UGiovanni F. Akola, uFranco Cardini, uDomenico Del Niro, uGiordano Bruno Gehry, uGennaro Margiri, uGennaro San Giuliano, uMirella Seri, uMarcelo Veneziani.
Phakathi kwenoveli, isincoko kunye nenkumbulo yincwadi kaChristopher Ross, Ikrele laseMishima (iGuanda, amaphepha angama-281, ii-euro ezingama-17.00) esetyenziselwa isenzo sakhe esigqithisileyo. Inomdla kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, iyathuthunjiswa, inzima kwaye ingenawo incwadi enomtsalane, engqina ngokuhamba kwexesha indlela ushicilelo lweMishimian kuncwadi lwangoku kunye neengcinga ephila kakhulu kwaye eneneni nakwi de ingounsi,ondo. Into esele inento yokwenza noMishima sisenzo sakhe sokugqibela, esenziwa ngoNovemba 25, 1970, phantse ibe yincutshe yoncwadi ngaphambi kokuba ibe yinto ekhoyo kunye nezopolitiko: i-sp. jikelele awayenenjongo yokukhumbula ilizwe lakhe kwintshabalalo yeminyaka elishumi yezithethe, kwingqiqo enzulu yombono wobomi ababelahlekelwa ngabantu bakowabo.
UMaria Teresa Orsi, kwintshayelelo yomqulu weMeridiani, enyanisweni, uthi ngaphandle kokuhlazeka ukuba uMishima "umele isithethe saseJapan esinyanisekileyo". Kodwa kwangaxeshanye uyaqonda ukuba ukwangoyena mbhali wale mihla welizwe lakhe owathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngaphambi kokuba inkwenkwezi ye-Oe Kenzaburo ibonakale, wakwazi ukuhlanganisa umphefumlo wakhe wasempumalanga kunye nokufunyaniswa kwempuma kunye nokufana kwasempumalanga kunye ' ukulinganisa okusempuma kunye nokufaniswa kwempuma kunye nokuthatyathwa kwehlelo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yephephandaba likabani leMibongo».
Umbhida? Kuphela kwimbonakalo. Enyanisweni, ingqiqo yobuhle, njengoko igxininiswe ngumbhali wakhe obaluleke kakhulu, kunye nomhlobo wakhe omkhulu, uHenry Scott Stokes (Ubomi kunye nokufa kukaYukio Mishima, ed. Lindau), owahlakulela i-chefin et dalàprice, ufana ne-Emotional Ubudala isiseko senkcubeko yaseNtshona, ngakumbi isiGrike. Yiyo loo nto uMishima enokuthi, ngokufanelekileyo, azithathe njengombhali weeHlabathi ezimbini, itoliki yesiko leHlabathi liphela, nesimbo sakhe sinokuqondwa ngabantu baseYurophu awafunda kubo kakhulu, ngakumbi «uRaydel maeoneche Baufrequentman, uRaydel noRaydel an, uRadel. kunye noFriedrich Nietzsche. "I-West - i-Orsi iphawulwe - iphinda ifowune ngokukhawuleza, efuna ukuba sijongane nayo, sihlolisise ukuba ingakanani na ithuba lengxoxo kwaye mhlawumbi isivumelwano sikhona". Iinoveli ziyayingqina le ngcinga. Kwaye, ngokwesitayile, zichanekile ngenxa yesi sizathu abanye bajongwa "njengehlazo", abaqambi besiko loncwadi abathi, de kwavela ukubonakala kukaMishima kwindawo, babe noJunikisunro Tanizaki kunye noYayaari Kawabata njengeengongoma zabo zokubhekisa.
Enye "ihlazo" yayikukufa kwakhe ngokuzithandela eneminyaka engamashumi amane anesihlanu, ubudala bokuhlwayela kwabanye, kuye ixesha lokuvuna okuvuthiweyo kunye nokukrakra okukrakra: wayesele enze yonke into, akazange afumane abanye ekupheleni , ofanele ukuthanda isithethe selizwe lakhe nokuhambelana ngokugqithisileyo noko wayekuxhase kuyo yonke imibhalo yakhe. Ayenzeki nje into yokuba ngaphambi kokuba athathe ubomi bakhe kwangaloo ntsasa wathumela umpapashi wakhe inxalenye yokugqibela yoLwandle lweNzala yetetralogy: ngaphezu kwenoveli eqhelekileyo, itestamente.
