Wannan takarda tana gabatar da buƙatu da aikace-aikacen ƙarfe hatimin bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido a cikin ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki

Wannan takarda tana gabatar da buƙatu da aikace-aikacen ƙarfe hatimin bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido a cikin ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki

Tare da saurin haɓaka masana'antar petrochemical na zamani, masana'antar sinadarai na kwal da masana'antar firiji, yin amfani da bawul ɗin ƙarancin zafin jiki yana ƙara ƙaruwa, adadin yana ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, daidai da ma'ana yin amfani da ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki yana haifar da hankalin mutane. Amfani da ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki ban da yawan amfani da bawuloli na al'ada, akwai wasu buƙatu na musamman don kula da su.
Cryogenic valves gabaɗaya suna nufin bawul ɗin da ke aiki a yanayin zafi ƙasa da -29 ° C. Wasu bawuloli na cryogenic na iya jigilar iskar gas (kamar nitrogen, oxygen da iskar gas) a yanayin zafi ƙasa da -196 ° C kuma har yanzu suna tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun.
With the decrease of the temperature of the working medium, the material and structure of the low temperature valve used are different from the conventional universal valve, especially the temperature valve (t Tare da rage yawan zafin jiki na matsakaicin aiki, kayan aiki da tsarin ƙananan bawul ɗin da aka yi amfani da su sun bambanta da bawul na duniya na al'ada, musamman ma bawul ɗin zafin jiki (t Don rage zafin zafi zuwa sassan rufewa daga waje, ya kamata a cire sassan aiki daga jikin da aka keɓe. Don haka wuyan bonnet na bawul ɗin cryogenic yana da tsayi sosai. ** Ana sarrafa bawul ɗin zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu rikitarwa daga zafin waje zuwa zafin jiki. Kuma yana yin haka ba tare da katsewa ba. Rufe sashin rufewa yawanci ana ba da garanti ta hanyar matsi mai mahimmanci da aka kafa akan zoben rufewa, amma idan ƙarfin na'urar watsawa ya daidaita, ƙarfin zoben rufewa na iya bambanta a cikin kewayon zafin aiki, ba shakka, wasan kwaikwayon zobe na rufewa, musamman aikin kayan aikin polymeric ya bambanta. Sabili da haka, bawul ɗin dumi yana da tsauraran buƙatu akan zoben rufewa, yawanci zaɓi abu mai ƙarfi (STL) abu ne mafi kyau.
Bawul ɗin zafin jiki yana da iyaka sosai a cikin saurin buɗewa na kashewa. Duk da matakan adiabatic, har yanzu akwai zafin zafi a cikin iyakataccen iyaka, wanda ya haifar da samuwar lokaci na ruwa a wasu sassan tsarin. Don haka, lokacin da aka buɗe bawul ɗin da sauri, ruwan zai iya samun babban gudu, da zarar ya gamu da cikas ko juriya kamar bawul ɗin zai haifar da bugun ruwa, wanda ya kamata a kula da amfani da shi.
Gabaɗaya ana amfani da fasahar refrigeration, matsakaici shine nitrogen ko freon refrigerant, bawul ɗin ƙarfe da aka saba amfani da shi a baya, zafin da ya dace yana tsakanin -28 ~ 150 ℃, yanzu ana amfani da ƙasa kaɗan, amma bawul ɗin tare da baƙin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ferritic yana da haɓaka girma. Wannan saboda ferritic ductile iron yana da mafi kyawun tasiri tauri, juriya da juriya na lalata.
General carbon karfe (WCB) abu bawul, ta amfani da zazzabi ne -29 ~ 150 ℃; Akwai kuma low zafin jiki carbon karfe (LCB, LC1, LC2), ta mafi ƙarancin sabis zazzabi ne -46 ~ -73 ℃; Austenitic bakin karfe (304, 316) ne m yi na low zafin jiki juriya karfe, ta m sabis zazzabi ne a kasa -196 ℃, wasu for -254 ℃.
