Ndeipi mafuta uye gasi inodiwa inokodzera mavharuvhu epombi yekufambisa pombi kuchengetedzwa kwemusika uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kunoda kuchengetedzwa nemutemo.
Inokodzera tembiricha yepombi pombi isingasviki 425 ℃ inogona kusarudza: vharafu yegedhi, yakachekwa-vharuvhu. Sarudza alloy valve pamusoro pe400 ℃. Ivhavhavha yegedhi inonyanya kushandiswa kune iyo huru vharafu mupombi yehutsi, kureva, vharafu isingawanzo batidzwa nekudzimwa. Globe valve inonyanya kushandiswa kune vashandisi padyo nemidziyo yevharuvhu, nekuti iyi valve ine yakanaka yekudzora mhedzisiro pakuyerera. Inokodzera tembiricha yepombi pombi isingasviki 425 ℃ inogona kusarudza: vharafu yegedhi, yakachekwa-vharuvhu.
Sarudza alloy valve pamusoro pe400 ℃.
Ivhavhavha yegedhi inonyanya kushandiswa kune iyo huru vharafu mupombi yehutsi, kureva, vharafu isingawanzo batidzwa nekudzimwa.
Globe valve inonyanya kushandiswa kune vashandisi padyo nemidziyo yevharuvhu, nekuti iyi valve ine yakanaka yekudzora mhedzisiro pakuyerera.
Steam pombi yekusarudza vharafu inonyanya kuona tembiricha, kudzvanywa, basa uye chinzvimbo chekuisa.
Ko mavharuvhu eshavishavi anogona kushandiswa papombi dzeutsi here?
Kana yakashandiswa pombi yemhepo, hazvikurudzirwe kushandisa shavivhavhavha, nekuti kumanikidza kuri muvhavhavhavhavha yakakura, switch yacho yakaoma kushanda, iri nyore kukuvadza nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso, saka haigone kuvharwa nekudzima nguva zhinji, mukati. kushanda sevhavha yegedhi;
Nekudaro, kana pombi yekumanikidza isiri yakanyanya kukwirira (pasi pe6.4mpa), inogona zvakare kushandiswa, asi nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa simbi yakaoma seal butterfly valve, inogona kusarudza eccentric butterfly valve yemuviri WCB. , inofanirwa kutarisisa kuyerera kwekuyerera paunenge uchiisa, pombi inofanira kuchengetwa yakachena sezvinobvira, kudzivirira welding slag yakanamatira munzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso, nyore kuvhara zvakasununguka.
Oiri negasi zvinoda kutyaira pombi yemusika kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedzwa kwemutemo, sezvo kudiwa kwedu kweoiri negesi kuri kuwedzera, kuvakwa kwepombi kunogara kuri munguva yekukura. Nekuda kwehunhu hwekudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro, kupisa uye kuputika kwepakati uye kusinganzwisisike pombi yemafuta negasi, kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwekufambisa kwepombi ndiko kunonyanya kunetseka. Kuzivikanwa kwepipeline njodzi uye kutonga kwakatarisana nematambudziko ekukurumidza. Zvave zvekukurumidzira kuvaka tambo yekudzivirira yemutemo kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwepombi nekufunga kwekutonga kwemutemo.
Oiri uye gasi kudiwa kunotyaira kuchengetedzeka kwemusika wepombi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kunoda kuchengetedzwa nemutemo
Pamwe chete nekusimudzira uye kwakagadzikana budiriro yehupfumi hweChinese uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu, kudiwa kwemafuta negesi kuri kuwedzera, uye kuvakwa kwepombi yeChinese kwave munguva yekukura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, njodzi dzekuchengetedzwa kwepombi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zviri kuwedzerawo.
Pasi pehurongwa hwekuvandudza kweBhandi rimwe uye Mugwagwa mumwe munyika yedu, mileage yemafuta uye gasi pombi yekufambisa ichawedzera uye yakareba, kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza njodzi ichawedzerawo. Maitiro e** idambudziko rinofanirwa kutarisana nemamaneja.
