Uru rupapuro rutangiza ibisabwa no gushyira mu bikorwa icyuma kinyugunyugu kashe ya valve mu bushyuhe buke

Uru rupapuro rutangiza ibisabwa no gushyira mu bikorwa icyuma kinyugunyugu kashe ya valve mu bushyuhe buke

Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zigezweho za peteroli, inganda zamakara ninganda zikonjesha, ikoreshwa ryubushyuhe buke ni ryinshi, dosiye ni nyinshi. Kubwibyo, gukoresha neza no gushyira mu gaciro ubushyuhe buke butera abantu ibitekerezo. Imikoreshereze yubushyuhe buke hiyongereyeho ikoreshwa rusange ryimyanda isanzwe, haribintu bimwe byihariye bisabwa kwitondera.
Indangantege ya Cryogenic muri rusange yerekeza ku mibumbe ikorera ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya -29 ° C. Imiyoboro imwe ya kirogenike irashobora gutwara imyuka yanduye (nka azote, ogisijeni na gaze karemano) ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya -196 ° C kandi ikomeza gukora neza.
With the decrease of the temperature of the working medium, the material and structure of the low temperature valve used are different from the conventional universal valve, especially the temperature valve (t Hamwe no kugabanuka kwubushyuhe bwikigereranyo gikora, ibikoresho nimiterere yubushyuhe buke bwakoreshejwe buratandukanye nubusanzwe busanzwe bwa valve, cyane cyane ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe (t Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bugana ibice bifunga bivuye hanze, ibice bikora bigomba kuvanwa mumubiri. Ijosi rero rya bonnet ya cryogenic valve ni ndende cyane. ** Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bukorwa mubihe bigoye kuva ubushyuhe bwo hanze kugeza ubushyuhe. Kandi irabikora nta nkomyi. Gufunga igice cyo gufunga mubisanzwe byemezwa nigitutu gikenewe cyitumanaho cyakozwe kumpeta ya kashe, ariko niba imbaraga zicyuma cyogukwirakwiza zashyizweho, imbaraga zimpeta zifunga zishobora kuba zitandukanye mubushyuhe bwakazi, byanze bikunze, imikorere yikimenyetso cyimpeta, cyane cyane imikorere ya polymeric iratandukanye. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bushyushye bufite ibyangombwa bisabwa kumpeta, mubisanzwe hitamo ibintu bikomeye (STL) ibikoresho nibyiza.
Ubushyuhe bwa valve bugarukira cyane mumuvuduko wo gufungura. Nubwo ingamba za adiabatic, haracyariho ubushyuhe buringaniye, bigatuma habaho ibice byamazi mubice bimwe na bimwe bya sisitemu. Kubwibyo, iyo valve ifunguye vuba, amazi ashobora kubona umuvuduko mwinshi, iyo uhuye nimbogamizi cyangwa guhangana nkurwo rugomero bizana amazi, bigomba kwitabwaho mugukoresha.
Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gukonjesha, ikigereranyo ni firigo ya azote cyangwa freon, kera byakoreshwaga cyane byuma byuma, ubushyuhe bwabyo bukoreshwa buri hagati ya -28 ~ 150 ℃, ubu ukoreshe bike, ariko valve ifite ferritic ductile fer ifite imyumvire ikura. Ni ukubera ko ferritic ductile fer ifite ingaruka nziza gukomera, kwambara no kurwanya ruswa.
Ibyuma rusange bya karubone (WCB) ububiko bwibikoresho, ubushyuhe bwabwo ni -29 ~ 150 ℃; Hariho kandi ubushyuhe buke bwa karubone (LCB, LC1, LC2), ubushyuhe bwayo bwa serivisi ni -46 ~ -73 ℃; Icyuma cya Austenitike kitagira umwanda (304, 316) nigikorwa cyiza cyicyuma cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe bwacyo bwa serivisi buri munsi -196 ℃, bimwe kuri -254 ℃.
Muri rusange ubushyuhe buke bwo gufunga ibice, gutoranya icyuma cya kashe ya valve kumubiri wa valve, gutoranya plastike ya fluor (F4) kuri disiki ya valve, nta bisabwa bidasanzwe muburyo kandi na valve isanzwe isanzwe ni imwe. Guhitamo neza ukurikije ubushyuhe hamwe.