Gabaɗaya ƙananan ƙananan bawul ɗin rufe sassan, zaɓin wurin zama na hatimin ƙarfe na ƙarfe a jikin bawul ɗin, zaɓin filastik fluorine (F4) akan diski bawul, babu buƙatu na musamman a cikin tsarin kuma bawul ɗin duniya na al'ada kusan iri ɗaya ne. Zaɓin da ya dace bisa ga zafin jiki da matsakaici.
Cryogenic bawul, kawai la'akari da halayen aiki na bawul ɗin zafin jiki. Ana iya shigar da shi a kowane wuri a cikin incubator, amma akwatin shaƙewa, injin aiki ( dabaran hannu, wrench) da mai nuna matsayi na ɗaga diski ya kamata a sanya shi a waje da incubator. Sauƙi don aiki da maye gurbin shiryawa. Yawancin bawuloli ana shigar dasu tare da kara a kwance. Don dumama bawul ɗin lantarki, dole ne a sanya tushen bawul ɗin a kwance.
Yanayin aiki na na'urar tattarawa a ƙananan zafin jiki suna da wuyar gaske, saboda shiryawa yana da sauƙi don rasa ƙarfi, sau ɗaya saboda ƙyalli na matsakaici na evaporation, kara ya daskare, zai haifar da abin da ya makale, bawul ɗin ba zai iya buɗewa da rufewa kullum. Don inganta yanayin aiki na na'urar tattarawa, za'a iya shigar da baffle thermal don tabbatar da rufin marufi. Wannan shi ne yafi a cikin zane don ƙara tsayin tsayi. An yi baffle daga kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙarancin zafin jiki (tufafi, tef, da sauransu) don haka asarar zafi na akwatin tattarawa ya ragu sosai. A madadin, na'urar tattarawa tana da jaket kuma matsakaici tare da zafin jiki wanda ya isa don kula da iya aiki na na'urar ana shigar da shi cikin sararin da aka kafa. AIKINSA SHINE SANAR DA bawul ɗin daga ƙananan zafin jiki zuwa wurin aiki yana da gradient zafin jiki, a wurin aiki kuma bayan wurin aiki, ƙarfin iska zai kasance a cikin wani takamaiman zai iya sa iskar gas ba ta da ruwa kuma ta dawo zuwa. zafin gas.
MATSALAR SAUKI YANA BUDE A KOWANNE LOKACI, A GABATARWA ANA SAMUN FARUWA DA KARSHEN VALVE KO DA KARSHEN DAYA, ta yadda idan zafin da ke cikin iska ya tashi, ba za a samu matsatsi mai hatsarin gaske ba.
Saboda yawancin sassan bawul ana yin su ne da kuma gwada su a cikin zafin jiki, kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin zafi, sassa daban-daban za su haifar da haɓaka daban-daban da raguwa tare da canjin zafin jiki, wanda zai shafi aikin al'ada na bawul, wanda dole ne a kula da shi. da kuma fahimtar amfani.
Ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki suna amfani da abubuwa iri-iri, kayan yau da kullun: irin su carbon karfe (WCB) zai zama mara ƙarfi yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na zabi sune: bakin karfe na austenitic, tagulla, da na'urorin jan karfe-nickel, dukkansu ba su karye kuma ana iya amfani da su yadda ya kamata. Kwarewa ta nuna cewa bakin karfe austenitic, tagulla da Cu-Ni gami sune mafi kyawun kayan don tauri da ƙarfi. Don haka wasu mahimman sassa na ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki, kamar: globe valve, bawul ɗin aminci, bawul mai daidaitawa, bawul ɗin duba da sauransu, zaɓi irin wannan kayan.
Kwarewar samarwa ta gaya mana cewa har ma don austenitic bakin karfe, tagulla da COpper-nickel gami, idan samfuran da aka gama ba a bi da su da kyau tare da ƙarancin zafin jiki ba, lokacin da bawul ɗin ke aiki a ƙananan zafin jiki, sassan ciki za su lalace saboda yanayin lokaci. canji wanda ya haifar da ƙananan zafin jiki, yana haifar da zubar da bawul.
