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Pakati pechinyorwa, chinyorwa uye ndangariro ibhuku raChristopher Ross, Munondo weMishima (Guanda, 281 mapeji, 17.00 euros) akashandiswa kuita kwake kwakanyanya. Inonakidza uye, dzimwe nguva, inorwadzisa, isinganzwisisiki uye isina bhuku rerunako, iro rinopupurira nekufamba kwenguva kuti Mishimian inodhindwa sei pamabhuku emazuva ano uye mazano ari mupenyu uye zvechokwadi kunyange kubva ku de ingounsi,ondo. Chinosara chine chekuita naMishima chiitiko chake chekupedzisira, chakaitwa muna Mbudzi 25, 1970, ingangoita hunyanzvi hwekunyora isati yave iripo uye kunyangwe yezvematongerwo enyika: iyo sp. mukuru waaida kuyeuchidza nyika yake kukuparadzwa kwemakumi emakore ekurasikirwa kwetsika, kune pfungwa huru yechiratidzo chehupenyu icho vekwake vakanga vachirasikirwa.
Maria Teresa Orsi, munhanganyaya yeMeridiani vhoriyamu, kutaura zvazviri, anotaura pasina kunyara kuti Mishima "inomiririra tsika dzechiJapan dzechokwadi". Asi panguva imwecheteyo anoziva kuti ndiyewo munyori wemazuva ano wenyika yake uyo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nyeredzi yaOe Kenzaburo isati yaonekwa, akakwanisa kuyananisa mweya wake wekumabvazuva nekufananidzwa kwekumabvazuva nekufananidzwa kwekumabvazuva ne " kufananidzwa kwekumabvazuva nekufananidzwa kwekumabvazuva nekufananidzwa kwechitendero chikamu chakakosha chepepanhau reNhetembo".
A gangaidzo? Chitarisiko chete. Muchokwadi, pfungwa yekuzvarwa yerunako, sezvakatsanangurwa neanonyanya kukosha munyori wehupenyu, pamwe neshamwari yake huru, Henry Scott Stokes (Hupenyu uye Rufu rwaYukio Mishima, ed. Lindau), uyo akarima chefin et dalàprice, inonyanya kufanana Emotional. Zera hwaro hweWestern classical tsika, kunyanya Greek. Uye ichi ndicho chikonzero Mishima anogona, nenzira kwayo, kuzviona semunyori weNyika mbiri, muturikiri wetsika yepasi rose, ane manyorerwo anogonawo kunzwisiswa nevaEurope vaakadzidza zvakawanda kubva kwavari, kunyanya «Raydel maeoneche Baufrequentman, Raydel naRaydel an, Radel. uye Friedrich Nietzsche. "Kumadokero - Orsi akacherekedza - zvakare kufona nekukurumidza, izvo zvinoda kuti tiite nazvo, kuongorora kusvika papi mukana wekukurukurirana uye pamwe chibvumirano chiripo". Manovhero anosimbisa kufunga uku. Uye, nemaitiro, ivo chaizvo nekuda kweichi chikonzero vamwe vanoonekwa se "zvinonyadzisa", vagadziri vezvinyorwa zvechinyakare izvo, kusvika pakuonekwa kwaMishima pachiitiko ichi, vaive naJunikisunro Tanizaki naYayaari Kawabata semanongedzo avo.
Chimwe "chinonyadzisa" chaiva rufu rwake rwokuzvidira pazera remakore makumi mana nemashanu, nguva yekudyara kune vamwe, kwaari nguva yekukohwa kwakaibva uye kwakaoma zvikuru: akanga atoita zvose, haana kuwana vamwe vanoguma , akakodzera rudo rwetsika yenyika yake uye yekunyatsopindirana nezvaakanga atsigira muzvinyorwa zvake zvose. Hazvisi zvetsaona kuti asati atora hupenyu hwake mangwanani iwayo akatumira muparidzi wake chikamu chekupedzisira cheGungwa reKubereka tetralogy: kupfuura chinyorwa chakajairika, testamende.