Cryogenic valve, tekereza gusa kubikorwa biranga ubushyuhe bwa valve. Irashobora gushyirwaho mumwanya uwariwo wose imbere ya incubator, ariko agasanduku kuzuza, uburyo bwo gukora (uruziga rwamaboko, umugozi) hamwe nicyerekana umwanya wo guterura disiki bigomba gushyirwa hanze ya incubator. Biroroshye gukora no gusimbuza gupakira. Imyanya myinshi yashizwemo nuruti rutambitse. Kumashanyarazi ashyushye, uruti rwa valve rugomba gushyirwa muburyo butambitse.
Imiterere yakazi yo gupakira ibikoresho mubushyuhe buke biragoye cyane, kuko gupakira biroroshye gutakaza elastique, iyo bimaze guterwa no guhumeka hagati, igiti cyarahagaritswe, bizatera ibintu byiziritse, valve ntishobora gufungura no gufunga bisanzwe. Kugirango tunonosore imikorere yimikorere yapakiye, hashobora gushyirwaho urumuri rwumuriro kugirango harebwe uburyo bwo gupakira. Ibi biri mubishushanyo byo kongera uburebure bwuruti. Bafle ikozwe mubikoresho bitari ibyuma bifite ubushyuhe buke bwo hasi (imyenda, kaseti, nibindi) kugirango ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo gupakira bugabanuke cyane. Ubundi, igikoresho cyo gupakira kirimo jacketi hamwe nuburyo bufite ubushyuhe buhagije kugirango bugumane ubushobozi bwakazi bwigikoresho cyo gupakira kijyanwa mumwanya wakozwe. INSHINGANO YAYO NUKORA valve kuva mubushyuhe buke kugeza aho ikorera ifite igipimo cy'ubushyuhe, aho ikorera kandi ikarenga aho ikorera, umuvuduko wumwuka uzaba uri mubintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma gaze ya lisansi itakiri amazi hanyuma igasubira ubushyuhe bwa gaze.
IHURIRO RY'UMWUKA RIGENDE GUKINGURWA MU BIHE BYOSE, RUSANGE BISANZWE N'IMPERUKA Y’IMVUGO CYANGWA N'indi mpera, kugirango niba ubushyuhe bwumuvuduko wikirere buzamutse, nta muvuduko mwinshi ushobora guteza akaga.
Kuberako ibice bya valve mubisanzwe bikozwe kandi bipimishwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi bigakora mubihe byubushyuhe buke, ibice bitandukanye bizabyara kwaguka no kugabanuka hamwe nihindagurika ryubushyuhe, ibyo bizagira ingaruka kumurimo usanzwe wa valve, bigomba kwitabwaho Kuri kandi Byumvikane Gukoresha.
Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye, ibikoresho bisanzwe: nkibyuma bya karubone (WCB) bizacika intege nkuko ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muguhitamo ni: ibyuma bya austenitis bitagira umuyonga, umuringa, hamwe n'umuringa-nikel wavanze, byose ntibivunika kandi birashobora gukoreshwa neza. Ubunararibonye bwerekana ko ibyuma bya austenitike bidafite ibyuma, umuringa na Cu-Ni alloy nibikoresho byiza byo gukomera nimbaraga. Ibice bimwe byingenzi byubushyuhe bwo hasi, nka: isi ya valve, umutekano wumutekano, kugenzura valve, kugenzura valve nibindi, hitamo ibintu nkibi.
Ubunararibonye mu musaruro butubwira ko no kuri austenitike idafite ibyuma, umuringa na COPper-nikel, niba ibicuruzwa byarangiye bidakozwe neza hamwe nubushyuhe buke, mugihe valve ikozwe mubushyuhe buke, ibice byimbere bizahinduka kubera icyiciro cyibintu guhinduka guterwa n'ubushyuhe buke, bikavamo kumeneka kwa valve.
