Zomwe zimafunikira mafuta ndi gasi zomwe zili zoyenera kuti mavavu amapaipi amoto aziyendetsa chitetezo chamsika ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi lamulo
Oyenera kutentha valavu payipi nthunzi zosakwana 425 ℃ makamaka angasankhe: valavu pachipata, valavu odulidwa. Sankhani valavu ya aloyi pamwamba pa 400 ℃. Valve ya pachipata imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa valavu yayikulu ya nthunzi mupaipi ya nthunzi, ndiye kuti, valavu yomwe nthawi zambiri simayatsidwa ndikuzimitsa. Valavu ya Globe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pafupi ndi zida za valve, chifukwa valavu iyi imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zowongolera pakuyenda. Oyenera kutentha valavu payipi nthunzi zosakwana 425 ℃ makamaka angasankhe: valavu pachipata, valavu odulidwa.
Sankhani valavu ya aloyi pamwamba pa 400 ℃.
Valve ya pachipata imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa valavu yayikulu ya nthunzi mupaipi ya nthunzi, ndiye kuti, valavu yomwe nthawi zambiri simayatsidwa ndikuzimitsa.
Valavu ya Globe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pafupi ndi zida za valve, chifukwa valavu iyi imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zowongolera pakuyenda.
Vavu yosankha mapaipi a nthunzi ndiyowona makamaka kutentha, kupanikizika, ntchito ndi malo oyika.
Kodi mavavu agulugufe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mapaipi a nthunzi?
Ngati ntchito payipi nthunzi, si bwino kugwiritsa ntchito valavu gulugufe, chifukwa kuthamanga agulugufe valavu ndi lalikulu, lophimba ndi zovuta ntchito, zosavuta kuwononga kusindikiza pamwamba, kotero sangathe anazimitsa ndi kuzimitsa kawirikawiri, mu ntchito ngati valve pachipata;
Komabe, ngati kuthamanga kwa payipi sikwapamwamba kwambiri (pansi pa 6.4mpa), kumatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yagulugufe yolimba yachitsulo, mutha kusankha valavu yagulugufe ya thupi la WCB. , ayenera kulabadira njira otaya pamene khazikitsa, payipi ayenera kukhala woyera mmene ndingathere, kuteteza kuwotcherera slag munamatira pa osindikiza pamwamba, zosavuta kutseka momasuka.
Mafuta ndi gasi amayendetsa mapaipi amsika chitetezo chachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi chitetezo chalamulo, popeza kufunikira kwathu kwamafuta ndi gasi kukuchulukirachulukira, kupanga mapaipi nthawi zonse kumakhala munthawi yakukula. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akuthamanga kwambiri, malo oyaka komanso ophulika apakati komanso tcheru papaipi yamafuta ndi gasi, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwamayendedwe amapaipi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuzindikiritsa zoopsa za mapaipi ndi kuwongolera zikukumana ndi zovuta zachangu. Zakhala zofulumira kupanga njira yodzitetezera mwalamulo kuteteza chitetezo cha mapaipi ndi malingaliro alamulo.
Kufuna kwamafuta ndi gasi kumayendetsa chitetezo chamsika wamapaipi komanso kuteteza chilengedwe kuyenera kutetezedwa ndi lamulo
Pamodzi ndi chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika chachuma cha China komanso kutukuka kosalekeza kwa moyo wa anthu, kufunikira kwamafuta ndi gasi kukuchulukiranso, ndipo ntchito yomanga mapaipi aku China yakhala ikukulirakulira. Chotsatira chake, kuopsa kwa chitetezo cha mapaipi ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe chikuwonjezekanso.
Pansi pa njira yachitukuko ya Belt imodzi ndi Msewu umodzi m'dziko lathu, mtunda wa mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi udzakhala wautali kwambiri, chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe chidzakhalanso chachikulu. Momwe munga ** ndivuto lomwe oyang'anira ayenera kukumana nalo.
