Insimbi engazweli ukushisai-valveimpahla
Lesi sikali sichaza izidingo zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuhlola, imithetho yokunakekela, ukumaka kanye nesitifiketi sekhwalithi, ukuvimbela ukugqwala, izimfuneko zokupakisha kanye nokugcinwa kwensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa. I-geometry kanye nosayizi wokubunjwa kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zomdwebo. Ukubekezelelana kobukhulu kanye nesibonelelo somshini kuzohambisana ne-GB/T6414 futhi ukuchezuka kwesisindo kuzohambisana ne-GB/T 11351. Isakhiwo se-metallographic sensimbi esakazwayo engazweli ukushisa sizochazwa ngokuya nge-GB/T 9441 kanye ne-GB/T. 7216, futhi izidingo ezinemininingwane kuzovunyelwana ngazo yizo zombili izinhlangothi. Isakhiwo se-matrix se-silicon engamelana nokushisa kwensimbi eyi-ferrite ikakhulukazi.
1 ububanzi
Lesi sikali sichaza izidingo zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuhlola, imithetho yokunakekela, ukumaka kanye nesitifiketi sekhwalithi, ukuvimbela ukugqwala, izimfuneko zokupakisha kanye nokugcinwa kwensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa.
Lesi sikali sifanele ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi noma ukubunjwa kwensimbi engazweli ukushisa okunokushisa okufana nesikhunta sesihlabathi futhi sisebenza ngaphansi kuka-1100 ℃.
2 Amafayela ayizethenjwa ajwayelekile
Imigomo kumadokhumenti alandelayo iba imigomo yalesi sikali ngokubhekisela kulesi sikali. Ezicashunweni ezinedethi, zonke izichibiyelo ezilandelayo (ngaphandle kwe-erratum) noma izibuyekezo azisebenzi kulesi sikali. Kodwa-ke, abathintekayo ezivumelwaneni ngaphansi kwalesi sikali bayakhuthazwa ukuthi baphenye ukutholakala kwe-*** izinguqulo zala madokhumenti. Ngezinkomba ezingenasuku, inguqulo ye-*** iyasebenza kulesi sikali.
3 Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe
3. Ibanga kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi engangeni ekushiseni
Indlela yokuqokwa yensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ihambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-GB/T5612, ehlukaniswe ngamamaki ayi-11.
Ibanga nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kuboniswa kuThebula 1.
Ithebula 1. Ibanga kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi engangeni ekushiseni
3.2 Ubukhulu beJiyomethri, imvume yomshini kanye nokubekezelela isisindo
I-geometry kanye nosayizi wokubunjwa kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zomdwebo. Ukubekezelela kobukhulu kanye nesibonelelo somshini kuzohambisana ne-GB/T6414 futhi ukuchezuka kwesisindo kuzohambisana ne-GB/T 11351.
3.3 Ikhwalithi Yobuso
3.3.1 Ubulukhuni bendawo yokulingisa buzohambisana nokuchazwa kwe-GB/ T6061.1, futhi izinga lesikali lizovunyelwa yizinhlangothi zombili.
3.3.2 Ama-castings kufanele ahlanzwe, izingxenye ezingasasebenzi kufanele zisikwe, futhi okusele kwesikhuphukeli esithelayo, ithambo lomgogodla, isihlabathi sobumba kanye nomgodi ongaphakathi kuzosuswa. Ukulingisa kuzohambisana nezidingo zomdwebo womthengi, izimfuneko zobuchwepheshe noma isivumelwano se-oda phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.
3.3.3 Ifomu, inombolo, usayizi kanye nendawo yeziphambeko okuvunyelwene ngazo endleleni yokuphonsa, ukulungiseka kanye nokulungisa kuyovunyelwa yizinhlangothi zombili.
3.4 Umsebenzi wemishini
Izakhiwo zikagesi zokubunjwa kwezinga lokushisa legumbi zizohambisana nencazelo kuThebula 2, futhi izici zesikhashana zokushisa okuphezulu ziboniswa kuSithasiselo A.
3.5 Ukwelashwa Kokushisa
Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kokushisa kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kususwe ingcindezi eyinsalela yensimbi engavimbeli ukushisa ye-silicon kanye nochungechunge lwe-aluminium. Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-pearlite yensimbi evikela ukushisa ye-silicon key series ingaphansi kuka-15%, ukwelashwa kokushisa akukwazi ukwenziwa. Kwamanye amabhrendi, uma kudingwa umfakisicelo, ukwelashwa kokushisa ukuze kuqedwe ingcindezi eyinsalela kuzokwenziwa ngokuvumelana nesisekelo soku-oda.
