Yeyiphi imfuno yeoli kunye negesi efanelekileyo kwiivalvu zemibhobho yomphunga ukuqhuba ukhuseleko lwemalike yemibhobho kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kufuneka lukhuselwe ngumthetho
Ifanele iqondo lobushushu levalvu yepayipi yomphunga ingaphantsi kwe-425 ℃ ngokwesiseko ingakhetha: ivelufa yesango, ivalve esikiweyo. Khetha ivalve yengxubevange ngaphezulu kwe400℃. Ivalve yesango isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwivalve engundoqo yomphunga kumbhobho womphunga, oko kukuthi, ivalve engasoloko ivulwa kwaye icinywe. Ivalve yeglowubhu isetyenziswa ikakhulu kubasebenzisi abakufutshane nesixhobo sevalve, kuba le valve inefuthe elihle lokulawula ukuhamba. Ifanele iqondo lobushushu levalvu yepayipi yomphunga ingaphantsi kwe-425 ℃ ngokwesiseko ingakhetha: ivelufa yesango, ivalve esikiweyo.
Khetha ivalve yengxubevange ngaphezulu kwe400℃.
Ivalve yesango isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwivalve engundoqo yomphunga kumbhobho womphunga, oko kukuthi, ivalve engasoloko ivulwa kwaye icinywe.
Ivalve yeglowubhu isetyenziswa ikakhulu kubasebenzisi abakufutshane nesixhobo sevalve, kuba le valve inefuthe elihle lokulawula ukuhamba.
Ivalve yokukhetha umbhobho womphunga ikakhulu kukubona ubushushu, uxinzelelo, umsebenzi kunye nendawo yokufakela.
Ngaba iivalve zebhabhathane zingasetyenziswa kwimibhobho yomphunga?
Ukuba isetyenziselwa umbhobho womphunga, akukhuthazwa ukuba kusetyenziswe ivalve yebhabhathane, kuba uxinzelelo kwivalve yebhabhathane inkulu, iswitshi inzima ukusebenza, kulula ukonakalisa umphezulu wokutywina, ngoko ayinakuvulwa kwaye icime rhoqo, ukusebenza njengevalve yesango;
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uxinzelelo lwemibhobho aluphezulu kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-6.4mpa), lunokusetyenziswa, kodwa ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ivalve yebhabhathane yentsimbi eqinile, ungakhetha ivalve yebhabhathane eccentric yomzimba weWCB. , kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwindlela yokuhamba xa ufaka, umbhobho kufuneka ugcinwe ucocekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuthintela i-welding slag ebambelele kwindawo yokutywina, kulula ukuvala ngokukhululekileyo.
Imfuno ye-oyile kunye negesi iqhuba umbhobho wokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuselwa komthetho, njengoko imfuno yethu ye-oyile kunye negesi isanda, ukwakhiwa kombhobho uhlala kwixesha lokukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yeempawu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, indawo ephakathi enokutsha neqhumayo kunye novakalelo lombhobho we-oyile nerhasi, ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kothutho lwemibhobho yeyona nto ixhalabisayo. Ukuchongwa komngcipheko wemibhobho kunye nolawulo kujongene neengxaki ezingxamisekileyo. Kuye kwangxamiseka ukuba kwakhiwe umgca wokhuseleko wezomthetho ukukhusela ukhuseleko lombhobho ngengcinga yomthetho.
Imfuno ye-oyile kunye negesi iqhuba ukhuseleko lwemarike yombhobho kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kufuneka kukhuselwe ngumthetho
Kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo noluzinzileyo loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo komgangatho wokuphila kwabantu, imfuno ye-oyile negesi nayo iyanda, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwemibhobho yaseTshayina ibikwixesha lokukhula okuzinzileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iingozi zokhuseleko lwemibhobho kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo nazo ziyanda.
Phantsi kwesicwangciso-qhinga sophuhliso lweBhanti enye kunye neNdlela enye kwilizwe lethu, umgama omde wokusebenza kwemibhobho ye-oyile nerhasi iya kuba nde ngakumbi nangakumbi, umngcipheko wokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo nawo uya kuba mkhulu. Indlela yokwenza ** yingxaki abaphathi ekufuneka bajongane nayo.
Ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwemibhobho yeoli kunye negesi
Ngokutsho kwedatha echazwe ngoku, i-China yayine-106,000 yeekhilomitha ze-oyile kunye neepayipi zegesi kwi-2014, ngaphezu kweepesenti ze-70 ezilawulwa yi-petrochina, i-Sinopec kunye ne-CNOOC. Kulindeleke ukuba ekupheleni kowama-2015, imibhobho ye-oyile nerhasi yaseTshayina ifikelele kwiikhilomitha ezili-150 000, kwaye inkqubo yothungelwano lwemibhobho yasekhaya neyangaphandle iya kwenziwa.
Ngokubanzi, uthungelwano lwemibhobho yeoli ekrwada yaseTshayina yaqalisa ukumila. Uthungelwano lwemibhobho ye-oyile ekrwada sele yenziwe ngokusisiseko, kwaye uthungelwano lwemibhobho yengingqi luye lwandiswa ngakumbi. Uyilo lothungelwano lwemibhobho ye-oyile ekrwada yaseTshayina ukuya kumntla-mpuma, kumntla-ntshona, kuMntla weTshayina, eMpuma yeTshayina, kumzantsi-ntshona, kwimimandla eselunxwemeni nakwimimandla engaselunxwemeni yeendawo zogcino lwe-oyile ekrwada njengekhonkco, eliquka amashishini aphambili elizwe okucoca kunye neekhemikhali kunye neziseko zogcino, imibhobho yeoli ekrwada. igxile kumazibuko emida kunye namazibuko aselunxwemeni, kumntla-mpuma, kwiindawo zeoyile kumntla-ntshona nakumazantsi-ntshona, eMntla naseMpuma China.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwaseTshayina, imfuno yeoli esulungekisiweyo iphezulu, kwaye indlela yokunxibelelana yeoyile esulungekisiweyo nayo iyomelela. Uthungelwano lwemibhobho ye-oyile esulungekisiweyo eneendawo zokucokisa, iindawo zokugcina i-oyile esulungekileyo kunye neendawo zokugcina njengentsika yentengiso yabathengi yenziwe kwilizwe lonke. Kulindeleke ukuba ekupheleni kweSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-12, ubude bemibhobho ye-oyile esulungekisiweyo yaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba bube ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-30,000.
Ngeli xesha, ukwakhiwa kombhobho wegesi yendalo nako kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, uthungelwano lwemibhobho yomqolo yerhasi yendalo sele yenziwe ngaphambili.
Ukongeza kwimibhobho engaselunxwemeni, iTshayina yakha imibhobho ye-oyile engaphantsi kolwandle kunye nerhasi, kuquka iJinzhou 20-2 indawo yerhasi ye-condensate ukuya kumbhobho ongaselunxwemeni, intsimi yegesi ye-Boxi ukuya kumbhobho we-submarine wase-Tianjin, i-Bohai Suizhong 36-1 indawo yeoli engaselunxwemeni ukuya kumbhobho we-submarine ongaselunxwemeni. , njl.
Kwangaxeshanye, umbhobho we-oyile ekrwada yaseTshayina-Kazakhstan, umbhobho werhasi yendalo kuMbindi weAsia, i-oyile yaseTshayina-Myanmar kunye nombhobho werhasi, umbhobho we-oyile ekrwada eTshayina-eRashiya kunye nendlela yolwandle eseMazantsi-mpuma, eyimibhobho emininzi yamandla aphesheya, ikwadibanisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle. izibonelelo ze-oyile negesi ngokusondeleyo.
Ukhuseleko lwemibhobho kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luzisa iingxaki ezintsha
Imibhobho ye-oyile nerhasi iphawulwa luxinzelelo oluphezulu, indawo yezothutho enokutsha kunye neziqhushumbisi, kunye nokusingqongileyo okubuthathaka. Ukugrunjwa okungacwangciswanga kunye nokwakhiwa ecaleni kombhobho kunye nomonakalo wesithathu kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwemibhobho yeoli negesi, kwaye kuzisa izoyikiso ezinzulu kukhuseleko lobomi kunye nepropati yabanini bezakhiwo ezingekho mthethweni kunye nabasebenzi bokwakha ngokungekho mthethweni.
Ngoko ke, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo loshishino lwemibhobho e-China, ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kokuthuthwa kwemibhobho kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ukuchongwa komngcipheko kunye nokulawulwa kombhobho kujongene nengxaki engxamisekileyo ukuba isonjululwe. Ukususela kumbono wangoku, imeko yonke yokukhusela ukhuseleko lombhobho iba ngcono. Kodwa ezinye iingxaki azinakungahoywa, kukho ikakhulu le miba ilandelayo.