Kukurumidza kukura kwemafuta uye gasi mapaipi
Zvinoenderana nedata rakaziviswa kusvika pari zvino, China yaive ne106,000 makiromita emapombi emafuta negesi panosvika 2014, inopfuura 70 muzana inodzorwa nepetrochina, Sinopec uye CNOOC. Zvinotarisirwa kuti panopera gore ra2015, pombi dzemafuta negasi dzekuChina dzichasvika makiromita zana nemakumi mashanu ezviuru, uye hurongwa hwemadandemutande hwemapombi emunyika neekunze huchange hwaumbwa.
Kazhinji, Chinese crude oil pipeline network yakatanga kuumbwa. Iyo isina kuchena mafuta musana pombi network yakave yakaumbwa, uye redunhu pombi network yakagadziridzwa zvakare. China's crude oil pombi network dhizaini kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, North China, East China, maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero, kumahombekombe uye kumahombekombe enzvimbo dzemafuta asina kuchena nzvimbo dzekuchengetera sechibatanidza, inofukidza nyika huru yekunatsa uye mabhizinesi emakemikari uye mabhesi ekuchengetedza, mapaipi emafuta asina kuchena ari. yakatarisana mumiganhu yezviteshi uye zviteshi zvemahombekombe, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenzvimbo dzemafuta uye maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero, Maodzanyemba neEast China.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukurumidza kukura kwehupfumi hweChinese, kudiwa kwemafuta akacheneswa kwakakwira, uye maitiro etiweki emafuta akacheneswa ari kusimbisa zvakare. Iyo yakacheneswa pombi pombi network ine marefineries, yakanatswa mafuta ekufambisa madhipatimendi uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera semusana wemusika wevatengi wakagadzirwa munyika yose. Zvinotarisirwa kuti panopera chirongwa cheGumi nembiri cheMakore mashanu, kureba kwemapombi emafuta akacheneswa eChina anotarisirwa kudarika makiromita makumi matatu ezviuru.
Zvichakadaro, kuvakwa kwepombi yegasi rechisikigo kuri kusimukirawo nekukurumidza. Parizvino, pombi yepapeline network yegasi chaiyo yakaumbwa pakutanga.
Pamusoro pemapombi ekumahombekombe, China yakavaka mapaipi makuru epasi pegungwa negasi, anosanganisira Jinzhou 20-2 condensate gasi pombi kumahombekombe epasi pemvura pombi, Boxi gasi rinoenda kuTianjin submarine pombi, Bohai Suizhong 36-1 offshore oiri pombi kuenda kumahombekombe kwepasi pemvura pombi. , nezvimwewo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, China-Kazakhstan crude oil pombi, Central Asia gasi rechisikigo pombi, China-Myanmar oiri uye gasi pombi, China-Russia isina crude oil pombi uye Southeast Sea passage, ari akati wandei makuru emagetsi epasi rese mapaipi, zvakare anobatanidza mudzimba nekunze. mafuta uye gasi zviwanikwa zvakanyanya pedyo.
Kuchengetedzeka kwepombi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kunopa matambudziko matsva
Oiri uye gasi mapaipi anoratidzwa nekumanikidza kwakanyanya, kupisa uye kuputika kwekufambisa kwepakati, uye nharaunda inonzwisa tsitsi. Kuchera nekuvakwa zvisina tsarukano padivi pepombi uye kukuvara kwebato rechitatu kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwakachengeteka kwemapombi emafuta negasi, uye kunounza kutyisidzira kwakakomba kuchengetedzeka kwehupenyu uye pfuma yevaridzi vezvivakwa zvisiri pamutemo nevashandi vekuvaka zvisiri pamutemo.
Naizvozvo, nekukurumidza kusimudzira kweindasitiri yepombi muChina, kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwekufambisa kwepombi kunonyanya kunetseka, uye kuzivikanwa kwenjodzi uye kutonga kwepombi kwakatarisana nedambudziko rekukurumidzira kugadziriswa. Kubva pakuona kwazvino, mamiriro ese ekuchengetedza kwepombi ekuchengetedza ari kuita nani. Asi mamwe matambudziko haagone kufuratirwa, pane kunyanya zvinotevera zvinhu.
Imwe inyaya yakakomba yekuchera nekuba mafuta. Dzimwe nyaya dzekubiwa kwemafuta dzinoratidza hunhu hutsva hwehungwaru uye hunyanzvi. Shandong Province, Hebei neLiaoning ichiri nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzezviitiko.