Imibandela yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ikhonjiswe kuSithasiselo B
3.6 Isakhiwo se-Metallographic
Isakhiwo se-metallographic sensimbi esakazwayo engazweli ukushisa sizochazwa ngokuya nge-GB/T 9441 kanye ne-GB/T 7216, futhi izidingo ezinemininingwane zizovunyelwana ngazo zombili izinhlangothi. Isakhiwo se-matrix se-silicon engamelana nokushisa kwensimbi eyi-ferrite ikakhulukazi.
3.7 I-Anti-oxidation, umsebenzi ophikisana nokukhula kanye ne-coefficient yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal
Emazingeni okushisa esevisi, izinga lokuzuza kwesisindo se-oxidation elilinganayo lensimbi eqinile ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ayikho ngaphezu kuka-0.5 g/m2 · h, futhi izinga lokukhula alikho ngaphezu kuka-0.2%. Umsebenzi we-anti-oxidation kanye ne-anti-ukukhula wensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kanye ne-coefficient yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal ayisetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokwamukelwa.
3.8 Izidingo Ezikhethekile
Uma lowo odingayo enezidingo zokuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, njll., ofunayo kanye nomfakisicelo bazoxoxisana futhi basebenzise ngokuvumelana ne-GB/T 9494, GB/T 7233 kanye ne-GB/T 5677 ngokulandelana.
4 Indlela yokuhlola
4.1 Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali
4.1.1 Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kungenziwa ngokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali okuvamile noma ukufundwa okuqondile kwe-photoelectric ukufundwa kwe-spectroscopic.
4.1.2 Izindlela zesampula zokuhlaziya amakhemikhali ezivamile zizocaciswa ku-GB/T 20066.
4.1.3 Indlela yesampula ye-Spectrum izokwenziwa ngokuvumelana ne-GB/T 5678 kanye ne-GB/T 14203. Indlela yokuhlaziya i-spectral izokwenziwa ngokuvumelana nokucaciswa kwe-GB/T 20125.
4.1.4 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-arbitrate ye-carbon, i-silicon, i-manganese, isulfure ne-phosphorus ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali yi-GB/T 20123 noma i-GB/T223.69,GB/ T223.60 kanye ne-GB/T ngokulandelanayo Ukwenziwa kwemingcele engu-223.58 noma i-GB/T223. 64,GB/T223.3 noma GB/T223.59 noma GB/T223.61,GB/T223.68; I-Chromium, i-aluminium, i-aluminium yokuhlaziya i-arbitration ngokulandelana ngokuya nge-GB/T223.11 noma i-GB/T223.12, GB/T223.26, GB/T223.28 inqamula ukubulawa.
4.2 Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemishini
4.2.1 Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa kwegumbi kwe-HTRCr, HTRCr2, HTRSi5 namanye amabanga, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwamasampula, kuzokwenziwa ngokuvumelana nokucaciswa kwe-GB/T228.
4.2.2 Ukuhlolwa kwemishini kwe-ayina ebamba ukushisa engashisi kanye ne-HTRCr16 kumazinga okushisa asekamelweni kuzokwenziwa ngokuya nge-GB/T228.
4.2.3 Ukuqina kwensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kuzonqunywa ngokuya nge-GB/T231.1.
4.2.4 Amandla okuqina wesikhathi esifushane okushisa aphezulu ensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa azonqunywa ngokuya nge-GB/T4338.
4. 3 Ibhulokhi yokuhlola, isampula
4.3.1 Umumo nosayizi webhulokhi yokuhlola emise okuka-Y esetshenziswa ekuhlolweni okuqinile kwe-QTRSi4,QTRSi5, QTR5i4Mo, QTRSi4Mo1,QTRA14Si4, QTRA15Si5 kuboniswe ku-FIG.1 kanye neThebula 3 (umugqa oblique ku-FIG.1 indawo yesampula esikiwe). Uhlobo B ngokuvamile luyakhethwa. Amabhulokhi okuhlola ku-Appendix C nawo angasetshenziswa. Umumo nosayizi webhulokhi yokuhlola yokusika eyodwa elula ye-QTRA122 ne-HTRCr16
4.3.2 Amajamo nosayizi bamasampuli aqinile asetshenziswa amabhrendi ensimbi edonsa amanzi angangeni ekushiseni kanye namabhrendi e-HTRCr16 akhonjisiwe ku-FIG.3 kanye neThebula lesi-4.
