Kwishyiriraho no gukemura amashanyarazi ahindura-valve nibintu bibi kandi byiza mugutezimbere amashanyarazi-indangainganda mu gihugu cyacu
Mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro no gutanga amashanyarazi, ibyinshi mumarembo rusange, indangagaciro za disiki hamwe na hydraulic ibinyugunyugu bikoreshwa munganda zikora cyane cyane mumijyi minini. Bagenzura umusaruro nogukora amazi yo kunywa, kikaba ibikoresho byingenzi byamasosiyete atanga amashanyarazi. Irembo ry'amashanyarazi rigizwe n'amashanyarazi agenga amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho bifasha amarembo. Byakoreshejwe mugukingura no gufunga amarembo ya valve. Irashobora gukorerwa aho kandi irashobora gukorerwa kure.
Inganda zikora, cyane cyane amasosiyete atanga amazi mumijyi minini, zikoresha indangagaciro rusange zirembo rusange, indangagaciro za disiki, ibinyugunyugu bya hydraulic hydraulic, nibindi, mugihe cyo kubyara no gutanga amashanyarazi, kugirango bamenye umusaruro nogukora amazi yo kunywa, aribyo ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku masosiyete atanga amashanyarazi. Hano hari umubare munini wamarembo akoreshwa muburyo bwose bwamarembo. Ikusanyirijwe hamwe numuyoboro wububiko bwa pompe yubushinwa kandi izakwigisha guhindura igikoresho cyamashanyarazi ya valve igenga amashanyarazi mukiganza.
Irembo ry'amashanyarazi rigizwe n'amashanyarazi agenga amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho bifasha amarembo. Byakoreshejwe mugukingura no gufunga amarembo ya valve. Irashobora gukorerwa aho kandi irashobora gukorerwa kure. Umuyoboro ugenga amashanyarazi ugizwe na moteri, kugabanya, uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro, uburyo bwo kugenzura imitsi, uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo gufungura impamyabumenyi hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Niba ihindurwa ryibikoresho byamashanyarazi ya valve yumuriro wamashanyarazi bidafite ishingiro, ubuzima bwumurimo wa valve y amarembo bugomba kugabanuka. Impanuka zikomeye nk irembo valve ingurube icyuma gipima kugenzura moteri gutwika nicyumba cya pompe. Kubwibyo, kugirango tumenye neza ko amashanyarazi atagira umutekano kandi adahungabana, birakenewe ko uhindura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byumurongo wamashanyarazi neza kugirango hafungurwe kandi hafungwe neza na rugi rwamashanyarazi. Ibikurikira birambuye uburyo bubiri bwo guhindura amashanyarazi ya valve:
1. Guhindura uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro
Amashanyarazi yumuryango wamashanyarazi akoreshwa ahantu hatandukanye kubera itandukaniro ryumuvuduko kumpande zombi za valve yumuryango cyangwa itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wumwuka (valve yafunze), uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro bugomba guhinduka muburyo bukwiye. Mugukoresha amarembo yumuriro wamashanyarazi kumpande zombi zumuvuduko wa azimuthal cyangwa umuvuduko wikirere ahantu hake, uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro bugomba guhindurwa kuri torque nkeya, ibicuruzwa bya serivise ya HZ (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1), ibicuruzwa bya seriveri (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo ) Isahani yubutegetsi irangwa numutegetsi, kandi uko agaciro kangana, niko agaciro ka torque nini. Amashanyarazi agenga valve amarembo ya valve yafunzwe mugihe itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uri hagati yimpande zombi cyangwa umuvuduko wumwuka mwinshi, agaciro ka torque ihinduwe igomba kuba myinshi, kurundi ruhande, nto. Ibice byinshi byavuzwe haruguru uburyo bwo guhindura ibicuruzwa ni bimwe. Mugihe uhindura urutonde rwa ZD amashanyarazi agenga amashanyarazi (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4), kura igifuniko cyuruhande rwigikonoshwa, uhindure uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro, kurekura umugozi wogukosora mugice cyoguhindura, kurekura umugozi uhindura, kurekura igitutu cyumuvuduko wumuriro, hanyuma ushire mubice bidakabije, hanyuma ushimangire umugozi wo gukosora mugice cyo guhinduranya, ukosore umugozi uhindura. Menya ko hejuru ya screw ikosora igomba kugwa mumubiri wa shaft. Niba hejuru iterekeje kuri shitingi neza, gusa umubare muto wo kuzunguruka wumugozi uhinduranya werekeza kumasoko ya torsion urakenewe kugirango werekane kuri shitingi ya shitingi ikosora. Shyira ku gipfukisho cyuruhande hanyuma uhindure valve. Niba imyitozo ya torque igabanya imyitozo ngororamubiri, isoko ya torsion irekuye cyane kandi ifatanye umwanya. Ibi birashobora gutuma uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro bukora munsi yumuriro muto, kugirango harebwe niba valve yumuryango wamashanyarazi bitewe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ingendo zananiranye, cyangwa izindi mpamvu zitera umuriro mwinshi, uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro uhagaze neza, no guhagarika amashanyarazi ahindura amashanyarazi, kurinda valve ntizarimburwa. Irembo ry'amashanyarazi rikoreshwa ahantu hamwe naryo ntirishobora guhinduka kugirango rifunge cyane, rihindurwe muburyo bwintoki zo gufunga hanyuma urekure inyuma impeta ebyiri (cyangwa impeta) birakwiye, (cyangwa ntamazi cyangwa gaze bikwiye) .