Chechipiri ndiko kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwetambo ye optical. Pipelining yekutaurirana tambo ndiyo ibwe rekona reremote control uye dhijitari manejimendi emafuta uye gasi pombi network. Nekugadzirwa kwemapombi achangobva kuvakwa mumakore achangopfuura, pesvedzero yekupwanya kwetambo pakugadzira uye kushanda kwemabhizinesi epombi iri kuwedzera zvakanyanya.
Chechitatu, kukurumidza kuchenesa pombi mutoro.
Chechina, kuoma kwechitatu-bato rekuvaka monitoring manejimendi. Nekukurumidza kusimudzira kwekuvaka hupfumi hwenyika, kuvaka engineering padivi pepombi iri kuwedzera kuwanda, uye huwandu hwemarudzi ese ekuvaka muchinjiko *** inokwira.
Kambani yepipeline munhu ari mukati menguva yekudzidza anofunga, kubva pamaonero ekuchengetedzwa kwepombi uye chengetedzo yepombi yekuchengetedza nharaunda inonyanya kutarisana nenjodzi dzakati wandei: kuronga kwemadhorobha nekuvaka, kugadzira nekuvaka kukanganisa, kuparara kwepombi, kuchembera, maitiro ekuita zvisirizvo, kubaya bunkering. , yechitatu bato kukuvara, yechitatu bato kuvaka, pombi kusunga, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, nezvimwe.
Zvinoenderana neizvi, mamaneja epombi anofanirwa kunge akagadzirira kuzivikanwa uye kutonga, kumisa tsaona inogona kudzivirirwa, pfungwa yenjodzi inogona kuve yekudzora, vachishandisa sainzi tube body test, kuyedza nharaunda, kuongororwa kwenjodzi, nzira dzekuziva njodzi, senge kuburikidza ne zvesainzi uye zvine musoro nzira pombi kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa, uye kunatsiridza chimbichimbi utariri, uye dzimwe nzira, chinhu nechinhu, kudzora ngozi, The pombi ngozi inogona kudzorwa mukati inogamuchirwa siyana.
Gadzira kufunga kwepamutemo kwepombi yemafuta uye gasi
Kushandisa kufunga kwemutemo uye nzira yepamutemo yekudzivirira mapaipi uye kuvaka pombi yekudzivirira nzira pasi pemutemo wemutemo ndizvo zvakakosha zvehutongi hwemutemo. Kunyanya, zvave zvekukurumidzira kuvaka tambo yekudzivirira yemutemo nekutonga kwemutemo kufunga.
Mutemo weSpecial Equipment Safety Law, uyo wakatanga kushanda muna Ndira 1, 2014, wakabatanidza mapaipi ekufambisa akareba kupinda munzvimbo yekutonga yemidziyo yakakosha, uye akamisa zvinodiwa zvepamusoro pakuiswa kwepombi, kuyedza, kunyoresa, kushandisa, kuongorora, kutarisa uye manejimendi. uye kununura kwechimbichimbi. Mutemo Wekuchengetedza Webasa, uyo wakatanga kushanda musi waZvita 1, 2014, unosanganisira kushandiswa kwehurongwa hwekuchengetedza basa muchikamu chetariro nekuongorora, unomisa hurongwa hwekuona nekugadzirisa njodzi dzakavanzwa, uye kuwedzera zvirango zvekutyora. Mutemo weEnvironment Protection, uyo wakatanga kushanda muna Ndira 1, 2015, wakavandudza masisitimu gumi ekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kumabhizinesi nemasangano everuzhinji, uye akaisa mberi zvinodiwa zvepamusoro pakudzivirira tsaona uye kuraswa kwepombi nechimbichimbi.
Kashoma munhoroondo yeChina kudzika nekushandisa mitemo yakakodzera inopokana nemabhizinesi ane huzhinji hwakadai. Yasvika nguva yekuti China itonge mabhizinesi maererano nemutemo. Zvisinei, pachine basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa mitemo yakakodzera isati yatanga kushandiswa, uye pombi yepamutemo ichine imwe nzira yekufamba nayo.
