Isiphi isidingo sikawoyela negesi esilungele ama-valve epayipi lepayipi ukushayela ukuphepha kwemakethe yamapayipi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okudingeka kuvikelwe umthetho

Isiphi isidingo sikawoyela negesi esilungele ama-valve epayipi lepayipi ukushayela ukuphepha kwemakethe yamapayipi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okudingeka kuvikelwe umthetho

Ifanele izinga lokushisa le-valve yepayipi yesitimu ingaphansi kuka-425 ℃ ngokuyisisekelo ingakhetha: i-valve yesango, i-valve enqamuliwe. Khetha i-valve yengxubevange engaphezu kuka-400 ℃. I-valve yesango isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-valve yesitimu esikhulu epayipini lesitimu, okungukuthi, ivalvu engavulwa futhi ivalwe. I-valve ye-globe isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi abasebenzisi abaseduze nemishini ye-valve, ngoba le valve inomphumela omuhle wokulawula ukugeleza. Ifanele izinga lokushisa le-valve yepayipi yesitimu ingaphansi kuka-425 ℃ ngokuyisisekelo ingakhetha: i-valve yesango, i-valve enqamuliwe.
Khetha i-alloy valve engaphezu kuka-400 ℃.
I-valve yesango isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-valve yesitimu esikhulu epayipini lesitimu, okungukuthi, ivalvu engavulwa futhi ivalwe.
I-valve ye-globe isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi abasebenzisi abaseduze nemishini ye-valve, ngoba le valve inomphumela omuhle wokulawula ukugeleza.
I-valve yokukhetha ipayipi le-steam iwukubona ngokuyinhloko izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, umsebenzi kanye nendawo yokufaka.
Ingabe amavalvu ovemvane angasetshenziswa kumapayipi esitimu?
Uma isetshenziselwa ipayipi le-steam, akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-valve ye-butterfly, ngoba ingcindezi ku-valve uvemvane inkulu, ukushintshwa kunzima ukusebenza, kulula ukulimaza indawo yokuvala, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukushintshwa nokucisha njalo, ukusebenza njenge-valve yesango;
Kodwa-ke, uma ingcindezi yepayipi ingekho phezulu kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-6.4mpa), ingasetshenziswa futhi, kodwa ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-valve butterfly yensimbi eqinile, ingakhetha i-valve butterfly eccentric yomzimba we-WCB. , kufanele inake isiqondiso sokugeleza lapho ifaka, ipayipi kufanele igcinwe ihlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuvimbela i-slag yokushisela enamathele endaweni yokuvala, ukuvala kalula ngokukhululekile.
Isidingo sikawoyela negesi siqhubekisela phambili ukuphepha kwemakethe ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ngokuvikelwa komthetho, njengoba isidingo sethu sikawoyela negesi sikhula, ukwakhiwa kwepayipi kuhlala kusesikhathini sokukhula esiqhubekayo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zomfutho ophakeme, indawo ephakathi nendawo eshisayo neqhumayo futhi ebucayi yepayipi likawoyela negesi, ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokuthuthwa kwamapayipi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlonza ingozi yamapayipi kanye nokulawula kubhekene nezinkinga eziphuthumayo. Sekuyaphuthuma ukwakha ulayini wokuvikela wezomthetho ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kwamapayipi ngokucabanga komthetho.
Isidingo sikawoyela negesi siqhuba ukuphepha kwemakethe yamapayipi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kudinga ukuvikelwa ngumthetho
Kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo nezinzile yomnotho waseShayina kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu, isidingo sikawoyela negesi siyanda, futhi ukwakhiwa kwepayipi laseShayina bekusesikhathini sokukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izingozi zokuphepha kwamapayipi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nazo ziyanda.