Enye yimeko enzulu yokomba nokuba ioli. Ezinye iimeko zokubiwa kweoyile zibonisa iimpawu ezintsha zobukrelekrele kunye nobungcali. IPhondo laseShandong, iHebei kunye neLiaoning ziseziindawo ezineziganeko eziphezulu.
Okwesibini kukubaluleka kokukhusela intambo ye-optical. Intambo yonxibelelwano yombhobho ngundoqo wolawulo olukude kunye nolawulo lwedijithali lwenethiwekhi yombhobho we-oyile kunye negesi. Ngokuveliswa kwemibhobho esanda kwakhiwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, impembelelo yokuqhawulwa kwentambo kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza kwamashishini emibhobho ibalasele ngakumbi.
Okwesithathu, ukungxamiseka kokucoca umthwalo wemibhobho.
Okwesine, ubunzima bolawulo lokubeka iliso kulwakhiwo lomntu wesithathu. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lolwakhiwo loqoqosho lwesizwe, ulwakhiwo lobunjineli ecaleni kombhobho luyanda rhoqo, kwaye inani lazo zonke iintlobo zokwakhiwa komnqamlezo *** liyenyuka.
Inkampani yombhobho umntu ongaphakathi kwikhosi yokufunda ucinga, ngokwembono yokhuseleko lombhobho kunye nokhuseleko lwemibhobho yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ikakhulu ijongene nemingcipheko emininzi: ukucwangciswa kwedolophu kunye nolwakhiwo, iziphene zokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nolwakhiwo, ukubola kwemibhobho, ukwaluphala, inkqubo yokusebenza engalunganga, ukubethelwa kwebhanti. , umonakalo wesithathu, ukwakhiwa komntu wesithathu, ukubopha umbhobho, iintlekele zendalo, njl.
Ngokwale nto, abaphathi bombhobho kufuneka balungele ukuchongwa kunye nokulawula umngcipheko, ukuseta ingozi inokuthintelwa, ingqikelelo yomngcipheko inokuba yilawuli, kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lomzimba lwetyhubhu yesayensi, uvavanyo lwendalo esingqongileyo, uvavanyo lomngcipheko, iindlela zokuchonga umngcipheko, njengokudlula. indlela yesayensi kunye nengqiqo yokulungiswa kwemibhobho, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lukaxakeka, kunye nezinye iindlela, into ngenqaku, umngcipheko wokulawula, Umngcipheko wemibhobho unokulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu olwamkelekileyo.
Ukuseka ukucinga ngokusemthethweni kombhobho weoli kunye negesi
Ukusebenzisa ukucinga okusemthethweni kunye nendlela esemthethweni yokukhusela imibhobho kunye nokwakha indlela yokukhusela imibhobho phantsi kwesikhokelo somthetho ziintsingiselo ezibalulekileyo zolawulo lomthetho. Ngokukodwa, kuye kwangxamiseka ukuba kwakhiwe umgca wokhuselo lomthetho ngokucinga ngokomthetho.
UMthetho woKhuseleko lweSixhobo esiKhethekileyo, owaqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari, 2014, uquke imibhobho yokuthutha imigama emide kulawulo lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kwaye ubeke iimfuno eziphakamileyo zokufakelwa kwemibhobho, uvavanyo, ukubhaliswa, ukusetyenziswa, ukuhlola, ukubeka iliso nokulawula. kunye nohlangulo olungxamisekileyo. UMthetho woKhuseleko loMsebenzi, owaqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla woku-1 kuDisemba, i-2014, uquka ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yoxanduva lokhuseleko emsebenzini kummandla wokongamela nokuhlola, useka inkqubo yokuchonga nokujongana neengozi ezifihlakeleyo, nokwandisa izohlwayo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho. UMthetho woKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo, oqale ukusebenza ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari, ngo-2015, uphucule iinkqubo ezili-10 zokukhuselwa kwendalo kumashishini nakumaziko karhulumente, kwaye ubeke phambili iimfuno eziphakamileyo zokuthintela iingozi kunye nokulahlwa kwemibhobho ngokungxamisekileyo.
Kunqabile kwimbali yaseTshayina ukwenza kwaye kuphunyezwe imithetho efanelekileyo ngokuchasene namashishini ekuxinana okuphezulu. Lifikile ixesha lokuba iChina ilawule amashishini ngokomthetho. Nangona kunjalo, usemninzi umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe imithetho efanelekileyo, kwaye umbhobho osemthethweni usenendlela ethile ekufuneka uhambe ngayo.
Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi yomthetho, ukuveliswa kokhuseleko lombhobho kufuneka kuhambisane nomgaqo wokhuseleko, ukukhusela kuqala kunye nolawulo olubanzi. Ukuphucula imithetho nemimiselo, ukuthembela kwinkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukomeleza uphando lomgaqo-nkqubo njengenyathelo lokuqala, ukubeka iliso lokuthotyelwa komthetho, ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo njengeendlela, ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho kunye nemimiselo ebanzi, imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho kunye nezinye iindlela, ukukhuthaza iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo kwi-intanethi. ngokuhambelana nomthetho, inzululwazi, phambi kolawulo lokhuseleko, ukukhawuleza ukusekwa kwenkqubo yoxanduva lokukhusela izibonelelo zemibhobho.
Ukomeleza ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yezomthetho, iinzame kufuneka zenziwe ukusuka kumthombo wenkqubo yezomthetho ukongamela nokulawula ngokomthetho.
Abasebenzi bamashishini emibhobho kufuneka baqale baqhelane nemigaqo kwaye benze izinto ngokomthetho; Ukusebenzisana noogunyaziwe bengingqi ukwenza upapasho oluninzi kunye nemisebenzi yokufundisa ukuphucula ulwazi olusemthethweni kunye nengqiqo yokhuseleko lwesibonelelo semibhobho. Qokelela iincwadi zokufundisa ngokhuseleko lombhobho we-oyile kunye negesi kwaye usasazwe kumacandelo asezantsi. Qokelela iManyuwali enemifanekiso ecacileyo neqondakala lula yoKhuseleko lwePipeline, ** uyisasaze kubantu basekuhlaleni, kwaye usebenzisane noorhulumente basekuhlaleni kumsebenzi wopapasho.
Amashishini emibhobho ye-oyile nerhasi kufuneka anxibelelane, asebenzisane kwaye anxibelelane nawo onke amasebe karhulumente kunye namakhonkco afanelekileyo oluntu. Nika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima yemisebenzi yokulungiswa okukhethekileyo kokhuseleko loluntu kunye nocwangco kwiindawo ze-oyile negesi kunye nokuveliswa kwemibhobho ye-oyile negesi, kubandakanya amasebe olawulo okwakhiwa kwedolophu kunye nokucwangciswa komhlaba, kunye nokucacisa uxanduva lwawo. Kancinci ukuphonononga ukusekwa kwendlela yokulawula ukhuseleko lwemibhobho ye-oyile nerhasi ixesha elide.
Amashishini ePipeline kufuneka agxininise ekuphuculeni umbutho, inkqubo, uxanduva, ukubeka iliso, inkqubo kunye nesiqinisekiso senkxaso-mali, ukuphucula inkqubo yoxanduva lwesithuba, kunye nokuphumeza uxanduva oluphambili lwemveliso yokhuseleko lweshishini; Ukufezekisa isicwangciso songxamiseko, qinisa ukudibanisa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nesicwangciso songxamiseko; Ukomeleza ukubekwa kweliso nolawulo lwemithombo yeengozi ezinkulu; Ukumisela iimpawu kunye neempawu zesilumkiso kwimibhobho yeoli kunye negesi yendalo; Ukuphucula inkqubo yolawulo lwe-HSE(impilo, ukhuseleko, nokusingqongileyo); Ukuqinisa uqeqesho lwezakhono zokhuseleko lwabaphathi nabasebenzi kuwo onke amanqanaba; Uphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bedatha kunye nobuchwepheshe bolawulo; Ukwandisa utyalo-mali kwisayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukuphucula umgangatho wezixhobo zobugcisa kunye nombhobho kunye nomgangatho wokubeka.
Ukulawula amashishini ngokomthetho, kufuneka sibe nolwazi olusemthethweni kwaye siphucule amandla okusingatha imicimbi ngokomthetho. Ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yezomthetho, ukuphucula izinga lokusebenza kunye nokulawula, kunye nokufezekisa ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni nokuthobela; Ukuqinisa imfundo yezomthetho kunye nokwazisa uluntu ukudala indawo yolawulo elungileyo; Ukuxhotyiswa ngabasebenzi abasemthethweni abaqeqeshiweyo ukukhusela amalungelo kunye nomdla wamashishini ngokomthetho; Yomeleza ulwakhiwo lwenkcubeko yeshishini, ukuseka imbeko yeshishini kunye nengqikelelo yehlazo, ngokwenene wenze imekobume yoluvo loluntu elawula ishishini ngokomthetho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-20-2022