Hupenyu hwemweya uye hwekunyora hwaMishima hwakabatana nehunhu hwetsika dzechiJapan, dzimwe nguva, sezvakataurwa, zvakayambuka nemazano ekuMadokero. MuJapan, munyori akaratidzira kune avo vaipindirana naye, pakanga pane kusimbiswa kukuru kune unyanzvi, hunofananidzirwa nemufananidzo wechrysanthemum, pane pane zvehondo zvinomiririrwa nebakatwa. pamusoro peizvi zvakapatsanurwa zvakajeka kwakavakirwa kusanzwisiswa kwevanhu vepanguva imwe cheteyo kune tsika yechiJapan iyo yakanga iri panzvimbo yakavakirwa pa "nenji" kugarisana kwenguva mbiri. Mishima akatanga kurapa kusawirirana uku. Uye akatanga pakarepo, pazera remakore makumi maviri, kuwana rukudzo rwekunyora paakanga achangopfuura mukomana. Yakanga iri Confessions yeMask (1949) iyo yakaita kuti azivikanwe senyeredzi inosimuka yezvinyorwa zveJapan: "Inyanzvi yekushungurudzika uye panguva imwechete yeatony", maererano naMargherite Yourcenar. Iri novhero inhoroondo yehupenyu hwepfungwa yechizvarwa chakaputirwa nechishuwo chinopisa chekukanzura uye panguva imwe chete nekusagutsikana kukwezva. Iyo synthesis, muchidimbu, yezita raMishima pachake uyo akakwanisa kubatanidza kure rudo nerufu muchimiro cherunako rwemunhu.
Ipapo kwakauya mamwe mabhuku, akadai seNyota Yerudo, Mavara Akarambidzwa, Izwi reMafungu, The Golden Pavilion. Mune maviri ekupedzisira nihilism uye chinamato, kunoshamisa kunzwa kwehupenyu, kukwidziridzwa kwerunako uye pfungwa yekucheneswa zvimisikidzo zvinodzingirirana uye zvinoratidzira mweya usina zororo uri kutsanangura nzira yawo inoenda kune Destiny, nzira yayo inoenda kune Destiny yeTradiché racco zororo. , nzira yake yakananga kune Destiny of Tradition, ndiko kuti, Tradisia, mukuyeukwa kwekunaka kwevanhu, munyori kana murwi? Mubvunzo unomuka pakuchinja kwehupenyu hwaMishima.
Kusvikira 1960 akanga amiririra "kushungurudzika kwetsika" munharaunda yeJapan iyo yakanga ichirasikirwa nemweya wayo. Japan yakanga isingachazvizivi, ushati hwetsika hwakanga hwapararira, hapana nheyo dzomudzimu dzakachengetwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, bhuku rinonzi After the Banquet rakatanga, iro rairatidza kupinda kwaMishima mune zvematongerwo enyika. Nebhuku iri, chokwadi, munyori akazvidza zvakakasharara kutengeswa kwebhiza kwesarudzo uko vezvematongerwo enyika netsika dzevepamusoro vepakati vaibatikana. Kubudirira kwaakawana kwakabhadhara Mishima zvishoma nokuda kwefiasco yemamwe mabasa apfuura uye kwakamuita kuti abvume kuti chimwe chinhu chakanga chachinja munyika yake. Saka akatanga kutarisisa kunze kwake, achiwana nyika iri mumhirizhonga, yakayambuka nezvirevo zvairatidza chishuwo chekukunda nguva yepashure pehondo zvachose.
Achishamisika, Mishima akacherechedza kuti pfungwa yakanga ichiumbwa muJapan yaipikisa chikamu ichocho cheBumbiro reMitemo chaida kuti nyika irambe masimba ayo ehondo. Kupokana kwakaswedera pedyo nekumukira apo, muna Chivabvu 1960, Chibvumirano Chekuchengetedzwa kweJapan-America chakapedzwa icho chakarambidza kudyidzana kwemauto pakati pemhepo mbiri dzeAmerica, asi kubvumidza zera remauto kuUSA uye kwakasimbisa kuramba kupindira kwehondo yese. . Mukutsinhana, United States yakavimbisa kupa Japan dziviriro yehondo. Vazhinji vekuJapan vakaita seSovietly pakusaina Chibvumirano: mhirizhonga yakaitika munyika yese. Mishima aive aine mhirizhonga.
Mhirizhonga iyi yakamutsa fungidziro yake uye yakamusundira kuti anyore Kuda nyika, imwe yenyaya dzake dzakanakisa uye dzakabudirira, umo Bushido aesthetics uye etsika, zvakasanganiswa nesensualism uye strapiffin uye inobudirira eroticism uye mutyairi wengarava, zvichiri kutirova nhasi nekuda kwerunako uye ruzivo. zvinhu zvinobaya musimboti wehugamba hwechokwadi. Kuda nyika kwakafemerwa nechiitiko cheNi Ni Roku chaKukadzi 26, 1936, apo sangano revakuru vakuru vechidiki rakagadzirira kumukira kwechikamu chemauto vachipokana nehurongwa hunoteerera zvido zve; nguva yekumukira Imperial restaruzione erae , rudzi rwe "Conservative revolution". Vakuru vechidiki makumi maviri vakatora nzvimbo yeMinistries iri padyo neImperial Palace uye vakakumbira kusiya basa kwehuori uye hunyengeri Governmento Kufunga nekudzvinyirirwa kwemasimba ese emauto namambo.