Ngaphansi kwesu lokuthuthukisa Ibhande elilodwa kanye Nomgwaqo owodwa ezweni lakithi, ibanga elingamakhilomitha okusebenza kwamapayipi kawoyela negesi lizoba lide kakhulu, ingozi yokuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nayo izokhula. Indlela ** kuyinkinga abaphathi okufanele babhekane nayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamapayipi kawoyela negesi
Ngokusho kwedatha edalulwe kuze kube manje, i-China yayinamakhilomitha angu-106,000 amapayipi kawoyela negesi ngo-2014, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 alawulwa yi-petrochina, i-Sinopec ne-CNOOC. Kulindeleke ukuthi ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2015, amapayipi kawoyela negesi aseShayina afinyelele kumakhilomitha ayi-150 000, kanti kuzokwakhiwa uhlelo oluphelele lwamapayipi angaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ngokuvamile, inethiwekhi yamapayipi kawoyela ongahluziwe waseShayina yaqala ukwakheka. Uxhaxha lwamapayipi omgogodla kawoyela ongahluziwe selusunguliwe, futhi amapayipi esifunda asethuthukisiwe. Isakhiwo senethiwekhi yamapayipi kawoyela ongahluziwe waseChina enyakatho-mpumalanga, enyakatho-ntshonalanga, eNyakatho yeChina, eMpumalanga yeChina, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezisogwini zezindawo zokulondoloza uwoyela ongahluziwe njengesixhumanisi, esihlanganisa amabhizinisi amakhulu ezwe okuhluzwa namakhemikhali kanye nezisekelo zokugcina, amapayipi kawoyela ongahluziwe igxile emachwebeni asemngceleni nasemachwebeni asogwini, enyakatho-mpumalanga, ezindaweni zikawoyela ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga, eNyakatho naseMpumalanga yeChina.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho waseShayina, isidingo sikawoyela ocolisisiwe siphezulu, futhi umkhuba wokuxhumana kawoyela ocolisisiwe nawo uyaqina. Inethiwekhi yamapayipi kawoyela acolisisiwe anezindawo zokuhluzwa, amadepho okudlulisa uwoyela acolisisiwe kanye nezindawo zokugcina njengomgogodla wemakethe yabathengi senziwe ezweni lonke. Kulindeleke ukuthi ekupheleni koHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-12 Lweminyaka Emihlanu, ubude bamapayipi kawoyela acolisisiwe waseChina kulindeleke ukuba bube ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-30 000.
Khonamanjalo, ukwakhiwa kwepayipi legesi yemvelo nakho kuthuthuka ngokushesha. Njengamanje, uxhaxha lwamapayipi omgogodla wegesi yemvelo selusungulwe ngaphambilini.
Ngaphezu kwamapayipi asogwini, iChina yakha amapayipi amakhulu kawoyela negesi angaphansi kolwandle, okuhlanganisa indawo yegesi ejiyayo i-Jinzhou 20-2 eya epayipini elingaphansi kwamanzi ogwini, indawo yegesi ye-Boxi eya epayipini elingaphansi kolwandle i-Tianjin, i-Bohai Suizhong 36-1 indawo kawoyela engasogwini ukuya epayipini likamkhumbi-ngwenya ogwini. , njll.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ipayipi likawoyela ongahluziwe laseChina-Kazakhstan, ipayipi legesi yemvelo e-Asia Ephakathi, ipayipi likawoyela negesi lase-China-Myanmar, ipayipi likawoyela ongahluziwe lase-China-Russia kanye nephaseji eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga yoLwandle, okungamapayipi amakhulu amaningana anamandla aphesheya, nawo axhumanisa asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. izinsiza zikawoyela negesi eduze kakhulu.
Ukuphepha kwamapayipi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuveza izinkinga ezintsha
Amapayipi kawoyela negesi abonakala ngomfutho ophezulu, indawo yokuthutha evuthayo kanye neziqhumane, kanye nendawo ebucayi. Ukumba nokwakhiwa okungahleliwe eceleni kwepayipi kanye nokulimala komuntu wesithathu kuthinta kabi ukusebenza ngokuphephile kwamapayipi kawoyela negesi, futhi kuletha izinsongo ezinkulu ekuphepheni kwempilo nempahla yabanikazi bezakhiwo ezingekho emthethweni nabakhi abangekho emthethweni.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yamapayipi eShayina, ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokuthuthwa kwamapayipi kuyinto ekhathaza kakhulu, futhi ukuhlonza ubungozi nokulawulwa kwamapayipi kubhekene nenkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe. Ngokombono wamanje, isimo sisonke sokuvikela ukuphepha kwamapayipi siba ngcono. Kodwa ezinye izinkinga azikwazi ukushaywa indiva, kukhona ikakhulukazi izici ezilandelayo.