A cikin tsarin taro na ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki, saboda kayan daban-daban na gaskets na haɗin flange, haɗin haɗin gwiwa da sassa masu haɗawa, ba za a haɗa haɗin tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban ba, yana haifar da shakatawa da zubar da ciki. Saboda haka, da low zafin jiki bawul, musamman da low zafin jiki bawul amfani da kasa -196 ℃, ta dangane Hanyar ne mafi kyau don amfani da waldi dangane.
Gasket ɗin bawul ɗin ƙarancin zafin jiki, galibin F4, saboda kyawun sa mai da kansa, ƙarancin juzu'i kaɗan ne, kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali na musamman. Don haka, gwamnati na amfani da shi, amma F4 kuma yana da nakasu, ɗayan yanayin yanayin sanyi yana da girma, ɗayan kuma layin faɗaɗawar layin yana da girma, raguwar sanyi a ƙananan zafin jiki yana haifar da zubewa, yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na icing. a kara, sabõda haka, bawul bude gazawar. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi ne kawai a cikin yanayin ƙananan yanayin zafi. A cikin yanayin yanayin zafi, yakamata a zaɓi filler mai sassauƙan graphite saƙa, ko bakin karfe da kushin iska mai sassauƙa. Wasu ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki a cikin aiki, sau da yawa gano cewa sashin watsawa na bawul yana faruwa a ɗaki. Abun ɓoye yana faruwa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Babban dalilai sune: zaɓi mara ma'ana na kayan haɗin gwiwa, ƙananan ratar sanyi da aka tanada, da daidaiton injina. Idan an sami irin waɗannan matsalolin a cikin tsarin amfani, ya kamata a gabatar da su ga mai ba da kaya a cikin lokaci don inganta tsarin tsarin da kuma maye gurbin abin da ya dace (bushing).
Sauran buƙatun don ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki iri ɗaya ne da bawuloli na al'ada.
Bukatu da aikace-aikace na ƙarfe hatimin bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido a cikin ƙananan bawul ɗin zafin jiki
Tare da saurin haɓakar tattalin arziki da fasahar masana'antu, haɓakar haɓaka da sabbin fasahohi da buƙatun mutane na bawuloli, masana'antar bawul tana fuskantar manyan ƙalubale da dama. Musamman amfani da bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici, ban da haɗuwa da aikin babban bawul a cikin zafin jiki, mafi mahimmanci shine amincin hatimin bawul a ƙananan zafin jiki, sassaucin aikin da wasu buƙatun musamman na ƙananan zafin jiki bawul.
Butterfly bawul yana da tsari mai mahimmanci, ƙananan ƙararrawa, nauyi mai sauƙi (idan aka kwatanta da matsa lamba ɗaya, girman girman ƙofar ƙofar zai iya rage 40% ~ 50%) juriya na ruwa, budewa da rufewa da sauri da kuma jerin fa'idodi, don haka samun amfani.
Amma a wasu ƙananan na'urorin zafin jiki, irin su na'urorin sarrafa iskar gas, kayan aikin raba iska da kayan tallan motsa jiki da ake amfani da su a masana'antar sinadarai sun fi kashi 80% ko globe valve ko bawul ɗin ƙofar, bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido ƙarami ne. Babban dalilin shi ne cewa karfe hatimin malam buɗe ido bawul yana da matalauta sealing yi a low zafin jiki, da kuma wasu wasu dalilai kamar m tsarin sa matsakaici na ciki yayyo da waje yayyo sabon abu, wanda tsanani rinjayar da aminci da na al'ada aiki na wadannan low zafin jiki kayan aiki da kuma ba zai iya. saduwa da bukatun ƙananan kayan aikin zafi.
Dangane da ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙananan na'urorin zafin jiki a cikin ƙasarmu, abin da ake buƙata don ƙarancin zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa kowace rana. Don haka, bawul ɗin hatimin ƙarfe ya kasance ingantaccen tsari, kuma bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido na ƙarfe mai tsafta mai ƙarfi uku tare da babban aikin rufewa an haɓaka. Wannan bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido na iya biyan buƙatunsa komai matsakaicin zafin jiki ko ƙananan zafin jiki.