Mubikorwa byo guteranya ubushyuhe buke bwa valve, kubera ibikoresho bitandukanye bya gasketi ihuza flake, guhuza ibimera no guhuza ibice, kugabanuka hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye ntabwo bizahuzwa, bikavamo kuruhuka no kumeneka. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe buke bwa valve, cyane cyane ubushyuhe buke bwakoreshejwe munsi -196 ℃, uburyo bwabwo bwo guhuza nibyiza gukoresha imiyoboro yo gusudira.
Ubushyuhe buke bwo gupakira gasketi, ubwinshi bwa F4, kubera kwifata neza kwayo, coefficient de friction ni nto, kandi ifite imiti idasanzwe. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa na guverinoma, ariko F4 nayo ifite ibitagenda neza, imwe ni uburyo bwo gutembera gukonje ni nini, indi ni coefficente yo kwagura umurongo nini, kugabanuka gukonje kubushyuhe buke biganisha kumeneka, bikavamo umubare munini wibarafu kuruti, kugirango valve ifungura kunanirwa. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa gusa muri rusange ubushyuhe buke. Mugihe cyubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, bugomba guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera cya grafite cyuzuzwa, cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe na grafite ya grafite ihindagurika. Ubushyuhe buke buke bukora, akenshi wasangaga igice cyo kohereza cya valve kibaho gifatanye. Ikintu kidasanzwe kibaho rimwe na rimwe. Impamvu nyamukuru nizo: guhitamo bidafite ishingiro ibikoresho byombi, icyuho gito cyane cyabitswe, hamwe no gutunganya neza. Niba ibibazo nkibi biboneka mugikorwa cyo gukoresha, bigomba gushyikirizwa uwabitanze mugihe cyo kunoza igishushanyo mbonera no gusimbuza ibikoresho bikwiye (bushing).
Ibindi bisabwa kubushyuhe buke ni kimwe nibisanzwe.
Ibisabwa hamwe nogukoresha icyuma kinyugunyugu kinyugunyugu mubushyuhe buke
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, ikoranabuhanga rihora rihinduka kandi rishya kandi abantu bakenera indangagaciro, inganda za valve zihura n’ibibazo n’amahirwe menshi. Cyane cyane gukoresha ikinyugunyugu mu bushyuhe buke, usibye guhuza imikorere ya valve rusange mubushyuhe bwicyumba, icy'ingenzi ni ukwizerwa kwa kashe ya valve ku bushyuhe buke, guhuza ibikorwa nibindi bisabwa byihariye bya ubushyuhe buke.
Ikinyugunyugu kinyugunyugu gifite imiterere yoroheje, ingano ntoya, uburemere bworoheje (ugereranije numuvuduko umwe, ubunini bwurugi rumwe burashobora kugabanya 40% ~ 50%) birwanya amazi, gufungura no gufunga vuba hamwe nurukurikirane rwibyiza, bityo rero ubone gukoresha.
Ariko mubikoresho bimwe byubushyuhe buke, nkibikoresho byo kuvoma gaze, ibikoresho byo gutandukanya ikirere hamwe nibikoresho byogukoresha ingufu za adsorption zikoreshwa munganda zikora imiti zirenga 80% cyangwa valve yisi cyangwa valve yumuryango, valve yikinyugunyugu ni nto. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko icyuma kinyugunyugu cyikimenyetso gifite imikorere idahwitse yubushyuhe buke, nizindi mpamvu zimwe nkimiterere idashyize mu gaciro itera imyuka yo hagati yimbere hamwe nibintu biva hanze, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumutekano no mumikorere isanzwe yibi bikoresho byubushyuhe buke kandi ntibishobora kuzuza ibisabwa ibikoresho byubushyuhe buke.
Dukurikije iterambere rikomeje ry’ubushyuhe buke mu gihugu cyacu, ibisabwa kuri valve yubushyuhe buke biriyongera umunsi ku munsi. Kubwibyo, icyuma gifunga icyuma cyatejwe imbere muburyo bunoze, kandi ikinyugunyugu cyibinyugunyugu cyicyuma cya eccentricique cyicyuma gifite icyerekezo kinini cyashyizweho. Iyi kinyugunyugu irashobora guhaza ibyo isabwa ntakibazo cyaba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyangwa ubushyuhe buke.