Esinye isimo esibucayi sokumba nokweba uwoyela. Ezinye izehlakalo zokwebiwa kukawoyela zibonisa izici ezintsha zobuhlakani nolwazi olukhethekile. Isifundazwe saseShandong, i-Hebei ne-Liaoning kuseyizindawo ezinezigameko eziningi.
Okwesibili ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kwekhebula le-optical. Ikhebula lokuxhumana lamapayipi liyisisekelo sokulawula kude nokuphathwa kwedijithali kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi kawoyela negesi. Ngokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi asanda kwakhiwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, umthelela wokugqashuka kwekhebula ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kwamabhizinisi amapayipi agqama kakhulu.
Okwesithathu, ukuphuthuma kokuhlanza umthwalo wamapayipi.
Okwesine, inkimbinkimbi yokuphathwa kokuqapha ukwakhiwa kwenkampani yangaphandle. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kokwakhiwa komnotho kazwelonke, ukwakhiwa kobunjiniyela eduze kwepayipi kuya ngokuya kuvame, futhi isibalo sazo zonke izinhlobo zokwakhiwa kwesiphambano sikhuphuka.
Inkampani yamaphayiphi umuntu ongaphakathi esifundweni icabanga, ngokombono wepayipi lokuphepha nokuphepha kwepayipi lokuphepha kwemvelo libhekana nezingozi ezimbalwa: ukuhlela nokwakhiwa kwedolobha, amaphutha okukhiqiza nokwakhiwa, ukugqwala kwamapayipi, ukuguga, inqubo ukusebenza okungalungile, ukubhoboza ibhodlela. , ukulimala komuntu wesithathu, ukwakhiwa kwenkampani yangaphandle, ukubopha amapayipi, izinhlekelele zemvelo, njll.
Ngokwalokhu, abaphathi bamapayipi kufanele balungele ukuhlonza ingozi nokulawula, usetha ingozi ingavinjelwa, umqondo wengozi ungaba ukulawulwa kuqala, usebenzisa ukuhlolwa komzimba we-tube yesayensi, ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, ukuhlolwa kobungozi, izindlela zokuhlonza ubungozi, njengokudlula indlela yesayensi nenengqondo yokulungisa amapayipi, ukugcinwa, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, nezinye izindlela, into ngayinye, ubungozi bokulawula, Ubungozi bepayipi bungalawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo.
Sungula ukucabanga okusemthethweni kwepayipi likawoyela negesi
Ukusebenzisa ukucabanga okusemthethweni kanye nendlela yomthetho yokuvikela amapayipi kanye nokwakha indlela yokuvikela amapayipi ngaphansi kohlaka lomthetho yizincazelo ezibalulekile zomthetho. Ikakhulukazi, sekuphuthuma ukwakha umugqa wokuvikela wezomthetho ngokucabanga komthetho.
Umthetho Wokuphepha Kwezisetshenziswa Ezikhethekile, owaqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-1 Januwari, 2014, uhlanganise amapayipi okuthutha amabanga amade endaweni yokuphatha imishini ekhethekile, futhi ubeke izimfuneko eziphakeme zokufakwa kwamapayipi, ukuhlola, ukubhaliswa, ukusetshenziswa, ukuhlolwa, ukugadwa nokuphathwa. kanye nokuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo. Umthetho Wokuphepha Emsebenzini, owaqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-1 Disemba 2014, uhlanganisa ukuqaliswa kwesistimu yesibopho sokuphepha emsebenzini endaweni yokugada nokuhlola, usungula uhlelo lokuhlonza nokubhekana nezingozi ezifihliwe, futhi wandise izinhlawulo zokwephula. Umthetho Wokuvikela Imvelo, oqale ukusebenza ngo-January 1, 2015, uthuthukise izinhlelo ezingu-10 zokuvikela imvelo emabhizinisini nasezikhungweni zikahulumeni, futhi ubeke izidingo eziphakeme zokuvimbela izingozi nokulahlwa kwamapayipi ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo.
Kuyivelakancane emlandweni weShayina ukumisa nokusebenzisa imithetho efanele emelene namabhizinisi ekuminyana okuphezulu kangako. Sesifikile isikhathi sokuthi iChina ibuse amabhizinisi ngokomthetho. Nokho, usemningi umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe imithetho efanele, futhi ipayipi elisemthethweni lisenendlela ethile okufanele liyihambe.