Haɗuwa tare da halayen tsarin sa, ana ƙaddamar da ƙarancin zafin jiki kawai.
Na farko, ƙananan zafin diski bawul ɗin hatimin aikin buƙatun:
Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu na ƙarancin ɗigon bawul ɗin zafin jiki, ɗaya shine zubewar ciki; Na biyu shine yabo.
1) Bawul yana haifar da zubewar ciki
Babban dalili shi ne cewa nau'i-nau'i na hatimi sun lalace a ƙananan zafin jiki.
Lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki saukad da abu lokaci canji lalacewa ta hanyar girma canji, sabõda haka, asali nika daidaici na sealing surface warping nakasawa sakamakon matalauta low zazzabi hatimi. Mun yi gwajin ƙarancin zafin jiki akan bawul ɗin DN250. Matsakaicin shine nitrogen ruwa (-196 ℃) kuma kayan farantin malam buɗe ido shine 1Cr18Ni9Ti (ba tare da ƙarancin zafin jiki ba). An gano cewa warp-lalacewar fuskar rufewa yana kusan 0.12mm, wanda shine babban dalilin zubar da ciki.
Sabuwar bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido ana canza shi daga hatimin jirgin zuwa hatimin conical. Wurin zama fuskar rufe fuska ce mai santsi, da zobe na roba madauwari da aka saka a cikin farantin malam buɗe ido don samar da hatimi biyu. Zoben hatimi na iya yin iyo da radially a cikin tsagi na diski. Lokacin da bawul ɗin ya rufe, zoben rufewa na roba na farko yana hulɗa tare da gajeriyar axis na saman elliptical sealing, kuma tare da jujjuyawar tushen bawul ɗin, zoben rufewa ana turawa a hankali a ciki, yana tilasta zoben na roba don tuntuɓar dogon axis. saman madaidaicin madaidaici, a ƙarshe yana haifar da cikakkiyar hulɗa tsakanin zoben rufewa na roba da saman rufewar elliptic. Ana samun hatiminsa ta hanyar lalacewa na zoben roba.
Sabili da haka, lokacin da jiki ko farantin malam buɗe ido ya lalace a ƙananan zafin jiki, za a shafe shi kuma a biya shi ta zoben rufewa na roba, kuma ba zai haifar da yabo da abin da ya makale ba. Wannan nakasawa na roba yana ɓacewa nan da nan lokacin da bawul ɗin ya buɗe, kuma babu ainihin wani rikici na dangi a cikin tsarin buɗewa da rufewa, don haka rayuwar sabis ɗin ta daɗe.
2) zubewar bawul.
Na farko shine lokacin da aka haɗa bawul da bututun ta hanyar flanges, ɗigon ruwa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar shakatawa na kushin haɗin gwiwa, haɗin haɗin gwiwa, da sassan haɗin da ke raguwa daga daidaitawa tsakanin kayan a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki. Saboda haka, mun canza yanayin haɗin jikin bawul da bututun mai daga haɗin flange zuwa tsarin walda don guje wa ƙarancin zafin jiki.
Na biyu shine zubar kara da tattarawa. Gabaɗaya, yawancin fakitin bawul suna amfani da F4, saboda kyakkyawan aikin sa na zamiya da kai, ƙaramin juzu'i (ƙididdigar juzu'i na ƙarfe f = 0.05 ~ 0.1), kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali na musamman na sinadarai, don haka an yi amfani da shi.
Koyaya, F4 shima yana da nakasu. Na farko, yanayin yanayin sanyi yana da girma; Na biyu, ƙididdiga na fadada layin layi yana da girma, yana haifar da raguwar raguwar sanyi a ƙananan zafin jiki, yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na icing a cikin tushe, don sa bawul ɗin ya buɗe gazawar. Bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido mai ƙarancin zafin jiki wanda aka haɓaka don wannan dalili yana ɗaukar tsarin hatimi mai rage kai, wato, yana iya yin hatimi a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun da ƙananan zafin jiki ta wurin tazarar da aka bari ta hanyar cin gajiyar babban haɓakar haɓakawa na F4.