Nta bisobanuro bya serivisi byemewe. Irashobora gufatwa nkikiguzi kinini cyo gusimbuza valve cyangwa imiterere yakazi igabanya ubushobozi bwo gutunganya.
Isi yose ikeneye kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro kugirango habeho kuzamura inyungu zinzego zose zifite uruhare muri serivisi mbi. Ibi biva kuri peteroli na gaze, ibikomoka kuri peteroli kugeza ingufu za kirimbuzi no kubyara amashanyarazi, gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro.
Abashushanya n'abashakashatsi bagerageza kugera kuriyi ntego muburyo butandukanye. Uburyo bukwiye cyane nukwongerera igihe no gukora neza mugucunga neza ibipimo ngenderwaho (nko guhagarika neza no kugenzura neza).
Gutezimbere umutekano nabyo bigira uruhare runini, kuko kugabanya umubare wabasimbuye bishobora kuganisha ku musaruro utekanye. Byongeye kandi, isosiyete ikora kugirango igabanye ibikoresho (harimo pompe na valve) ibarura kandi risabwa kujugunywa. Muri icyo gihe, abafite ibikoresho biteze ko ibintu byinshi biva mu mutungo wabo. Kubwibyo, kongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya bizavamo imiyoboro mike (ariko nini ya diameter nini) imiyoboro nibikoresho nibikoresho bike kumurongo umwe.
Ibi birerekana ko usibye kuba nini kuba nini ya diametre yagutse, ibice bitandukanye bya sisitemu bigomba no kwihanganira igihe kirekire guhura n’ibidukikije bikaze kugirango bigabanye gukenera serivisi no kuyisimbuza.
Ibigize birimo imipira na imipira ya valve bigomba kuba bikomeye kugirango bihuze ibyifuzo, ariko birashobora no kongera ubuzima bwabo. Nyamara, ikibazo nyamukuru hamwe nibisabwa byinshi nuko ibice byicyuma bigeze kumikorere yabyo. Ibi byerekana ko abashushanya bashobora kubona ubundi buryo bwibikoresho bitari ibyuma mubisabwa, cyane cyane ibikoresho byubutaka.
Ibipimo bisanzwe bisabwa kugirango ukore ibice mubihe bigoye harimo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya umunaniro, gukomera, imbaraga, no gukomera.
Kwihangana nikintu cyingenzi, kuko ibice bitarwanya imbaraga birashobora kunanirwa bikabije. Ubukomezi bwibikoresho bya ceramic bisobanurwa nkurwanya gukwirakwizwa. Rimwe na rimwe, birashobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa indentation kugirango ubone agaciro gakomeye. Gukoresha urumuri rumwe rwo gutemagura birashobora gutanga ibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima.
Imbaraga zifitanye isano no gukomera, ariko bivuga ingingo imwe aho ibintu byangiritse bikabije iyo hakoreshejwe stress. Bikunze kwitwa "modulus yo guturika", iboneka mugukora amanota atatu cyangwa amanota ane yo gupima imbaraga zo gupima inkoni yikizamini. Agaciro k'ikizamini cy'amanota atatu ni 1% hejuru y'agaciro k'ikizamini cy'amanota ane.
Nubwo umunzani mwinshi urimo ubukana bwa Rockwell hamwe nubukomezi bwa Vickers birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ubukana, igipimo cya microhardness ya Vickers kirakwiriye cyane kubikoresho byubutaka bwateye imbere. Ubukomezi burahinduka ugereranije no kwambara ibintu.
Mububiko bukora muburyo bwa cycle, umunaniro nicyo gihangayikishije cyane kubera guhora gufungura no gufunga valve. Umunaniro ni urwego rwimbaraga. Kurenga iyi mbago, ibikoresho bikunda kunanirwa munsi yububasha busanzwe bwo kugonda.
Kurwanya ruswa biterwa nibidukikije bikora hamwe nuburyo bukubiyemo ibikoresho. Usibye "hydrothermal degradation", ibikoresho byinshi byubutaka byateye imbere biruta ibyuma muriki gice, kandi ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bishingiye kuri zirconi bizahura na "hydrothermal degradation" nyuma yo guhura nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Uburinganire bwa geometrie, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ubukana nimbaraga zibigize bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi. Aka gace korohereza ubushyuhe bwinshi nubukomere, kuburyo ibyuma bishobora gukora neza. Nyamara, iterambere mubikoresho byubutaka noneho bitanga urwego rwemewe rwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro.
Ubukorikori buhanitse bwakoreshejwe imyaka myinshi kandi burazwi cyane mubashinzwe kwizerwa, abashinzwe inganda n’abashushanya valve bakeneye imikorere ihanitse kandi ifite agaciro gakomeye. Ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye bisabwa, birakwiriye muburyo butandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye. Nyamara, ibintu bine byateye imbere bifite akamaro kanini mubijyanye no gusaba indangagaciro zo kubungabunga, harimo karbide ya silicon (SiC), nitride ya silicon (Si3N4), alumina na zirconi. Ibikoresho byumupira wa valve na valve byatoranijwe ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye bisabwa.