Iyo irembo ryamashanyarazi ryashyizwe ahantu hagaragara itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wamazi (cyangwa umuvuduko wumwuka), uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro bugomba guhinduka mugukingura no guhagarika itara. Kurugero, amazi yo gusohora amarembo yamazi yashyizwe mubyumba bya pompe, nyuma ya pompe ya centrifugal itangiye, umuvuduko wamazi ni munini mugihe iyo valve idakinguye. Muri iki gihe, uko amazi asohoka mu irembo rya valve ibisobanuro, niko torque ikoreshwa mugukingura amarembo. Cyane cyane iyo nta gitutu kiri mumuyoboro, igitutu cyuruhande rumwe amarembo ashobora kwihanganira ni kinini cyane. Muri iki gihe, screw torsion isoko ihindurwa muburyo busanzwe bwo gufungura no gufunga amarembo, kandi uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro ntabwo buri mumwanya. Irembo ry'amashanyarazi rikoreshwa mucyumba cya pompe rigomba guhindurwa ahantu hafunguye byuzuye, bitabaye ibyo biroroshye kwangiza ubuso bwamarembo bigatuma amazi yinjira. Kuberako irembo ryamashanyarazi ryashyizwe kuriyi ngingo ryegereye isoko ya pompe yamazi ya centrifugal, umuvuduko wamazi ni mwinshi kandi udahungabana. Muri iki gihe, niba irembo ry’irembo ridafunguwe neza, bimwe mu bikoresho byo mu irembo bizunguruka ku rundi bitewe n’ingaruka z’amazi atemba, ku buryo isura y’amazi yo mu irembo yangiritse, bigatuma amazi yinjira mu mwobo yangiza ubuzima bwa serivisi. y'irembo. Usibye kugerageza kwirinda gukoresha amarembo yumuriro wamashanyarazi kugirango uhindure valve, naho ubundi biroroshye gusenya hejuru yumuryango. Byongeye kandi, mu myaka yashize, tekinoroji yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa tekinoroji iratera imbere byihuse, guhindura imiyoboro ya pompe bigomba gukoresha tekinoroji yo kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije, kugirango bizigamire ingufu kandi bigabanye ibyuka bihumanya kugirango imikorere irusheho kugenda neza.
