Leli phepha lethula imfuneko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-valve uvemvane lwe-metal seal ku-valve yokushisa ephansi

Leli phepha lethula imfuneko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-valve uvemvane lwe-metal seal ku-valve yokushisa ephansi

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yesimanje ye-petrochemical, imboni yamakhemikhali yamalahle kanye nemboni yesiqandisi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-valve yokushisa okuphansi kuya ngokuya ngokuya, umthamo uya ngokuya ukhula. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okulungile nokunengqondo kwe-valve yokushisa okuphansi kubangela ukunaka kwabantu. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve okushisa aphansi ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwama-valve avamile, kunezidingo ezikhethekile okufanele uzinake.
Ama-valve e-Cryogenic ngokuvamile abhekisela kumavalvu asebenza emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka -29 ° C. Amanye ama-valve e-cryogenic akwazi ukuthutha amagesi anoketshezi (njenge-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo negesi yemvelo) emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku -196 ° C futhi asaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile.
With the decrease of the temperature of the working medium, the material and structure of the low temperature valve used are different from the conventional universal valve, especially the temperature valve (t Ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa lendawo yokusebenza, impahla kanye nesakhiwo se-valve yokushisa ephansi esetshenzisiwe ihlukile ku-valve evamile yendawo yonke, ikakhulukazi i-valve yokushisa (t Ukuze kuncishiswe ukugeleza kokushisa ezingxenyeni zokuvala ezivela ngaphandle, izingxenye zokusebenza kufanele zisuswe emzimbeni we-insulated. Ngakho intamo yebhonethi yevalve ye-cryogenic yinde kakhulu. ** I-valve yokushisa isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kusukela ekushiseni kwangaphandle kuya ekushiseni. Futhi yenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukuvalwa kwengxenye yokuvala kuvame ukuqinisekiswa yingcindezi yokuxhumana edingekayo eyakhiwe eringini yokuvala, kodwa uma amandla edivayisi yokudlulisela egxilile, amandla endandatho yokuvala angase ahluke ebangeni lokushisa elisebenzayo, yiqiniso, ukusebenza kwendandatho yokuvala uphawu, ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwe-polymeric material kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, i-valve efudumele inezidingo eziqinile eringini yokuvala, ngokuvamile ukukhetha i-hard alloy (STL) impahla ingcono.
I-valve yokushisa ilinganiselwe kakhulu ngesivinini sokuvula sokuvala. Naphezu kwezinyathelo ze-adiabatic, kusekhona ukugeleza kokushisa ebangeni elilinganiselwe, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwesigaba soketshezi kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-valve ivulwa ngokushesha, uketshezi lungase luzuze isivinini esikhulu, uma luhlangabezana nezithiyo noma ukumelana njengokuthi ivalvu izokhiqiza ukushaywa kwamanzi, okufanele kunakwe lapho isetshenziswa.
Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe besiqandisi, okuphakathi yi-nitrogen noma i-freon refrigerant, ivalve yensimbi eyinsimbi esetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile, izinga lokushisa layo elisebenzayo liphakathi kuka-28 ~ 150℃, manje lisebenzisa kancane, kodwa i-valve ene-ferritic ductile iron inomkhuba okhulayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ferritic ductile iron inokuqina komthelela ongcono, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
I-valve yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-carbon steel (WCB), izinga lokushisa layo lokusetshenziswa lingu-29 ~ 150 ℃; Kukhona futhi izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-carbon steel (LCB, LC1, LC2), izinga lokushisa layo elincane lenkonzo lingu-46 ~ -73℃; Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic (304, 316) isebenza kahle kakhulu kwensimbi yokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi, izinga lokushisa layo elincane lenkonzo lingaphansi -196 ℃, abanye -254 ℃.
Izingxenye zokuvala i-valve evamile yokushisa okuphansi, ukukhethwa kwesihlalo se-valve yensimbi emzimbeni we-valve, ukukhethwa kwepulasitiki ye-fluorine (F4) kudiski ye-valve, azikho izidingo ezikhethekile esakhiweni kanye ne-valve evamile yendawo yonke icishe ifane. Ukukhetha okunengqondo ngokwezinga lokushisa nendawo.