Ngaphansi kwesizinda somthetho, ukukhiqizwa kokuphepha kwamapayipi kufanele kuhambisane nomgomo wokuphepha, ukuvimbela kuqala nokuphatha okuphelele. Ukwenza ngcono imithetho neziqondiso, ukuncika ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ukuqinisa ucwaningo lwenqubomgomo njengesinyathelo sokuqala, ekuqondiseni ukuthotshelwa komthetho, ukulungisa okukhethekile njengezindlela, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemithetho neziqondiso, izinqubomgomo zezomnotho nezinye izindlela, ukukhuthaza amayunithi afanele ngokuhambisana nomthetho, ngokwesayensi, ngaphambi kokuphathwa kwezokuphepha, kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yemfanelo yokuvikela izikhungo zamapayipi.
Ukuze kuqiniswe ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwezomthetho, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo evela emthonjeni wohlelo lwezomthetho yokuqondisa nokuphatha ngokulandela umthetho.
Abasebenzi bamabhizinisi amapayipi kufanele baqale bajwayelane nemithethonqubo futhi benze izinto ngokulandela umthetho; Bambisana neziphathimandla zendawo ukwenza imisebenzi yokukhangisa nokufundisa ngobuningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashisa ngokusemthethweni nokuqaphela ukuphepha kwendawo yamapayipi. Hlanganisa amabhuku okufundisa ngezokuphepha ngamapayipi kawoyela negesi bese uwasabalalisa emazingeni aphansi. Qoqa Imanuwali enemifanekiso emihle neqondakala kalula yokuvikelwa kwePipeline, ** uyisabalalise kubantu bendawo, futhi usebenzisane neziphathimandla zendawo emsebenzini wokukhangisa.
Amabhizinisi amapayipi kawoyela negesi kufanele axhumanise, asebenzisane futhi axhumane nayo yonke iminyango kahulumeni kanye nezixhumanisi ezifanele zomphakathi. Idlala ngokugcwele indima yemisebenzi yokulungiswa okukhethekile kokuvikeleka komphakathi nokuhleleka ezizindeni zikawoyela negesi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi kawoyela negesi, kubandakanye iminyango yokuphatha yezokwakha amadolobha nokuhlela umhlaba, futhi icacise izibopho zayo ngokulandelana kwazo. Hlola kancane kancane ukusungulwa kwendlela yokuqapha ukuphepha kwamapayipi kawoyela negesi yesikhathi eside.
Amabhizinisi amapayipi kufanele agxile ekuthuthukiseni inhlangano, uhlelo, isibopho, ukugada, isistimu kanye nesiqinisekiso sesikhwama, athuthukise uhlelo lwemithwalo yemisebenzi, futhi asebenzise umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokukhiqiza ukuphepha kwebhizinisi; Yenza kahle uhlelo oluphuthumayo, qinisa inhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo nohlelo oluphuthumayo; Ukuqinisa ukuqapha nokulawulwa kwemithombo eyingozi enkulu; Ukusetha izimpawu nezimpawu zokuxwayisa zamapayipi kawoyela negesi yemvelo; Ukwenza ngcono i-HSE(impilo, ukuphepha, imvelo) uhlelo lokuphatha; Ukuqinisa ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuphepha kwabaphathi nabasebenzi kuwo wonke amazinga; Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bedatha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphatha; Khulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe, uthuthukise izinga lezinto zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe kanye nepayipi kanye nekhwalithi yokubeka.
Ukuze silawule amabhizinisi ngokomthetho, kufanele sibe nolwazi lwezomthetho futhi sithuthukise ikhono lokusingatha izindaba ngokuvumelana nomthetho. Ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwezomthetho, ukwenza ngcono izinga lokusebenza nokuphatha, futhi kuzuzwe ukusebenza okusemthethweni nokuthobelayo; Ukuqinisa imfundo yezomthetho kanye nokwazisa umphakathi ukuze kwakhiwe isimo esihle sokuphatha; Ifakwe izisebenzi zezomthetho ezichwepheshile ukuze zivikele amalungelo nezintshisakalo zamabhizinisi ngokomthetho; Qinisa ukwakhiwa kwesiko lebhizinisi, sungula umqondo webhizinisi lokuhlonishwa kanye nehlazo, yakha ngempela isimo sombono womphakathi esilawula ibhizinisi ngokomthetho.