Ubomi bokomoya noboncwadi bukaMishima buhambelana neyona nto iphambili yenkcubeko yaseJapan, ngamanye amaxesha, njengoko bekutshiwo, iwela ngeengcebiso zaseNtshona. EJapan, umbhali wabonisa abangeneleli bakhe, kwakukho ugxininiso olukhulu kwizobugcisa, ezifanekiselwa ngumfanekiso wechrysanthemum, kunokuba kwiinkalo zemfazwe ezimelelwe ngekrele. kule yahlulwe ngokucacileyo yayisekelwe ekungaqondwani kwabantu bexesha langaphambili ukuya kwisithethe saseJapan esasisekelwe kwindawo "engummangaliso" ukuhlalisana kwezi zihlandlo zimbini. UMishima wazama ukunyanga lo msantsa. Kwaye waqala kwangoko, eneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala, ukufumana ungcwaliso loncwadi xa wayengaphezulu kancinane kunenkwenkwe. Yayiyi-Confessions yeMask (1949) eyamenza wabonwa njengenkwenkwezi ekhulayo yoncwadi lwaseJapan: "Umsebenzi obalaseleyo wentlungu kunye nexesha elifanayo le-atony", ngokutsho kukaMargherite Yourcenar. Le noveli yingxelo engobomi bengqondo yesizukulwana esithwaxwa ngumnqweno onzulu wokurhoxiswa kwangaxeshanye kukutsaleleka okunganelisekiyo. I-synthesis, ngokufutshane, yobizo lukaMishima owakwazi ukudibanisa uthando kunye nokufa kwisakhelo sobuhle bomntu.
Kwandula ke kwalandela ezinye iincwadi, ezinjengethi, Ukunxanelwa Uthando, Imibala Engavunyelwayo, Ilizwi Lamaza, iThe Golden Pavilion. Kwizinto ezimbini zokugqibela ze-nihilism kunye nenkolo, ukuvakalelwa okumangalisayo kobomi, ukuphakanyiswa kobuhle kunye nengqiqo yokuhlanjululwa zizinto ezisukelana kwaye zityhila umphefumlo ongaphumliyo ochaza indlela yawo eya kwi-Destiny, indlela yayo eya kwi-Destiny yeTradiché racco rest. , indlela yakhe eya kwi-Destiny of Tradition, oko kukuthi, iTradisia, kwinkumbulo yobuhle yabantu, umbhali okanye umlo? Umbuzo uvela ngexesha lokuguquka kobomi bukaMishima.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-1960 wayemele "ukubandezeleka kwemilinganiselo" kuluntu lwaseJapan olwalulahlekelwa ngumphefumlo walo. IJapan yayingasaziqondi, ukonakala kwezithethe kwakuxhaphakile, akukho migaqo yokomoya igcinwe. Kule meko, inoveli ethi After the Banquet yaqala ukumila, eyaphawula ukungena kukaMishima kwezopolitiko. Ngale ncwadi, eneneni, umbhali walugxeka kabukhali urhwebo lwamahashe onyulo apho abezopolitiko kunye nezithethe zodidi oluphakathi oluphezulu zazibandakanya. Impumelelo awayizuzayo yambuyekeza ngokuyinxenye uMishima ngenxa yemidlalo ethile yangaphambili kwaye yamqinisekisa ukuba kukho into etshintshileyo kwilizwe lakhe. Ke waqala ukukhangela ngononophelo ngaphandle kwakhe, efumanisa ilizwe elikwisiphithiphithi esinomkhuhlane, ligqitywe ziingxelo ezibonisa umnqweno wokoyisa ixesha lasemva kwemfazwe kube kanye.
Emangalisiwe, uMishima waphawula ukuba kwakuvela uluvo eJapan olwaluchasa loo nxalenye yoMgaqo-siseko eyayifuna ilizwe liwancame amalungelo alo omkhosi. Ukuchasa okuye kwasondela kumvukelo xa, ngoMeyi ka-1960, kwagqitywa iSivumelwano soKhuseleko saseJapan-Amerika esingagunyaziswanga kangako intsebenziswano yasemkhosini phakathi kwemimoya emibini yaseMelika, kodwa endaweni yoko yagunyazisa iminyaka yasemkhosini e-USA kwaye yaqinisekisa ukurhoxa kwayo yonke imfazwe. . Ukutshintshiselana nabo, iUnited States yathembisa ukunika iJapan ukhuseleko lomkhosi. Abantu abaninzi baseJapan basabela kwiSovietly xa kwasayinwa iSivumelwano: udushe lwenzeka kulo lonke ilizwe. UMishima wayekunye nabavukeli.
Izidubedube zavuselela ukucinga kwakhe kwaye zamtyhala ukuba abhale i-Patriotism, elinye lawona mabali akhe amnandi kwaye aphumeleleyo, apho iBushido aesthetics kunye ne-ethics, idityaniswe ne-sensualism kunye ne-strapiffin kunye ne-eroticism eyimpumelelo kunye nomatiloshe, isasibetha namhlanje ngobuhle kunye neenkcukacha. izinto ezigqobhoza umongo wobugorha bokwenyani. Ukuthand' izwe kwaphenjelelwa sisiganeko se-Ni Ni Roku kaFebruwari 26, 1936, xa intshukumo yamagosa aselula yalungiselela ukuvukela inxalenye yomkhosi ngokuchasene nenkqubo ethobela iimfuno ze; ixesha lovukelo Imperial restaruzione erae , uhlobo lwe "revolution conservative". Amagosa amancinci angamashumi amabini ahlala kwindawo yoBuphathiswa ekufuphi ne-Imperial Palace kwaye acela ukurhoxa kwi-Governmento enobuqhophololo kunye nobuqhophololo bokuCinga ngokuthethelelwa kwawo onke amandla omkhosi ngumlawuli.