2 Irembo ryamashanyarazi valve "fungura, funga" guhindura imyanya
Hindura gufungura no gufunga ibyuma byamashanyarazi. Ukurikije amabwiriza yo guhindura buri ruganda, valve y irembo igomba gufungwa nintoki igice "gifunze" cyangwa igice "gifungura". Niba ibi bisaba kalibiri ntoya ya valve manpower imbaraga zo gufunga no gufungura umwanya ni byinshi, cyangwa birakomeye. Uburyo bushya bwo guhindura bwatangijwe hano muburyo burambuye: niba intera yikibaho cyurugi rwamarembo bizwi, bizoroha guhindura valve yumuriro wamashanyarazi mugihe uyihinduye. Muri iki gihe, intera y'urugingo rw'irembo hamwe na kalibiri ya DN400-DN600 ikorerwa mu Bushinwa muri rusange ni 8mm, kandi intera y'uruti rw'irembo hamwe na kalibiri iri hejuru ya DN600 muri rusange ni 10mm. Niba bishoboka, baza uruganda rukora amarembo kugirango rutandukane. Mugihe uhinduye amashanyarazi agenga amashanyarazi, niba uzi aho irembo ryimbere ryambere, niba uzi ko valve yumuryango iri mumwanya wose ufunze, ugomba kubanza guhindura igice "gifunze". Ubwa mbere, intoki zizunguruka irembo rya valve kumwanya wo gutangira, nkibiri cyangwa kimwe kizunguruka cyuruti. Noneho ugaburira muri power power hanyuma ukande kuri "On". Reba ihinduka. Niba gutandukana kwuruti rwa valve bihuye noguhindura uruti rwa valve mugihe valve ifunguye intoki ukurikije buto yo gufungura, byerekana ko umurongo utabogamye wa moteri uri mubyerekezo kimwe nubushakashatsi bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi bya valve. . Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwo kugenzura ingendo za rugi rugomba guhindurwa kugeza igice gifunze. Muri iki gihe, mugihe ufunguye irembo, ubare umubare wimpinduka zumuzenguruko wikizingo cyumuryango kugirango umenye niba kuri "gufungura". Niba ari irembo ryamashanyarazi ya DN500, intera yinyo yumuti ni 8mm, uruti rwa valve ruzunguruka rimwe kugirango rufungure 8mm, kandi isahani yuguruye yuzuye irakinguye igomba gukora imyitozo yo kwinonora imitsi hejuru ya 500mm, bityo igiti cyuzuye gifunguye gikeneye kuzunguruka. 500/8 = 62.5. Muri iki gihe, kanda urufunguzo rufunguye hanyuma ubare inshuro 63 zinjira mumarembo kumwanya "ufunguye", uhindure akanama gashinzwe kugenzura amashanyarazi kugenzura ingendo, kugirango uhindurwe uhindurwe mumwanya "ufunguye". Kuva icyo gihe, irembo ry'amashanyarazi rishobora kuzimya, gukingurwa no kongera kugenzurwa, kandi ihinduka ryarangiye. Niba amashanyarazi yumuryango wamashanyarazi ari mumwanya wo gufungura mbere yo guhinduka, bigomba guhinduka kugirango utangire umwanya, inzira ukurikije ibyavuzwe haruguru.
3 Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa nyuma yo guhinduka
Umwaka umwe nyuma yumuriro wumuriro wamashanyarazi ukoreshwa, reba niba imigozi ikosora mumashanyarazi yo guhinduranya uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro yaguye cyangwa yaguye. By'umwihariko, ZD urukurikirane rw'amashanyarazi agenga amashanyarazi (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4), indangagaciro zimwe z'irembo z'amashanyarazi zigaragara mugikorwa cyo gukoresha, impera yo hepfo yumuryango w irembo yunamye na plaque ya valve cyangwa impera yo hejuru yibikoresho byamashanyarazi byagenwe; guhuza urubavu rwacitse. Ni ukubera iki ufite uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro, cyane cyane iyo udahagaze, ntuzimye amashanyarazi, impamvu nuko icyuma gikosora imigozi igenga uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro cyarekuwe kugirango urekure umugozi ugenga a umwanya muremure wo gukaza isoko ya torsion, kugeza gusya isoko ya torsion, kugirango torque igabanya uburyo bwo gutakaza ingaruka, ntabwo ari buffer, biganisha kumarembo yamashanyarazi yangiza impanuka z'umutekano. Kubwibyo, buri mwaka kugirango urebe niba imigozi ihamye yaguye, niba imigozi ihamye irekuye igomba gukomera, hanyuma umenye impamvu yo kugwa mubyubaka.
Igitabo - amashanyarazi ahindura amashanyarazi ateganya ko ibikoresho byubukanishi byoroshye, byoroshye guhinduka, mugihe uhinduye igitabo, kugirango umenye neza ko amashanyarazi, mugihe habaye impanuka.
Kumwanya muremure cyane ufunguye, funga irembo valve kumashanyarazi asanzwe, kugirango imikorere isanzwe ikoreshwa. (Kuzunguruka buri mezi atatu birasabwa).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-24-2023