Kukula mwachangu kwa mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi
Malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa mpaka pano, China inali ndi makilomita 106,000 a mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi pofika chaka cha 2014, ndipo oposa 70 peresenti amalamulidwa ndi petrochina, Sinopec ndi CNOOC. Zikuyembekezeka kuti pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015, mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi aku China afika makilomita 150,000, ndipo njira yolumikizira mapaipi apanyumba ndi akunja ikhazikitsidwa.
Nthawi zambiri, maukonde a mapaipi amafuta aku China adayamba kupanga. Mapaipi am'mapaipi amtundu wamafuta adapangidwa, ndipo maukonde a mapaipi am'madera akonzedwanso. Mapangidwe a mapaipi amafuta aku China kumpoto chakum'mawa, kumpoto chakumadzulo, North China, East China, kumwera chakumadzulo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja za malo osungiramo mafuta osakhwima monga ulalo, womwe umakhudza mabizinesi akuluakulu akuyenga komanso mabizinesi am'dzikolo ndi zosungirako, mapaipi amafuta osakanizidwa ndi anakhazikika m'malire madoko ndi madoko m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumpoto chakum'mawa, kumpoto chakumadzulo madera mafuta ndi kumwera chakumadzulo, North ndi East China.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula mwachangu kwachuma cha China, kufunikira kwamafuta oyengedwa ndikwambiri, ndipo njira zolumikizirana ndi mafuta oyengedwa zikukulirakulira. Mapaipi opangira mafuta oyengedwa bwino okhala ndi zoyenga, malo osungira mafuta oyeretsedwa komanso malo osungira monga msana wamsika wa ogula wapangidwa mdziko lonselo. Zikuyembekezeka kuti pakutha kwa pulani ya 12 yazaka zisanu, kutalika kwa mapaipi amafuta oyeretsedwa ku China akuyembekezeka kupitilira makilomita 30,000.
Pakadali pano, ntchito yomanga mapaipi a gasi ikukulanso mwachangu. Pakalipano, njira yolumikizira mapaipi a gasi achilengedwe idapangidwa kale.
Kuphatikiza pa mapaipi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, China yamanga mapaipi akulu amafuta ndi gasi am'nyanja, kuphatikiza Jinzhou 20-2 condensate gasi kupita ku payipi yam'nyanja yam'madzi, Boxi gasi kupita ku payipi ya sitima yapamadzi ya Tianjin, Bohai Suizhong 36-1 kumunda wamafuta akunyanja kupita ku payipi yam'nyanja yam'madzi. , ndi zina.
Nthawi yomweyo, mapaipi amafuta aku China-Kazakhstan, payipi yamafuta aku Central Asia, mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi a China-Myanmar, mapaipi amafuta amafuta aku China-Russia ndi njira ya Southeast Sea, yomwe ndi mapaipi akuluakulu amagetsi amitundu yonse, amalumikizanso mapaipi apanyumba ndi akunja. mafuta ndi gasi chuma kwambiri.
Chitetezo cha mapaipi ndi kuteteza chilengedwe kumabweretsa mavuto atsopano
Mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi amadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, sing'anga yoyaka komanso yophulika, komanso malo ovuta. The kukumba mwachisawawa ndi kumanga pamodzi payipi ndi wachitatu chipani kuwonongeka kwambiri zimakhudza otetezeka ntchito mapaipi mafuta ndi gasi, ndi kubweretsa ziopsezo kwambiri chitetezo cha moyo ndi katundu wa eni nyumba oletsedwa ndi omanga nyumba oletsedwa.
Chifukwa chake, ndikukula kwachangu kwamakampani a mapaipi ku China, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa mayendedwe amapaipi ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kuzindikira ndi kuwongolera mapaipi kumayang'anizana ndi vuto lomwe likuyenera kuthetsedwa. Kuchokera pamalingaliro apano, mkhalidwe wonse wa chitetezo cha mapaipi ukuyenda bwino. Koma mavuto ena sangathe kunyalanyazidwa, pali makamaka mbali zotsatirazi.