Umuyoboro ukoresha uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwa zirconi, bufite coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe hamwe no gukomera nkibyuma. Magnesium oxyde igice cya zirconiya itajegajega (Mg-PSZ) ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije hamwe nubukomere, mugihe yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) irakomeye, ariko irashobora kwangirika kwa hydrothermal.
Nitride ya Silicon (Si3N4) ifite formulaire zitandukanye. Umuvuduko wa gazi yacuzwe na silicon nitride (GPPSN) nibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mububiko na valve. Usibye ubukana bwacyo buringaniye, ifite kandi imbaraga nimbaraga nyinshi, guhangana nubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Byongeye kandi, mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibidukikije, Si3N4 irashobora gusimbuza zirconi kugirango irinde kwangirika kwamazi.
Hamwe ningengo yimari ikaze, intumbero irashobora guhitamo muri SiC cyangwa alumina. Ibikoresho byombi bifite ubukana bwinshi, ariko ntibigoye kuruta zirconi cyangwa nitride ya silicon. Ibi birerekana ko ibikoresho bikwiranye cyane na static yibikoresho, nkibikoresho bya valve hamwe nintebe za valve, kuruta umupira cyangwa disikuru ishobora guhangayikishwa cyane.
Ugereranije nibikoresho byuma bikoreshwa mugusaba valve (harimo ferrochrome (CrFe), karbide ya tungsten, Hastelloy na Stellite), ibikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho bifite ubukana buke nimbaraga zisa.
Gusaba serivisi zisaba gukoresha ikoreshwa ryizunguruka, nkibinyugunyugu, trunnion, imipira ireremba hamwe nisoko. Mubikorwa nkibi, Si3N4 na zirconia bifite ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ubukana nimbaraga, kandi birashobora guhuza nibidukikije bisabwa cyane. Bitewe no gukomera no kurwanya ruswa yibikoresho, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwikubye inshuro nyinshi ubw'icyuma. Izindi nyungu zirimo ibiranga imikorere hejuru yubuzima bwa valve, cyane cyane mubice bikomeza ubushobozi bwo kugenzura no kugenzura.
Ibi byagaragaye mugihe cya 65mm (2,6 inch) valve kynar / RTFE umupira na liner byerekanwe na 98% acide sulfurike hiyongereyeho ilmenite, ilmenite ihinduka pigment ya titanium. Imiterere yibitangazamakuru isobanura ko ubuzima bwibi bice bushobora kumara ibyumweru bitandatu. Nyamara, ikoreshwa rya spherical valve trim (oxyde ya magnesium oxyde igice cya stabilisation zirconia (Mg-PSZ)) yakozwe na Nilcra ™ (Ishusho 1) ifite ubukana buhebuje kandi irwanya ruswa kandi imaze imyaka itatu itangwa. Serivise yigihe gito, nta kwambara kugaragara.
Mububiko bwumurongo (harimo na valve inguni, trottle valve cyangwa globe yisi), zirconia na nitride ya silicon ikwiranye nu byuma byombi byacometse hamwe nintebe za valve kubera ibirango bya "kashe ikomeye" biranga ibyo bicuruzwa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, alumina irashobora gukoreshwa mumirongo imwe n'imwe. Binyuze mumupira uhuza impeta yintebe, urwego rwo hejuru rwo gufunga rushobora kugerwaho.
Kububiko bwa valve, harimo na spol valve, inlet na outlet cyangwa valve umubiri bushing, ikintu icyo aricyo cyose mubikoresho bine byingenzi byubutaka birashobora gukoreshwa ukurikije ibisabwa. Ubukomere bukabije hamwe no kurwanya ruswa yibikoresho byagaragaye ko ari ingirakamaro mubikorwa byimikorere nubuzima bwa serivisi.
Fata urugero rwa DN150 ikinyugunyugu ikoreshwa mu ruganda rwa bauxite rwo muri Ositaraliya. Ibintu byinshi bya silika murwego rwo hagati bitera urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwambara kuri valve bushings. Disiki ya liner na valve yakoreshejwe muburyo bwambere ikozwe muri 28% ya CrFe kandi yamaze ibyumweru umunani cyangwa icumi gusa. Ariko, kubera kwinjiza indangagaciro zakozwe na Nilcra ™ zirconia (Ishusho 2), ubuzima bwa serivisi bwongerewe kugeza ku byumweru 70.
Bitewe nubukomezi nimbaraga zayo, ububumbyi bukora neza mubikorwa byinshi bya valve. Nyamara, ubukana bwabo no kurwanya ruswa bifasha kwagura ubuzima bwa valve. Na none, ibi byongera umutekano mukugabanya igihe cyo kugabanya ibice bisimburwa, kugabanya igishoro cyakazi no kubara, gukoresha intoki nkeya, no kugabanya kumeneka, bityo bikagabanya ibiciro byubuzima muri rusange.