Chiziviso chacho chakarambwa naHiro Hito, zvisingatarisirwi, nokuti, zvakanzi, chakabva mumativi mamwe chetewo ezvemari nezvemari ayo vakuru vakuru vechidiki vakanga varonga kurwisana kwavo kusina simba. Mambo akarayirawo mauto kuti amise kumukira kwacho. Mishima akafadzwa nenyaya iri kumashure kwaakaisa nyaya ye protagonist yePatriotism, mudiki wemauto eImperial Guard, shamwari yevapanduki, asi akachengetwa murima navo nezverangano nekuti nekuti aive nehanya nazvo. zvishoma nezverangano yacho nekuti nekuti aizvidemba zvakanyanya aida kuchengetedza hupenyu hwake uye aine mukadzi wake.
Erotica, hugamba uye rufu zvakadzingana zvakare. Mamwe manovhero umo munyori akakwidziridza hunhu hwekuda nyika uye runako kusvika padanho repamusoro chikamu chemaitiro akafanana, seThe Chrysanthemum yeZuva reGumi uye, pamusoro pezvose, Manzwi eMweya yeMagamba. Mune yechipiri Mishima inotsanangura mhemberero dzechiShinto zvokufungidzira umo mweya yevakuru vakuru vehurumende yakakundikana uye yevabhomba vakazviuraya inoyeukwa. Vamwe vanopomera mambo nokuda kwokuramba kubvuma kumukira kwavo; vamwe vakanga vatengesa kutenda kwavo nechibairo chavo apo iye akagamuchira Ningen Sengen, ziviso yokuramba chimiro chake choumwari. Mubvunzurudzo yakapiwa nguva pfupi asati azviuraya kumunyori wemakominisiti Furubayashi Takasashi, Mishima akati: «Ndinofunga kuti vanhu vanotsvakawo Mhedziso. Handifungi kuti inogona kugutswa chete nezvinhu zvine relativistic. Ngatitarisei nhoroondo yeJapan uye zvakaita seizvi. Japan nhasi inogara mukuwirirana kwakakwana, asi ichi chiitiko chenguva pfupi yapfuura, chinotora makore gumi chete. Kana tikaienzanisa nenhoroondo yedu yakareba, inguva pfupi zvikuru. Uye mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, iyo relativism iyi haina kugutsa. Naizvozvo nhasi kufarira uzivi, Buddhism, iyo isiri chimwe chinhu kunze kweshuviro kune Mhedziso, iri kuwedzera kukura. Handitendi kuti vanhu veJapan vanogona kuzvigutsa nemufaro werelativism. "
Mishima haazvidzikisirwe kugona kwerelativism kutsakatisa vanhu pamweya. Naizvozvo kutenda kwake kuti tsika, uye kunyanya mabhuku, aigona kumutsa maitiro e "Japaneseness" akamuita kuti asimbise kukosha kwetsika-kuvaka kweTsika apo Bushidoella atova ini segendo bvunzo, achikurudzirazve Bushidoella kare i segendo, kurudzira zvakare mu iyo ine musimboti wayo: Jamamoto Jocho's Hagakure. Asi zvakare kupa hupenyu kuShield Association (Tate no Kai) yakafemerwa neyemweya, yekuda nyika uye magamba etsika dzechiJapan.
Pakati pa1965 na1970, Mishima akavhara zvine hungwaru kumiririrwa kwechiyero pakati peChrysanthemum neMunondo mune yake nyanzvi yekunyora, The Sea of Fertility, tetralogy panzanga yeJapan, zvinhu zvemweya unogoneka. Manovhero mana ekutenderera - Spring Snow, Runaway Horses, The Temple of Dawn, The Decaying Angel - zvinoreva pfungwa yekuzvarwa patsva. Asi muvhoriyamu yechipiri yetetralogy, Horses on the Run, Mishima anotaura pfungwa dzake dzezvematongerwo enyika nedzechitendero nemadimikira anoshanda kwazvo uye nenzira inon'aima, achivaisa zvakare kumashure kwe.
Pakupera kwekufamba kwake Mishima akawana Gungwa Guru raaizofamba nechikepe pamwe chete nemweya mizhinji yeJapan iyo akanga aunza kuupenyu mubasa rake rekunyora. Paive nechaunga chainetsa, chisingaoneki musi waMbudzi 25, 1970 "Kurarama kwenguva refu Emperor": Tenno heika banzai! Chimwe chinhu chinopfuura rukudzo rwepamutemo. Unenge munyengetero.
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