Esi sibhengezo sakhatywa ngu-Hiro Hito, ngokungalindelekanga, kuba, kwathiwa, sivela kwimibutho efanayo yezoqoqosho-yemali apho amagosa aselula aye aqhuba i-coup d'état yabo ebuthathaka. Kwakhona umlawuli wayalela umkhosi ukuba uphelise loo mvukelo. UMishima wayenomdla kwibali elingemva apho walibeka khona ibali le-protagonist ye-Patriotism, u-lieutenant omncinci we-Imperial Guard, umhlobo wabavukeli, kodwa wagcinwa ebumnyameni ngabo malunga nelo yelenqe ngenxa yokuba wayekhathala. kuncinci malunga nelo qhinga kuba ngenxa yokuba wayezisola kakhulu wayenqwenela ukugcina ubomi bakhe kunye nomfazi wakhe.
I-Erotica, ubuqhawe kunye nokufa zaleqana kwakhona. Ezinye iinoveli apho umbhali waphakamisa ixabiso lokuthand’ izwe kunye nobuhle ukuya kwelona qondo liphezulu ziyinxalenye yendlela efanayo, njengeChrysanthemum yoSuku lweShumi kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke loo nto, Amazwi eMimoya yamaQhawe. Kweyesibini iMishima ichaza umsitho wentelekelelo wobuShinto apho imiphefumlo yamagosa aselula obhukuqo-mbuso olungaphumelelanga kunye naleyo yabaqhushumbisi abazibulalayo ithi ikhunjulwe. Abanye batyhola umlawuli ngokwala kwabo ukuvukela; abanye ngokungcatsha ukholo lwabo nedini labo xa wamkela iNingen Sengen, isibhengezo sokukhanyela ubume bakhe bobuthixo. Kudliwano-ndlebe olwanikwa kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba azibulale ngokwakhe kumbhali wamakomanisi uFurubayashi Takasashi, uMishima wathi: «Ndicinga ukuba abantu nabo bafuna iAbsolute. Andiqondi ukuba inokwaneliswa kuphela zizinto ezihambelanayo. Makhe sijonge kwimbali yaseJapan kwaye ifana nale. IJapan namhlanje iphila kwirelativism egqibeleleyo, kodwa le yinto yakutshanje, ethatha iminyaka nje elishumi. Ukuba siyithelekisa nembali yethu ende, lixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko i-substance yale relativism ayinelisi. Ke ngoko namhlanje umdla kwintanda-bulumko, ubuBhuda, obungeyiyo enye into ngaphandle komnqweno we-Absolute, uya ukhula. Andikholelwa ukuba abantu baseJapan banokuzanelisa ngolonwabo lokujonga izinto ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
UMishima akajongelwa phantsi amandla e-relativism ekubhangiseni abantu ngokomoya. Ngoko ke inkolelo yakhe yokuba inkcubeko, yaye ingakumbi uncwadi, akwazi ukuvusa iimpawu "Japaneseness" yamkhokelela ukuba agxininise ixabiso ngokuziphatha-ukwakha Tradition xa Bushidoella sele i segendo uvavanyo, ecetywayo kwakhona Bushidoella sele i segendo, kwakhona isindululo kwi equlethe undoqo wayo: Hagakure Jamamoto Jocho kaThixo. Kodwa kwakhona ukunika ubomi kwiShield Association (Tate no Kai) ephefumlelwe ngokomoya, ukuthanda ilizwe kunye neenjongo zobugorha zesiko laseJapan.
Phakathi kwe-1965 kunye ne-1970, uMishima wavala ngobuchule ukumelwa komlinganiso phakathi kweChrysanthemum kunye nekrele kubugcisa bakhe bokubhala, uLwandle lweNzala, itetralogy kuluntu lwaseJapan, izinto zomoya onokubakho. Iinoveli ezine zomjikelo-Ikhephu laseNtwasahlobo, aMahashe aBalekayo, iTempile yokusa, iNgelosi eBolayo-ithetha ingcamango yokuphindukuzalwa. Kodwa kumqulu wesibini wetetralogy, iHorses on the Run, uMishima uvakalisa izimvo zakhe zezopolitiko nezonqulo ngezafobe ezisebenzayo nangendlela eqaqambileyo, ezibeka kwakhona ngokuchasene nemvelaphi
Ekupheleni kohambo lwakhe lolwandle uMishima wafumana uLwandle Olukhulu awayeza kuhamba ngalo ekunye nemiphefumlo emininzi yaseJapan awayeyivusele ebomini kumsebenzi wakhe woncwadi. Kwakukho isihlwele esinesiphithiphithi, esingabonakaliyo ngoNovemba 25, 1970 "Phila ixesha elide uMlawuli": Tenno heika banzai! Into engaphaya kokuhlonipha okusesikweni. Phantse umthandazo.
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