Kuva kera, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho byubutaka mumashanyarazi yumuvuduko mwinshi byabaye kimwe mubibazo byingenzi, kubera ko iyi mibande ikorerwa imitwaro myinshi ya axial cyangwa torsional. Ariko, abakinyi bakomeye muriki gice barimo gutegura imipira ya valve itera kuzamura ubuzima bwumuriro.
Ibindi bigarukira ni ubunini. Ingano yintebe nini nini nini nini (Ishusho 3) yakozwe na magnesia igice cya zirconi gihamye igice ni DN500 na DN250. Nyamara, abantu benshi basobanura neza bahitamo gukoresha ububumbyi kugirango bakore ibice ibipimo bitarenze ibyo bipimo.
Nubwo ubu bimaze kugaragara ko ibikoresho byubutaka bishobora gukoreshwa nkuguhitamo gukwiye, haracyari amabwiriza yoroshye yo gukurikiza kugirango ibikorwa byayo bigerweho. Ibikoresho byubutaka bigomba gukoreshwa mbere gusa niba bikenewe kugabanya ibiciro. Haba imbere no hanze bigomba kwirinda inguni zikarishye no guhangayikishwa cyane.
Ikintu cyose gishobora kwaguka cyumuriro kidahuye kigomba gusuzumwa mugihe cyicyiciro. Kugirango ugabanye impagarara, ni ngombwa kugumisha ceramic hanze aho kuba imbere. Hanyuma, gukenera kwihanganira geometrike no kurangiza hejuru bigomba gusuzumwa neza, kuko ibyo kwihanganira bishobora kongera cyane ibiciro bitari ngombwa.
Mugukurikiza aya mabwiriza nibikorwa byiza muguhitamo ibikoresho no guhuza nabatanga isoko kuva umushinga watangira, igisubizo cyiza kirashobora kugerwaho kuri buri serivisi isaba serivisi.
Aya makuru yabonetse, asubirwamo kandi ahindurwa mubikoresho byatanzwe na Morgan Advanced Materials.
Morgan Ibikoresho Byambere-Ubukorikori bwa tekinike. (28 Ugushyingo 2019). Ibikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho bikwiranye na serivise zikomeye. AZoM. Yakuwe kuri https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?Ar ArticleID = 12305 ku ya 9 Werurwe 2021.
Morgan Ibikoresho Byambere-Ubukorikori bwa tekinike. “Ibikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho kubikorwa bya serivise zikomeye”. AZoM. Ku ya 9 Werurwe 2021.
Morgan Ibikoresho Byambere-Ubukorikori bwa tekinike. “Ibikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho kubikorwa bya serivise zikomeye”. AZoM. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?IngingoID=12305. (Yemezwa ku ya 9 Werurwe 2021).
Morgan Ibikoresho Byambere-Ubukorikori bwa tekinike. 2019. Ibikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho bikwiranye na serivise zikomeye. AZoM, kureba igihe ni 9 Werurwe 2021, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx? IngingoID = 12305.
Elodie Verzoli numuyobozi wibicuruzwa bya UHV ibisubizo kuri OSAY PHYSICS (ishami rya TOH). Yabajijwe imikorere yingenzi ya NanoSpace n'impamvu yabaye igice cyingenzi mubicuruzwa bya TOH.
Muri iki kiganiro, Rohit Ramnath, injeniyeri mukuru w’ibicuruzwa muri AZoM na Master Bond, baganiriye ku ngingo yo kuvura hejuru n’impamvu isabwa gukomera neza.
Muri iki kiganiro, umuyobozi w’ibikorwa bya AZoM na TRB, Francis Arthur yavuze ku bisubizo by’ubwikorezi bwa TRB n’ibicuruzwa bikomatanyije.
X500-25BC-600 ni compact desktop yashyizweho-hejuru yisanduku yo kwikuramo. Iza ifite selile 4 zipakurura imitwaro kugirango itezimbere ukuri no kwihanganira imitwaro itaringaniye. Kugenzura mudasobwa hamwe na drives ikomeye ya servo irashobora kugera kubwukuri butangaje.
Evactron U50 Plasma Detergent yagenewe ibikoresho bikunda gukoresha insinga ikoraho insinga kugirango isukure porogaramu.
Thermo Scientific ™ MIC-6 ibikoresho byinshi bya kalibatori nibyo byuzuzanya neza na TVA2020 iyobora inganda, itezimbere kandi igatwara igihe cyo kunoza igenzura rya LDAR.
Dukoresha kuki kugirango tunoze uburambe. Mugukomeza gushakisha kururu rubuga, wemera gukoresha kuki. Andi makuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-10-2021