I-valve ye-Cryogenic, cabangela kuphela izici zokusebenza ze-valve yokushisa. Ingafakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo ngaphakathi kwe-incubator, kodwa ibhokisi lokugxila, indlela yokusebenza (isondo lesandla, isikrufu) kanye nenkomba yendawo yokuphakamisa i-valve disc kufanele kubekwe ngaphandle kwe-incubator. Kulula ukusebenzisa nokufaka esikhundleni sokupakisha. Ama-valve amaningi afakwe nesiqu esivundlile. Ukuze uthole ama-valve kagesi afudumele, isiqu se-valve kufanele sibekwe sivundlile.
Izimo zokusebenza zedivayisi yokupakisha ekushiseni okuphansi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba ukupakisha kulula ukulahlekelwa ukunwebeka, kanye ngenxa yokuvuza kokuvuza okuphakathi, isiqu sifriziwe, sizoholela entweni enamathele, i-valve ayikwazi ukuvula nokuvala ngokujwayelekile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimo zokusebenza zedivayisi yokupakisha, i-baffle eshisayo ingafakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugxilwa kokupakisha. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kumklamo wokwandisa ubude besiqu. I-baffle yenziwe ngezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezine-conductivity ephansi kakhulu yokushisa (indwangu, i-tape, njll.) ukuze ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwebhokisi lokupakisha kuncishiswe kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, idivayisi yokupakisha ifakwe ibhantshi futhi i-medium enezinga lokushisa elanele ukugcina umthamo wokusebenza wedivayisi yokupakisha iqhutshelwa esikhaleni esakhiwe. UMSEBENZI Walo UKWENZA I-valve kusukela ekushiseni okuphansi kuya endaweni yokusebenza ibe ne-gradient yokushisa, endaweni yokusebenza nangale kwendawo yokusebenza, umfutho womoya uzoba endaweni ethile ungenza igesi eliwuketshezi lingasenamanzi futhi libuyele izinga lokushisa legesi.
UKUCINDEZELEKA komoya KUHLALE KUVULIWE NGASO ZONKE IZIKHATHI, NGOKUVAMILE KUXHUMANA NGESIPHIKO esisodwa SE-VALVE NOMA NGENYE ingxenye, ukuze uma izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka, kungabikho ukucindezela okuphezulu okuyingozi.
Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ze-valve zivame ukukhiqizwa futhi zihlolwe ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi zisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi zokushisa, izingxenye ezihlukene zizokhiqiza ukunwetshwa okuhlukile nokufinyela ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, okuzothinta ngokuqondile umsebenzi ovamile we-valve, okumele unake. kuya futhi kuqondwe ekusetshenzisweni.
Ama-valve okushisa aphansi asebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene, izinto ezijwayelekile: njenge-carbon steel (WCB) zizoba brittle njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhethwayo yilezi: insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, ithusi, nama-alloys e-copper-nickel, konke okungewona ama-brittle futhi angasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi i-austenitic stainless steel, ithusi ne-Cu-Ni alloy yizinto ezingcono kakhulu zokuqina namandla. Ngakho-ke ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-valve yokushisa okuphansi, njenge-valve yeglobe, i-valve yokuphepha, i-valve elawulayo, i-valve yokuhlola njalonjalo, khetha lolu hlobo lwezinto.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kokukhiqiza kusitshela ukuthi ngisho nangensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, ithusi ne-COPper-nickel alloy, uma imikhiqizo eqediwe ingaphathwa kahle ngokushisa okuphansi, lapho i-valve isebenza ekushiseni okuphansi, izingxenye zangaphakathi zizokhubazeka ngenxa yesigaba sezinto ezibonakalayo. ukuguqulwa okubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi, okuholela ekuvuzeni kwe-valve.
Enqubweni yokuhlanganisa i-valve yokushisa ephansi, ngenxa yezinto ezihlukene zama-gaskets okuxhumeka kwe-flange, ama-bolts axhumayo kanye nezingxenye zokuxhuma, ukufingqa phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ngeke kuvumelaniswe, okuholela ekuphumuleni nokuvuza. Ngakho-ke, i-valve yokushisa ephansi, ikakhulukazi i-valve yokushisa ephansi esetshenziswa ngezansi -196 ℃, indlela yayo yokuxhuma ingcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-welding.
