Flash uye cavitation yemavharuvhu uye nzira dzekudzivirira cavitation kukuvadza main technical zvimiro zvevhavha

Flash uye cavitation yemavharuvhu uye nzira dzekudzivirira cavitation kukuvadza main technical zvimiro zvevhavha

Kazhinji anogona kuona vharafu inogadzirisa,kuderedza vharafu uye mamwe throttle valve disc uye zvigaro zvikamu zvemukati kupfeka mavanga, yakadzika groove nemakomba, ayo anonyanya kukonzerwa ne cavitation. Cavitation imhando yekutadza kwezvinhu kana kudzvanywa uye tembiricha yemvura ichisvika yakakosha kukosha, iyo yakakamurwa kuita flash uye cavitation nhanho mbiri. Flash inokurumidza kukurumidza kushandura maitiro apo mvura inoyerera kuburikidza nemutongi nekuda kwechigaro uye
Kazhinji anogona kuona kudzora vharafu, kuderedza vharafu uye imwe throttle valve disc uye zvigaro zvikamu zvemukati kupfeka mamaki, yakadzika groove nemakomba, ayo anonyanya kukonzerwa necavitation.
Cavitation imhando yekutadza kwezvinhu kana kudzvanywa uye tembiricha yemvura ichisvika yakakosha kukosha, iyo yakakamurwa kuita flash uye cavitation nhanho mbiri.
Kupenya inzira inokurumidza yekushandura, apo mvura inoyerera ichipinda nemutongi, nekuda kwechigaro chevharuvhu uye dhisiki yevharuvhu yakagadzira chibvumirano chemunharaunda chenzvimbo yekuyerera, kushorwa kwenzvimbo, kuitira kuti kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura uye kukurumidza kuchinja.
Kana dzvinyiriro iri P1 yemvura inoyerera nemuorifice, velocity kamwe kamwe kuwedzera kwakasimba kweiyo static pressure yakadzikira, mushure megomba kudzvanywa P2 mumvura mune yakazara saturated steam pressure pamberi pePv, chikamu chemvura ichipinda mugasi vaporization, mabhubhu, kuumbwa kwegasi liquid two phase coexistence phenomenon, inonzi flash stage, iri system phenomenon.
Regulator haigone kudzivirira kupenya kunze kwekunge mamiriro ehurongwa achinja. Uye kana kudzika kwemvura kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura muvharuvhu kukasimuka zvakare, uye kwakakwirira kudarika saturation pressure, kuwedzera kwekumanikidza kunomanikidza bubble, zvokuti rinobva raputika, rinozivikanwa se cavitation stage. Munguva yecavitation, iyo saturated bubble haichavepo uye inokurumidza kuputika ichidzokera kumvura. Nekuti huwandu hwemabhuru huzhinji hwakakura kupfuura huwandu hwemvura imwechete. Saka bubble kuputika ishanduko kubva pavhoriyamu hombe kuenda padiki vhoriyamu.
Cavitation mukuita kwebubble kuputika apo simba rose rakanangana padanho rekutsemuka, zvichikonzera zviuru zveNewtons zvekukanganisa, kuvhunduka kwemafungu kudzvinyirirwa kusvika 2 × 103 MPa,** kupfuura kuneta kutadza muganhu wezvizhinji zvesimbi zvinhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, tembiricha yemuno inosvika zviuru zvinoverengeka madhigirii Celsius, uye kushushikana kwekushisa kunokonzerwa nenzvimbo dzinopisa idzi ndicho chinhu chikuru chekugadzira kukuvadzwa kwecavitation.
Flash inoburitsa kukuvadzwa kwekukukurwa kwevhu, ichigadzira mavanga akatsetseka pamusoro pezvikamu. Kufanana nejecha rakapfapfaidzwa pamusoro pechikamu, pamusoro pechikamu chacho chakabvaruka, zvichiita gomba rakashata reslag sekunze kwekunze. Mumamiriro ekudzvinyirirwa kwakasiyana-siyana, dhisiki yakaoma kwazvo uye chigaro chichakuvadzwa munguva pfupi, kubuda, kunokanganisa kushanda kwevhavha. Panguva imwecheteyo, mukuita cavitation, bubble rakaputika rakaburitsa simba rakakura, richikonzera kuzunguzika kwenhengo dzemukati, kuburitsa ruzha kusvika ku10 kHz, mabubble akawedzera, ruzha rwakanyanya.
Nzira dzekudzivirira kukuvara kwecavitation