Chimodzi ndi vuto lalikulu la kubowola ndi kuba mafuta. Zochitika zina zakuba mafuta zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe atsopano a luntha ndi ukatswiri. Chigawo cha Shandong, Hebei ndi Liaoning akadali madera omwe ali ndi zochitika zambiri.
Chachiwiri ndi kufunikira kwa chitetezo cha chingwe cha kuwala. Chingwe cholumikizira mapaipi ndiye mwala wapangodya wa kuwongolera kwakutali komanso kasamalidwe ka digito pamapaipi amafuta ndi gasi. Ndi kupanga mapaipi omangidwa kumene m'zaka zaposachedwa, chikoka cha kuthyola chingwe pakupanga ndi kuyendetsa mabizinesi a mapaipi chikuwonekera kwambiri.
Chachitatu, kufulumira kuyeretsa mapaipi.
Chachinayi, zovuta za kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti yomangamanga. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha zomangamanga za dziko, zomangamanga zomangamanga pamodzi ndi payipi zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse ya zomangamanga *** chikukwera.
Kampani yapaipi yopangira munthu mkati mwa maphunziro akuganiza kuti, malinga ndi chitetezo cha payipi ndi chitetezo chapaipi yachitetezo cha chilengedwe makamaka amakumana ndi zoopsa zingapo: kukonza ndi zomangamanga m'matauni, zolakwika zopanga ndi zomangamanga, kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi, kukalamba, njira yoyendetsera ntchito yolakwika, kukhomerera nkhonya. , kuwonongeka kwa chipani chachitatu, kumanga chipani chachitatu, kumanga chitoliro, masoka achilengedwe, ndi zina zotero.
Malinga ndi izi, oyang'anira mapaipi ayenera kukhala okonzeka kudzizindikiritsa pachiwopsezo ndikuwongolera, kuyika ngoziyo itha kupewedwa, lingaliro lachiwopsezo litha kukhala lotsogola, kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a thupi la sayansi, kuyezetsa chilengedwe, kuwunika zoopsa, njira zozindikiritsa zoopsa, monga kudzera sayansi ndi wololera njira kukonza chitoliro, kukonza, ndi kusintha kasamalidwe mwadzidzidzi, ndi njira zina, chinthu ndi katundu, kulamulira chiopsezo, Chiwopsezo mapaipi akhoza kulamulidwa mu osiyanasiyana ovomerezeka.
Khazikitsani malingaliro ovomerezeka a mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi
Kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro azamalamulo ndi njira zovomerezeka zotetezera mapaipi ndikupanga njira yotetezera mapaipi pansi pa malamulo ndi matanthauzo ofunikira alamulo. Makamaka, zakhala zofulumira kupanga mzere wodzitchinjiriza walamulo ndi malingaliro azamalamulo.
Lamulo la Special Equipment Safety Law, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito pa Januware 1, 2014, laphatikiza mapaipi oyendera mtunda wautali kupita ku kasamalidwe ka zida zapadera, ndikukhazikitsa zofunikira pakuyika mapaipi, kuyesa, kulembetsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira ndi kasamalidwe. ndi kupulumutsa mwadzidzidzi. Lamulo la Chitetezo pa Ntchito, lomwe linayamba kugwira ntchito pa December 1, 2014, likuphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka chitetezo cha ntchito pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Lamulo la Environmental Protection Law, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito pa Januware 1, 2015, lawongolera njira 10 zoteteza chilengedwe m'mabizinesi ndi mabungwe aboma, ndikuyika patsogolo zofunikira zopewera ngozi komanso kutaya mapaipi mwadzidzidzi.