4.3.3 Amabhulokhi okuhlola azogcwaliswa nge-ayina ewuketshezi efanayo naleyo yokugaywa futhi athululwe ekupheleni kwenqubo, futhi imodi yokupholisa izohambisana ngokusemandleni nokusakazwa.
4.3.4 Izinga lokushisa lokupakisha lamabhulokhi okuhlola akufanele lidlule ku-500 ° C
4.3.5 Kuvunyelwene ngokuthatha isampula elinamathiselwe kubhlokhi yokuphonsa noma ngokuqondile ekulingiseni, futhi inani lokwamukelwa lizovunyelwa yizinhlangothi zombili.
4.4 Ukuhlolwa Kokumelana Ne-oxidation kanye Nokumelana Nokukhula Ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokukhula kwensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kuzokwenziwa ngokuvumelana Nesithasiselo D kanye Nesithasiselo E.
4.5 I-Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Test Indlela yokuhlola ye-coefficient yokwanda kwe-thermal yenziwa ku-Appendix F.
4.6 Ukwelashwa Kokushisa
Ngokungeziwe ekususeni ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi kokusakazwa, uma noma yikuphi okunye ukwelashwa kokushisa kwenziwa kuma-castings, amabhulokhi okuhlola azophinde aphathwe ngokushisa esithandweni esifanayo noma inqubo.
Iyunithi: imilimitha
5 Imithetho Yokwamukela
5.1 Ukwakheka kweqoqo lamasampula
5.1.1 Ama-castings akhiqizwa isikhunta esihlanganisiwe azohlanganisa inqwaba yamasampula.
5.1.2 Isisindo senqwaba yesampula ngayinye singama-2000 kg wokubunjwa ngemva kokuhlanza. Iqoqo lamasampula lingashintshwa njengoba kuvunyelwene ngazo zombili izinhlangothi.
5.1.3 Uma isisindo sokulingwa sikhulu kuno-2000 kg, kuzokwenziwa iqoqo lesampula elihlukile.
5.1.4 Uma kwenzeka kuba noshintsho ekuphathweni, ushintsho endaweni yenqubo noma ushintsho ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali okudingekayo phakathi nesikhathi esithile, konke ukubunjwa okuthelwa ngensimbi encibilikisiwe kuncibilika ngokuqhubekayo phakathi naleso sikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhathi sifushane kangakanani. isikhathi, sizothathwa njengesampula yenkatho eyodwa.
5.1.5 Uma amanani amakhulu ensimbi encibilikisiwe yezinga elifanayo lincibilika ngokuqhubekayo, isisindo esihlobene sesampula ngayinye akufanele seqe isisindo sokubunjwa okuthelwe phakathi kwamahora ama-2.
5. 1.6 Le nqwaba yensimbi encibilikisiwe ingasetshenziswa njengeqoqo lesampula lapho isisindo sensimbi encibilikisiwe singaphansi kuka-2000 kg.
5.1.7 Njengoba kuvunyelwene yizinhlangothi zombili, amaqoqo amaningana okulingisa nawo angamukelwa eqenjini.
Kulokhu, kufanele kube nezinye izindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi enqubweni yokukhiqiza, njengokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okusheshayo, ukugcinwa kwe-metallographic, ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi, ukugcinwa kokuphuka, njll., futhi kwafakazela ngempela ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-nodulation akuyona isiphithiphithi, ngokuhambisana ne izidingo zenqubo.
Qaphela: Ngokulingisa okufakwe ukushisa, inqwaba yesampula izothathwa ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle uma ukulingisa kunqwaba kuhluke kakhulu ngesakhiwo. Kulokhu, lokhu kulingisa okuhluke kakhulu kuhlanganisa inqwaba yesampula.
5.2 Ukusampula Kokwakheka Kwekhemikhali Iqoqo ngalinye lamasampula kufanele lihlaziywe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, futhi imiphumela yokuhlaziya izohlangabezana nezimfuneko ezikuThebula 1. Uma ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuhlukile, vumela inani lamasampuli aphindwe kabili ukuze ahlaziywe kabusha kanye, isampula ifaneleka kuphela uma ifaneleka ngokugcwele.