Kugadzirisa valve flash haidziviriki, inogona kuita kudzivirira kuparadzwa kwekupenya. Mukugadzirwa kwevhavha yekudzora, izvo zvinokanganisa kukuvadzwa kweflash zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira chimiro chevharuvhu, zvinhu zvemukati uye dhizaini yehurongwa. Cavitation kukuvara kunogona kudzivirirwa ne zigzagging nzira, multistage decompression uye porous throttling valve chimiro.
1) Chimiro chevhavha
Kunyangwe chimiro chevharuvhu chisina chekuita nekupenya, chinogona kudzora kukuvadzwa kwekupenya. Chimiro cheangular valve ine yepakati inoyerera kubva kumusoro ichienda pasi inogona kudzivirira kukuvadza kweflash zviri nani pane spherical valve. Kukuvadzwa kweFlash kunokonzerwa nehupamhi hwevelocity yakazara mabhubhu anokanganisa pamusoro pemuviri wevharuvhu uye kukanganisa pamusoro pemuviri wevharuvhu. Nekuda kwekuti iyo yepakati mukati meangular valve inoyerera yakananga pakati pepombi yakadzika mukati memuviri wevharuvhu, pane kubata zvakananga kumadziro emuviri senge spherical valve, simba rinoparadza remwenje rinopera simba.
2) Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu
Kazhinji, zvinhu zvine hurema hwepamusoro zvinoramba kupenya uye kukuvara kwecavitation. Zvinhu zvakaoma zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzira miviri yevharuvhu. Zvakadai seindasitiri yemagetsi inowanzo sarudza chromium molybdenum alloy simbi vharafu,WC9 ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa anti-corrosion. Kana iyo yekudzika kweAngle vharafu yakashongedzerwa nekuoma kwepaipi, muviri wevharuvhu unogona kusarudza kabhoni simbi, nekuti ** muchikamu chezasi chemuviri wevharuvhu chete inopenya mvura.
3) Nzira yakashata
Imwe nzira yekudzikisa kudzoreredza kudzoreredza ndeyekupfuura iyo inoyerera yepakati kuburikidza ne throttle ine zigzagging nzira. Kunyangwe iyi nzira ye zigzag inogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana, senge maburi madiki, radial kuyerera nzira, nezvimwewo Asi mhedzisiro yega yega dhizaini yakafanana. Iyi nzira ye zigzag inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kudzora cavitation.
4) Multi-level decompression
Nhanho imwe neimwe ye-multistage decompression inopedza chikamu chesimba, ichiita kuti inlet pressure yechikamu chinotevera iite zvishoma, kuderedza kusiyanisa kudzvinyirirwa kwechikamu chinotevera, kuderera kwekugadzirisa, uye kudzivisa chizvarwa che cavitation. Kubudirira kwekugadzira kunobvumira vheji kuti irambe yakagadzikana yakakura yakasiyana-siyana ichichengetedza kudzvinyirira mushure mekuputika pamusoro pemvura yakazara yemvura, kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwemvura cavitation. Naizvozvo, kune imwechete yekumanikidza kudonha, imwe-nhanho throttle inonyanya kubudisa cavitation pane multi-stage throttle.
5) Porous throttling design
Orifice throttling ndeye yakazara dhizaini chirongwa. Iko kushandiswa kwechigaro chakakosha uye valve disc chimiro fomu, gadzira yakakwira-kumhanya mvura kuburikidza nechigaro chevharuvhu uye vharuvha disc imwe neimwe poindi yekumanikidza yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yesaturated steam pressure, uye kushandiswa kweiyo convergence jet nzira, kuitira kuti mvura kinetic. simba revhavha inogadzirisa nekuda kwekukweshana uye kushandurwa kuita simba rekupisa, kuitira kuderedza kuumbwa kwemabhuru. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuputika kwebubble kunoitika pakati pe sleeve, kudzivisa kukanganisa zvakananga pachigaro uye disc disc.
Iyo huru tekinoroji yekushanda kwesimba revhavha
Kushanda kwesimba kwevharuvhu kunoreva kugona kwevharuvhu kutakura pressure yepakati. Ivhavha inogadzirwa nemichina inotakura kumanikidzwa kwemukati, saka inofanira kuva nesimba rakakwana uye kuoma kuti ive nechokwadi chekushandisa kwenguva refu pasina kuputika kana kushanduka.