Uhujije nibiranga imiterere, ubushyuhe buke butangizwa gusa.
Ubwa mbere, ubushyuhe buke bwa disiki ya kashe yo gufunga ibisabwa:
Hariho impamvu ebyiri zingenzi zitera ubushyuhe buke bwa valve kumeneka, imwe ni ukunyerera imbere; Iya kabiri ni ukumeneka.
1) Umuyoboro utanga imbere
Impamvu nyamukuru nuko ikidodo gifatika cyahinduwe mubushyuhe buke.
Iyo ubushyuhe buciriritse bugabanutse kumpinduka yibintu byatewe no guhindura amajwi, kuburyo umwimerere wo gusya neza neza neza hejuru yikimenyetso cyo gufunga ibintu bivamo ubushyuhe buke buke. Twakoze ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe buke kuri DN250. Ikigereranyo ni azote yuzuye (-196 ℃) naho isahani yikinyugunyugu ni 1Cr18Ni9Ti (nta kuvura ubushyuhe buke). Byagaragaye ko warp-deformation yubuso bwa kashe igera kuri 0,12mm, niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yo kumeneka imbere.
Ikinyugunyugu gishya cyatunganijwe gihindurwa kashe yindege kashe ya kashe. Intebe ni isura ya ova ifunze mu maso, hamwe nimpeta ya elastike izengurutswe yometse ku isahani yikinyugunyugu kugirango ikore kashe. Impeta ya kashe irashobora kureremba hejuru muri disikuru. Iyo valve ifunze, impeta ya kashe ya elastike yabanje guhuza hamwe na axe ngufi yubuso bwa elliptike, kandi hamwe no guhinduranya uruti rwa valve, impeta ya kashe igenda isunikwa buhoro buhoro imbere, bigatuma impeta ya elastike ihura nintambwe ndende ya ubuso bwa conlique busa, amaherezo buganisha ku guhuza kwuzuye hagati yimpeta ya elastike hamwe nubuso bwa elliptike. Ikidodo cyacyo kigerwaho no guhindura impeta ya elastique.
Kubwibyo, mugihe umubiri cyangwa isahani yikinyugunyugu byahinduwe mubushyuhe buke, bizakirwa kandi bishyurwe nimpeta ya kashe ya elastique, kandi ntibizabyara ibintu bisohoka. Ihinduka rya elastike rirahita rihita iyo valve ifunguye, kandi mubyukuri ntaho bihuriye no gufungura no gufunga, bityo ubuzima bwa serivisi ni burebure.
2) kumeneka kwa valve.
Iya mbere ni uko iyo valve n'umuyoboro bihujwe na flanges, kumeneka biterwa no kuruhuka padi ihuza, guhuza bolt, hamwe nibice bihuza bigabanuka guhuza hagati yibikoresho mubushyuhe buke. Kubwibyo, twahinduye uburyo bwo guhuza umubiri wa valve numuyoboro uva flange ihuza imiterere yo gusudira kugirango twirinde ubushyuhe buke.
Iya kabiri ni ukumeneka kw'igiti no gupakira. Muri rusange, gupakira ibintu byinshi bya valve bikoresha F4, kubera imikorere myiza yo kunyerera, coefficente ntoya (coefficient de frais de f = 0.05 ~ 0.1), kandi ifite imiti idasanzwe, bityo yakoreshejwe.
Ariko, F4 nayo ifite ibitagenda neza. Ubwa mbere, imbeho ikonje ni nini; Icya kabiri, coefficient yo kwagura umurongo ni nini, bigatuma kugabanuka gukonje gutemba ku bushyuhe buke, bikavamo umubare munini wibarafu kuruti, kugirango valve ifungure kunanirwa. Ikinyugunyugu cyo hasi yubushyuhe butunganijwe kubwiyi ntego gifata imiterere yikimenyetso cyo kwikuramo, ni ukuvuga ko ishobora gufunga ubushyuhe busanzwe hamwe nubushyuhe buke binyuze mu cyuho gisigaye hifashishijwe inyungu nini yo kwaguka ya F4.