5.3 Usayizi wokulingisa amasampula
Ubukhulu, i-geometry kanye nobukhulu bobuso bokubunjwa kokuqala kanye nokubunjwa okubalulekile kufanele kuhlolwe esiqeshini ngasinye. Indlela yokuhlola indawo izovunyelwa yizinhlangothi zombili.
5.4 Ukuhlolwa kwesampula kwekhwalithi yokubukeka
Ikhwalithi yokubukeka kwe-castings kufanele ihlolwe ngokubukeka kancane kancane.
5.5 Ukusampula nokuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini, i-metallography, ukumelana nokukhula Izakhiwo zomshini zensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ezingeni lokushisa elilingana negumbi kufanele zihlolwe ngenqwaba. Izakhiwo zemishini yezinye insimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ekamelweni lokushisa kanye nesakhiwo se-metallurgical, ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokukhula kwazo zonke izinhlobo zizohlolwa ngokuvumelana nesisekelo soku-oda. Izici zemishini zokushisa kwegumbi zamukelwa ngokusekelwe emandleni aqinile. Uma ukuhlolwa kokuqina kuyadingeka ngaphambi koku-oda, kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zeThebula 2. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isithando somlilo noma inombolo yephakheji ye-casting iyafana naleyo yenduku yokuhlola, isithando somlilo noma inombolo yephakheji kufanele imakwe ngokucacile. indawo engabalulekile phakathi kwesampula nokulingisa.
5.6 Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemishini
Lapho uhlola amandla okudonsa, uma umphumela wokuhlolwa wesampula yokuqina uhluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, futhi ungabangelwa izizathu ezibalwe ku-5.7, ezinye izifanekiso ezimbili ezivela kuqeqebana elihlanganisiwe zingathathwa ukuze zihlolwe futhi.
Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kabusha ihlangabezana nezidingo, impahla yaleli qoqo lokulingisa isafaneleka. Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa kabusha usahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, inqwaba yokulingisa izokwahlulelwa kuqala njengokuhlukaniswa kwezinto. Ngalesi sikhathi, okukodwa kokulingisa kungathathwa eqeqebeni, futhi isampula yomzimba ingasikwa endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo yizo zombili izinhlangothi zokuhlolwa komshini. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ihlangabezana nezidingo, okulingisayo kusengahlulelwa njengokufanelekile; Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa wesampula yomzimba usahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko, i-** ekugcineni inquma ukuthi okokusebenza kokusakaza kwale nqwaba kuyi-lattice ehlukanisiwe.
5. 7 Ukuba semthethweni kokuhlolwa
Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingahlangabezani nezidingo, hhayi ngenxa yekhwalithi yokusakaza ngokwayo, kodwa ngenxa yesinye sezizathu ezilandelayo, ukuhlolwa akuvumelekile.
a) Ukulayishwa okungalungile kwesampula emshinini wokuhlola noma ukusebenza okungalungile komshini wokuhlola.
b) Kukhona amaphutha okufogi endaweni yesampula noma ukusikwa okungafanele kwesampula (njengosayizi wesampula, i-transition fillet, ubuhhadlahhadla abuhlangabezani nezimfuneko, njll.).
c) Isifanekiso se-Tensile siyaphuka ngaphandle kwebanga elijwayelekile.
d) Kukhona amaphutha abalulekile wokubumba ekuqhekekeni kwesampula esiqinile.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, isampula entsha izokwenziwa kusukela kubhulokhi yokuhlola efanayo noma isampula izocutshungulwa kabusha kusukela kunqwaba yeyunifomu yebhulokhi yokuhlola etheliwe ukuze ihlolwe futhi, futhi umphumela wokuhlolwa kabusha uzothatha indawo yomphumela wokuhlola okungavumelekile.
5.8 Ukwelashwa ngokushisisa kwamabhulokhi okuhlola kanye nokulingwa
Ngaphandle uma kunezidingo ezikhethekile, uma ukulingwa kunikezwa njengokulingwa kanye nokusebenza komshini kokulingisa kungahambisani nalesi sikali, umphakeli angakwazi, ngemvume ye-Demander, aphathe ukulingwa kanye namabhulokhi okuhlola abese ephinda futhi. -zihlole. Uma ukulingisa kufakwe ukushisa futhi umsebenzi womshini uhlukene, umphakeli angakwazi ukushisisa kabusha ukulingwa kanye namabhulokhi okuhlola wokulingisa ndawonye. Futhi uhambise futhi ukuze wamukelwe. Uma isampula ecutshungulwe kusukela kubhulokhi yokuhlola ephathwe ngokushisa ifaneleka, inqwaba ibhekwa njengokuphathwa ngokushisa okuphindaphindiwe.