Pasi pemamiriro emutemo, kugadzirwa kwepombi yekuchengetedza kunofanirwa kutevedzera musimboti wekuchengetedza, kudzivirira kutanga uye kwakazara manejimendi. Kuvandudza mitemo nemirau, kuvimba nekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kusimbisa kutsvagisa kwemitemo sedanho rekutanga, kutarisisa kwemutemo, kururamisa kwakakosha senzira, kushandiswa kwakakwana kwemitemo nemirau, marongero ehupfumi nedzimwe nzira, kusimudzira zvikamu zvinoenderana zvinoenderana nemutemo, sainzi, pamberi pekuchengetedza manejimendi, mhanyisa kuumbwa kwepombi zvivako zvekuchengetedza basa rekuita basa.
Kusimbisa kuvakwa kwehurongwa hwemutemo, kuedza kunofanirwa kuitwa kubva kutsime remitemo yekutarisa uye kutonga zvinoenderana nemutemo.
Vashandi vemakambani epombi vanofanira kutanga vaziva mitemo uye kuita zvinhu maererano nemutemo; Batira pamwe nevakuru venzvimbo kuita kushambadza kwakawanda uye zviitiko zvedzidzo kuvandudza ruzivo rwemutemo uye kuziva nezvekuchengetedzwa kwepombi. Gadzira oiri uye gasi pombi edziviriro edziviriro mabhuku uye ugoaparadzira kuzvikamu zvakadzika. Nyora bhuku rine mifananidzo yakanaka uye riri nyore kunzwisisa Pipeline Protection Publicity Manual, ** rigovere kuvanhu veko, uye shandira pamwe nevakuru venzvimbo mubasa rekushambadza.
Mabhizinesi epombi yeoiri negasi anofanirwa kurongeka, kubatana uye kutaurirana nemapazi ese ehurumende uye hukama hwakakodzera munharaunda. Ipa kutamba kwakazara kune basa rekugadzirisa zviitiko zvekuchengetedza veruzhinji uye kurongeka muminda yemafuta negasi uye kugadzirwa kwepombi yemafuta negasi, zvinosanganisira madhipatimendi ekutonga ekuvaka kwemadhorobha uye kuronga kwevhu, uye kujekesa mabasa avo. Zvishoma nezvishoma ongorora kugadzwa kweoiri uye gasi pombi yekuchengetedza chengetedzo yenguva refu meshini.
Mabhizinesi epaipi anofanirwa kutarisa pakuvandudza sangano, hurongwa, mutoro, kutungamira, hurongwa uye mari garandi, kuvandudza iyo post mutoro system, uye kuita basa guru rekugadzira bhizinesi rekuchengetedza; Pedzisa hurongwa hwekukurumidzira, simbisa iyo organic musanganiswa nehurongwa hwekukurumidzira; Kusimbisa kutariswa nekudzora kwenzvimbo huru dzenjodzi; Kumisikidza zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zveyambiro kune mafuta uye gasi chaiwo mapaipi; Kuvandudza HSE (hutano, chengetedzo, nharaunda) manejimendi system; Kusimbisa kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza kwemaneja nevashandi pamatanho ese; Tsvagiridzo uye kusimudzira data tekinoroji uye manejimendi tekinoroji; Wedzera mari mune sainzi uye tekinoroji, vandudza mwero wezvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi uye pombi uye yekuisa mhando.
Kutonga mabhizinesi maererano nemutemo, isu tinofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwemutemo uye nekuvandudza kugona kubata zvinhu zvinoenderana nemutemo. Simbisa kuvakwa kwehurongwa hwemutemo, kuvandudza mwero wekushanda uye manejimendi, uye uwane kushanda kwepamutemo uye kunoenderana; Simbisa dzidzo yemutemo uye kushambadza kuti ugadzire nzvimbo yakanaka yekutonga; Yakashongedzerwa nevashandi vezvemitemo vane hunyanzvi kuchengetedza kodzero uye zvido zvemabhizinesi zvinoenderana nemutemo; Simbisa bhizinesi tsika yekuvaka, gadzira iyo bhizinesi rukudzo uye zvinonyadzisa pfungwa, nyatso gadzira maonero eruzhinji nharaunda inotonga bhizinesi zvinoenderana nemutemo.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-20-2022