I-gasket epakisha i-valve yokushisa ephansi, iningi elijwayelekile le-F4, ngenxa yokuzigcoba kwayo okuhle, i-coefficient yokungqubuzana incane, futhi inokuqina okuyingqayizivele kwamakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa uhulumeni, kodwa i-F4 nayo ineziphambeko, enye ukuthambekela kokugeleza okubandayo kukhulu, enye i-coefficient yokwandisa imigqa inkulu, ukuncipha okubandayo ekushiseni okuphansi kuholela ekuvuzeni, okuholela enanini elikhulu le-icing. esiqwini, ukuze ukwehluleka ukuvulwa valve. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokushisa eziphansi. Uma izimo lokushisa, kufanele ukhethe nezimo graphite nokwelukiweyo filler, noma insimbi engagqwali kanye nezimo graphite mawindi pad. Amanye ama-valve okushisa aphansi asebenza, ngokuvamile athola ukuthi ingxenye yokudlulisela yevalvu inamathela. I-occlusal phenomenon yenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi: ukukhetha okungenangqondo kwezinto ezibhanqiwe, igebe elibandayo eligodliwe elincane kakhulu, nokunemba komshini. Uma izinkinga ezifanayo zitholakala ohlelweni lokusetshenziswa, kufanele zihanjiswe kumphakeli kusenesikhathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwesakhiwo futhi kuthathelwe indawo impahla efanele yokuthwala (bushing).
Ezinye izidingo zama-valve okushisa aphansi ziyafana nama-valve avamile.
Imfuneko kanye nokusetshenziswa metal seal butterfly valve in low lokushisa valve
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho nobuchwepheshe bezimboni, izinga eliphezulu nobuchwepheshe obusha obushintsha njalo kanye nesidingo sabantu samavalvu, imboni yamavalvu ibhekene nezinselelo namathuba amakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwe-valve ye-butterfly endaweni ephansi yokushisa, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nokusebenza kwe-valve evamile ekamelweni lokushisa, okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthembeka kwe-valve seal ekushiseni okuphansi, ukuguquguquka kwesenzo kanye nezinye izidingo ezikhethekile ze-valve. i-valve yokushisa ephansi.
I-valve ye-Butterfly inesakhiwo esihlangene, ivolumu encane, isisindo esincane (uma siqhathaniswa nengcindezi efanayo, i-valve yesango elifanayo losayizi inganciphisa u-40% ~ 50%) ukumelana noketshezi, ukuvula nokuvala ngokushesha kanye nochungechunge lwezinzuzo, ngakho-ke thola ukusetshenziswa.
Kodwa kwamanye amadivaysi okushisa aphansi, njengemishini ye-gas liquefaction, imishini yokuhlukanisa umoya kanye nemishini ye-press swing adsorption esetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali ingaphezu kuka-80% noma i-valve yeglobe noma i-valve yesango, i-valve ye-butterfly incane. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi i-valve ye-butterfly ye-metal seal inomsebenzi ompofu wokuvala izinga lokushisa eliphansi, kanti ezinye izizathu ezifana nesakhiwo esingenangqondo zibangela ukuvuza kwangaphakathi okuphakathi kanye nokuvuza kwangaphandle, okuthinta kakhulu ukuphepha nokusebenza okuvamile kwalezi zixhobo zokushisa eziphansi futhi azikwazi. ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemishini yokushisa ephansi.
Ngokusho kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemishini yokushisa ephansi ezweni lakithi, imfuneko ye-valve yokushisa ephansi iyanda usuku nosuku. Ngakho-ke, i-valve yokuvala uphawu yensimbi iye yathuthukiswa isakhiwo, futhi i-valve uvemvane yensimbi ehlanzekile ene-eccentric emithathu esebenza kakhulu yokuvala yakhiwe. Le valve yovemvane ingakwazi ukwanelisa imfuneko yayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo ephakathi iyizinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi.
Ukuhlanganisa nezici zayo zesakhiwo, ukusebenza kokushisa okuphansi kumane kwethulwe.