Umsebenzi wengxenye uhambisana nalesi sikali.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa okuphindaphindiwe kokuhlolwa kabusha akufanele kudlule izikhathi ezimbili.
Uma kungekho sidingo esicacile endaweni, usayizi (usayizi, ubude, i-convex kanye ne-concave) kanye nendlela yophawu, umphakeli kanye nomphakeli bazovumelana. Nokho, ukumaka akumele konakalise ikhwalithi yokulingisa. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-castings aphumelele ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa, izindlela zokuvimbela ukugqwala, ukupakisha kanye nezindlela zokugcina kuzovunyelwa yizinhlangothi zombili. Kukhona igebe elanele phakathi kwamasampula abekwe esithandweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana okuhle phakathi komoya esithandweni kanye nendawo eyisampula. Izikulufu zokulinganisa ezimbili zingafakwa kuzo zombili iziphetho zesampula, ubukhulu bazo obuboniswe kuMfanekiso D.2. (Uma zingekho izikulufu zokulinganisa ezidingekayo, ubuso bokugcina besampula bungagqitshwa nge-chromium noma i-nickel...
Isitifiketi semaki nekhwalithi
6. 1 Imidwebo izomakwa ngumphakeli.
6. 2 Uma kungekho sidingo esicacile endaweni, ubukhulu (usayizi, ubude, i-convex kanye ne-concave) kanye nendlela yophawu, zombili izinhlangothi zizovumelana. Nokho, ukumaka akumele konakalise ikhwalithi yokulingisa.
6. 3 Isitifiketi sekhwalithi sophawu lokuhlola lomphakeli sizonanyathiselwa ekubumbeni ngaphambi kokulethwa, futhi okuqukethwe kwesitifiketi kuzofaka okuqukethwe okulandelayo:
a) Igama noma uphawu lomphakeli;
b) Inombolo yengxenye noma inombolo yenkontileka ye-oda;
C) Uphawu lwezinto ezibonakalayo;
d) Imiphumela yesondlo;
e) Inombolo yesikali.
Ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ukupakisha nokugcina
7.1 Izindlela zokuvimbela ukugqwala, ukupakishwa kanye nezindlela zokugcinwa kokulingisa kuzovunyelwana ngazo zombili izinhlangothi ngemuva kokuthi ukulingisa sekuhloliwe futhi sekufanelekile.
7.2 Okwama-castings athuthwa amabanga amade, izinhlangothi zombili zizovumelana ngokupakishwa kanye nezindlela zokuhamba ngokuya ngemithetho yezokuthutha.
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha kanye nezidingo zomthetho nezokulawula
Zombili izinhlangothi zizothobela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha kanye nemithetho kanye nemithethonqubo yamazwe afanele ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukwamukelwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokuthutha.
Indlela yokuhlola yokumelana nokukhula kwe-iron ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa
Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukumelana nokukhula kwensimbi ehlukahlukene engamelana nokushisa endaweni yokushisa ephezulu yomoya.
D.1 Izidingo eziyisisekelo zemishini yokuhlola kanye nezakhiwo ngokumelene nokukhula
D.1.1 Isithando somlilo sokuhlola ukumelana nokukhula sizohlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
a) Kukhona umshini ozenzakalelayo wokulungisa izinga lokushisa, ukunemba kwawo okungu-5℃;
b) Umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwephoyinti ngalinye endaweni yokusabalalisa isampula esithandweni akumele udlule u-5℃;
c) Gcina umoya we-oxidation owanele esithandweni somlilo.
D.1.2 Kukhona imvume eyanele phakathi kwamasampula abekwe esithandweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana okuhle phakathi komoya osesithandweni kanye nobuso bamasampula.
D.1.3 Ngemva kokuba isampula lilayishwe esithandweni, isikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa esithandweni lifinyelela izinga lokushisa elishiwo kuzobhekwa njengesiqalo sokuhlolwa, nesikhathi lapho isikhathi sokuhlola esishiwo sesiphelile futhi isithando somlilo siyeka ukusebenza ( noma ekhipha isampula) kuzothathwa njengokuphela kokuhlolwa.
D.2 Ngaphandle kwesampula
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-08-2023