Kuisa chisimbiso

Valve sealing performance inoreva mavharuvhu ekuisa chisimbiso chekudzivirira midhiya yekudonha kugona, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha tekinoroji maitiro ezviratidzo zvevhavha. Pane zvikamu zvitatu zvekuisa chisimbiso zvevhavha: kusangana pakati pekuvhura nekuvhara zvikamu uye chigaro chevharuvhu maviri ekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro; Kurongedza uye valve stem uye kurongedza bhokisi rinoenderana; Joint of body to bonnet. Imwe yeaimbova leakage inonzi internal leakage, iyo inowanzonzi yakarembera, inozokanganisa kugona kwevhavha kugura svikiro. Kune kirasi yevhavhavhavhavha, kubuda kwemukati hakubvumirwi. Iwo maviri ekupedzisira kuvuza anonzi kubuda kwekunze, kureva, kubuda kwe media kubva kuvharuvhu kuenda kuvharuvhu kunze. Leakage ichakonzera kurasikirwa kwezvinhu, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvakakomba zvinokonzeresa tsaona. Kune zvinopisa, zvinoputika, zvine muchetura kana radioactive media, kuvuza hakubvumidzwe, saka vharafu inofanirwa kuve yakavimbika yekuisa chisimbiso.

Kuyerera kwepakati

Pakati nepakati pevharuvhu ichaburitsa kudzvinyirira kurasikirwa (kudzvanywa musiyano pamberi uye mushure mevhavha), kureva kuti, vharafu ine kumwe kupikisa kuyerera kwepakati, yepakati kuti ikunde kushorwa kwevhavha ichapedza humwe huwandu hwesimba. Kubva pakufunga nezvekuchengetedza simba, dhizaini uye kugadzira mavharuvhu kuti kuderedze kupikisa kwevhavha kumhepo inoyerera zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Kuvhura nekuvhara simba uye kuvhura nekuvhara nguva

Kuvhura nekuvhara simba uye torque ndiwo masimba kana torque anofanirwa kuiswa kuvhura kana kuvhara vharafu. Vhara vharuvhu, kudiwa kwekuita iyo yakavhurika-yakavharika chikamu uye kutumira fomu chisimbiso pakati peiyo mbiri yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pekumanikidza, asi zvakare kukunda pakati pehunde uye kurongedza, tsinde yevharuvhu uye pakati petambo dze nati, vharafu tsvimbo yekupedzisira inotakura friction uye. zvimwe zvikamu zvesimba rekukwesha, uye saka zvinofanirwa kushandisa simba rekuvhara uye nguva yekuvhara, mukuvhura nekuvhara, valve inodiwa pakuvhura nekuvhara simba uye yakavhurika-yepedyo torque inoshanduka, Iyo yakanyanya kukosha iri panguva yekupedzisira. yekuvhara kana nguva yekutanga yekuvhura. Mavharuvhu anofanirwa kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kudzikisa simba rekuvhara nekuvhara torque.

Kuvhura nekuvhara nekukurumidza

Kuvhura nekuvhara kumhanya kunoratidzwa senguva inodiwa kupedzisa kuvhura kana kuvhara chiito chevhavha. General vharuvhu kuvhura uye kuvhara kumhanya hakusi kuomesesa zvinodiwa, asi mamwe mamiriro ane zvakakosha zvekuvhura nekuvhara kumhanya, senge zvimwe zvinodiwa zvekuvhura nekukurumidza kana kuvhara, kana tsaona, zvimwe zvinodiwa pakuvhara zvishoma, kana mvura ikarova. iyo inofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza rudzi rwevhavha.
Movement kunzwa uye kuvimbika

Izvi zvinoreva vharuvhu yepakati parameter shanduko, ita mhinduro inoenderana nechiyero chekunzwa. For throttle valve, pressure reduce valve, regulating valve uye mamwe mavharuvhu anoshandiswa kugadzirisa maparameters epakati pamwe nekuchengetedza vharafu, trap valve uye mamwe mavharuvhu ane chaiwo mabasa, kushanda kwayo senitivity uye kuvimbika kwakakosha zvakanyanya technical performance zviratidzo.

Hupenyu hwesevhisi ye

Iyo inomiririra kusimba kwevhavha, yakakosha kuita index yevhavha, uye ine kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi. Kazhinji kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuisa chisimbiso chehuwandu hwenguva dzekutaura, inogonawo kuratidzwa nekushandiswa kwenguva.