi ye-CF8M ithi R/M. Izinga lokushisa elifanele le-Monel M35-1, i-Monel 400 ne-MonelK500 aluminium alloys lingu-29 ~ 480 ℃.
(2) I-Cast nickel base alloy I-Cast nickel alloy (CZ-100) ingu-95%Ni kanye no-1100%C, futhi alikho ipuleti eligoqiwe elihambisanayo. I-CZ-100 inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu lapho isetshenziswa kwisisombululo esiqhubekayo sokushisa okuphezulu ngokugxila okuphezulu noma ngaphandle kwamanzi ne-alkali. I-CZ-100 isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali e-chlor-alkali ngokugxila okuphezulu (okuhlanganisa ukuncibilika kwe-aluminium chloride ngaphandle kwamanzi kanye ne-anhydrous) nasezindaweni lapho ithusi nensimbi neminye imikhiqizo yensimbi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo ingekho khona. I-Cast nickel base alloy CZ-100 valve material code Ni. CZ-100 aluminium ingxubevange ifaneleka lokushisa ukusebenza -29 ~ 316 ℃.
(3) I-Hastelloy Hastelloy igama lezentengiso le-Hastelloy, elihlanganisa ikakhulukazi uchungechunge lwezinhlanganisela, ngokuvamile i-Hastelloy B kanye ne-Hastelloy C esetshenziswa kumavalvu amelana nokugqwala. Ukwenziwa kwama-alloys e-Hastelloy B kuya ku-N-12MV(N-12M-1) kanye ne-N-7M(ezinye izinto ezibizwa nge-N-12M-2, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-Chlorimet 2 aluminium alloy) ku-ASTM A494 zigingqelwa ku-UNS ku-ASTM B335 N10665 . I-Hastelloy B imelana ne-sulfuric acid yakho konke ukugxila, kanye nosawoti onganciphisi nama-acids. I-valve emelana nokugqwala ye-Hastelloy B, kusukela ekumelaneni nokugqwala nokucatshangelwa kokumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezi kufanele kukhethwe izinga eliphansi lokuvikela imvelo le-Hastelloy B(N-7M). Inombolo yempahla ye-Hastelloy Asikho isidingo endaweni yevalvu. Inombolo ye-valve ye-Hastelloy B ingachazwa ngokuqondile ngokwenza inombolo ehlangene. I-Hastelloy B ifanele izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lika -29 ℃ ~ 425 ℃.
Leli zinga lichaza ubukhulu, idizayini yokubukeka, izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuhlola, amazinga okuhlola, amamaki okupakisha nezitifiketi zekhwalithi zensimbi engagqwali egingqiwe eshisayo. Leli zinga lisebenza ezinsimbini ezishisayo ezigoqiwe ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ngezinjongo ezijwayelekile. I-GB 222 yensimbi yokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi kusetshenziswa indlela yesampula yesampula kanye nokwakheka komkhiqizo ophelile iphutha elivumelekile GB 223 insimbi ne-aluminium ingxubevange yokuhlaziya amakhemikhali indlela GB 226 insimbi isakhiwo esiphansi kanye nokushiyeka indlela yokuthola i-asidi etching GB 228 indlela yokuhlola insimbi eqinile GB 230 izinto zensimbi Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Rockwell Impahla yensimbi ye-GB 231 Brinell.. .
1. Umbono wetimu kanye nenkundla yohlelo lokusebenza
Leli puleti lensimbi engagqwali elijwayelekile likasayizi wensimbi egoqiwe, idizayini yokubukeka, izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuhlola, amazinga okuhlola, amamaki okupakisha nesitifiketi sekhwalithi nolunye ulwazi olufanele.
Leli zinga lisebenza ezinsimbini ezishisayo ezigoqiwe ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ngezinjongo ezijwayelekile.
2. Izindinganiso zokubhekisela
Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi okungu-GB 222 ngendlela yesampula yesampula nokwakheka kwemikhiqizo eqediwe iphutha elivumelekile
I-GB 223 Izindlela zokuhlaziya amakhemikhali ensimbi ne-aluminium alloys
Insimbi ye-GB 226 - ukunqunywa kwesakhiwo samandla aphansi kanye nokukhubazeka nge-acid etch
Indlela yokuhlola ye-GB 228 Metal tensile
Izinto zensimbi ze-GB 230 - Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Rockwell
I-GB 231 Izindlela zokuhlola amandla e-Tensile zezinto zensimbi
Izindlela zokuhlola zokugoba ze-GB 232 zezinto zensimbi
Izidingo ezijwayelekile zokwamukelwa, ukupakishwa kwangaphandle, ukumaka kanye nesitifiketi sekhwalithi samapuleti ensimbi awugqinsi angama-247 namaketanga ensimbi.
I-GB 709 yensimbi egoqiwe eshisayo nobukhulu beketanga lensimbi, idizayini yangaphandle, isisindo esiphelele namaphutha avumelekile
Insimbi ye-GB 2975 yokwakha - izidingo zesampula zomakhenikha wesakhiwo nokuhlolwa kokusebenza
I-GB 4334.1 ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali 10% indlela yokuhlola i-hydrochloric acid corrosion
I-GB 4334.2 ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali i-HCL - indlela yokuhlola ye-magnesium hydroxide etching
GB 4334.3 amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali 65% sodium cyanide etch indlela yokuhlola
Amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali GB 4334.4 sodium cyanide-hydrochloric acid etch indlela yokuhlola
I-GB 4334.5 ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali i-HCL - indlela yokuhlola emisiwe ye-sodium thiosulfate
I-GB 4334.6 ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali 5% indlela yokuhlola ukugqwala kwe-sulfuric acid
I-GB 4340 Metallic materials — Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni beBrinell
Isampula yokuhlola yensimbi ye-GB 6397
Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala ku-synthetic atmosphere (ukuhlolwa kwe-SS)
3. Imininingwane kanye nomklamo wokubukeka
3.1 Usayizi nephutha elivumelekile lensimbi ewugqinsi kufanele ihambisane nezinhlinzeko ezifanele ze-GB 709.
3.1.1 Ubulukhuni imitha ngayinye yepuleti yensimbi ewugqinsi kufanele buhambisane nezinhlinzeko ezifanele kuThebula loku-1.
I-State Administration of Quality Supervision ekhishwe ngo-1992-11-16, egunyazwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ngo-1993-06-01
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-16-2023