Ndikosowa m'mbiri ya China kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo oyenera motsutsana ndi mabizinesi omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kotere. Yafika nthawi yoti China izilamulira mabizinesi motsatira malamulo. Komabe, padakali ntchito yochuluka yoti ichitidwe malamulo oyenerera asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo njira yoyendetsera malamulo ikadali ndi njira ina.
Pansi pazamalamulo, kupanga chitetezo cha mapaipi kuyenera kutsatira mfundo yachitetezo, kupewa choyamba komanso kasamalidwe kokwanira. Kupititsa patsogolo malamulo ndi malamulo, kudalira kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi zamakono, kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wa ndondomeko monga sitepe yoyamba, kuyang'anira malamulo, kukonzanso mwapadera monga njira, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ndi malamulo, ndondomeko zachuma ndi njira zina, kulimbikitsa magulu oyenerera mu mogwirizana ndi lamulo, sayansi, patsogolo kasamalidwe chitetezo, imathandizira mapangidwe mapaipi malo chitetezo ntchito dongosolo udindo.
Pofuna kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga malamulo, khama liyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku gwero la kayendetsedwe ka malamulo kuti ayang'anire ndi kuyang'anira motsatira malamulo.
Ogwira ntchito zamabizinesi a mapaipi ayenera kudziwa kaye malamulowo ndikuchita zinthu motsatira malamulo; Gwirizanani ndi maboma am'deralo kuti awonetsetse anthu ambiri ndi maphunziro kuti adziwitse zazamalamulo komanso kuzindikira zachitetezo cha mapaipi. Sungani mabuku ophunzitsira zachitetezo cha mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi ndikugawa kumagawo apansi. Pangani buku lokhala ndi zithunzi komanso losavuta kumva Pipeline Protection Publicity Manual, ** ligawireni kwa anthu amderali, ndikuthandizana ndi aboma m'dera lanu pantchito yolengeza.
Mabizinesi a mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi akuyenera kugwirizanitsa, kugwirizana ndi kuyankhulana ndi madipatimenti onse aboma ndi maulalo okhudzana ndi anthu. Perekani gawo lonse la zochitika zapadera zowongolera chitetezo cha anthu ndi dongosolo m'malo opangira mafuta ndi gasi komanso kupanga mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi, kuphatikiza madipatimenti oyang'anira zomanga m'matauni ndi kukonza malo, ndikuwunikiranso ntchito zawo. Pang'onopang'ono fufuzani kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yoyang'anira chitetezo cha mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mabizinesi apaipi akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake; Konzani dongosolo ladzidzidzi, limbitsani kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe ndi dongosolo ladzidzidzi; Kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira malo owopsa; Kukhazikitsa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zochenjeza za mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi; Kupititsa patsogolo kasamalidwe ka HSE(thanzi, chitetezo, chilengedwe); Kulimbikitsa maphunziro a luso la chitetezo kwa oyang'anira ndi ogwira ntchito pamagulu onse; Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa data ndiukadaulo wowongolera; Onjezani ndalama mu sayansi ndi ukadaulo, sinthani kuchuluka kwa zida zaukadaulo ndi mapaipi komanso kuyika bwino.
Kuti tizilamulira mabizinesi motsatira malamulo, tiyenera kukhala ozindikira zamalamulo ndikuwongolera kuthekera koyendetsa zinthu motsatira malamulo. Kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga dongosolo lazamalamulo, kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi kasamalidwe, ndikukwaniritsa ntchito zovomerezeka ndi zovomerezeka; Limbikitsani maphunziro azamalamulo ndi kulengeza kuti pakhale malo abwino owongolera; Wokhala ndi akatswiri azamalamulo kuti ateteze ufulu ndi zokonda zamabizinesi molingana ndi malamulo; Limbikitsani ntchito yomanga chikhalidwe chabizinesi, khazikitsani ulemu wabizinesi ndi lingaliro lamanyazi, khazikitsani malingaliro a anthu omwe amalamulira bizinesiyo motsatira malamulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-20-2022