Okokuqala, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-disc valve yokuvalwa kwezidingo zokusebenza:
Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuvuza kwe-valve yokushisa okuphansi, esinye ukuvuza kwangaphakathi; Okwesibili ukuvuza.
1) I-valve ikhiqiza ukuvuza kwangaphakathi
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi umbhangqwana wokuvala uphawu ukhubazekile ekushiseni okuphansi.
Lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakathi lehla liye ekushintsheni kwesigaba sezinto ezibangelwa ukushintsha kwevolumu, ukuze ukunemba kokugaya kwangempela kokuwohloka kokuwohloka kwe-warping kokubekwa uphawu okuholela ekufakweni kokushisa okuphansi okuphansi. Senze ukuhlolwa kokushisa okuphansi ku-valve ye-DN250. I-medium iyi-nitrogen eyi-liquid (-196℃) kanye ne-butterfly plate material ingu-1Cr18Ni9Ti (ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa). Kutholakala ukuthi i-warp-deformation yendawo yokuvala icishe ibe ngu-0.12mm, okuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuvuza kwangaphakathi.
I-valve yevemvane esanda kwakhiwa iyashintshwa isuka kuphawu lwendiza iye kwi-conical seal. Isihlalo siwubuso obuvalile obuyindilinga obucijile, kanye nendandatho eyisiyingi enwebekayo yokuvala eshunyekwe epuletini uvemvane ukwenza ipheya evalayo. Indandatho yophawu ingantanta ngokujulile ku-disc groove. Lapho i-valve ivaliwe, indandatho yokuvala enwebekayo iqala ukuxhumana ne-eksisi emfushane ye-elliptic seal surface, futhi ngokuzungezisa kwesiqu se-valve, indandatho yokuvala isunduzelwa kancane kancane ngaphakathi, iphoqe indandatho enwebekayo ukuthi ixhumane ne-eksisi ende ye-valve. i-oblique conical surface, ekugcineni iholela ekuxhumaneni okugcwele phakathi kwendandatho enwebekayo yokuvala kanye ne-elliptic sealing surface. Ukuvalwa kwayo kufinyelelwa ngokuguqulwa kwendandatho yokunwebeka.
Ngakho-ke, lapho umzimba noma ipuleti levemvane likhubazekile ekushiseni okuphansi, lizomuncwa futhi linxeshezelwe yindandatho enwebekayo yokuvala, futhi ngeke likhiqize ukuvuza nokunamathela. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwe-elastic kunyamalala ngokushesha lapho i-valve ivuliwe, futhi ngokuyisisekelo akukho ukungqubuzana okuhlobene ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni inqubo, ngakho-ke impilo yesevisi yinde.
2) ukuvuza kwe-valve.
Okokuqala ukuthi lapho i-valve nepayipi kuxhunywe ama-flanges, ukuvuza kubangelwa ukuxegiswa kwephedi yokuxhuma, ibhowudi yokuxhuma, nezingxenye zokuxhuma ezihlehlayo ngenxa yokuvumelanisa phakathi kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, sishintshe imodi yokuxhuma ye-valve yomzimba kanye nepayipi ukusuka ekuxhumekeni kwe-flange kuya esakhiweni sokushisela ukugwema ukuvuza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa.
Okwesibili ukuvuza kwesiqu nokupakisha. Ngokuvamile, ukupakishwa kwe-valve okuningi kusebenzisa i-F4, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kokuzishelela, i-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana (i-friction coefficient of steel f=0.05 ~ 0.1), futhi inokuqina kwamakhemikhali okuyingqayizivele, ngakho-ke isetshenzisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, i-F4 nayo inokushiyeka. Okokuqala, ukuthambekela kokugeleza okubandayo kukhulu; Okwesibili, i-coefficient yokunwetshwa komugqa inkulu, okuholela ekuncipheni okubandayo ekuvuzeni kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, okuholela enanini elikhulu le-icing esiqwini, ukwenza i-valve ivuleke. Ivalvu yovemvane enezinga lokushisa eliphansi elakhelwe le njongo isebenzisa ukwakheka kophawu ezinciphayo, okungukuthi, ingavaleka kukho kokubili izinga lokushisa elivamile nezinga lokushisa eliphansi ngegebe elishiywe ngokusizakala nge-coefficient enkulu yokunweba engu-F4.