Isingeniso se-valve yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwe-valve kagesi we-hydraulic actuator
Ukucindezela kwe-valve - izinga lokushisa liwukucindezela okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ukusebenza ezingeni lokushisa elicacisiwe elivezwa njengokucindezela kwegeji. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile iyancipha. Idatha yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela iyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokukhethwa okulungile kwama-flange, ama-valve nokufakwa kwamapayipi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene okusebenza nezingcindezi, kanye nemingcele eyisisekelo ekuklanyweni kobunjiniyela nokukhiqiza. I-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 izilinganiso ze-flange pressure-temperature ye-American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute kanye ne-BS1560 Part II zenziwe ngokuhambisana ne-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 izilinganiso ze-pressure-temperature.
Isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa lokucindezela
Ukucindezela kwe-valve - izinga lokushisa liwukucindezela okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ukusebenza ezingeni lokushisa elicacisiwe elivezwa njengokucindezela kwegeji. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile iyancipha. Idatha yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela iyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokukhethwa okulungile kwama-flange, ama-valve nokufakwa kwamapayipi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene okusebenza nezingcindezi, kanye nemingcele eyisisekelo ekuklanyweni kobunjiniyela nokukhiqiza.
Isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa elicindezelayo kanye nedatha yezinto ezihlukahlukene kuboniswa eSahlukweni 4. Amazwe amaningi enze izindinganiso zokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela kwamavalvu, okokufaka nama-flange.
I. Izindinganiso zaseMelika
Ngokwezinga laseMelika, ingcindezi yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwamavalvu ensimbi ihambisana ne-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992,ASMEB 16.34-1996; Ingcindezi yezilinganiso zokushisa zamavalvu ensimbi ensimbi ngokwe-ANSI 816.1-1989} B16.4-1989} ANSI B16.42-1985: Ingcindezi kumazinga okushisa amavalvu ethusi ngokwe-ASME/ANSI B16.15A-1992, ASME Izinhlinzeko ze-B16 .24-1991.
1) I-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 ichaza uchungechunge olubili losayizi be-flange ngesiNgisi namayunithi we-metric, futhi ibala ingcindezi ye-flange nezilinganiso zokushisa ezisebenza kumasistimu amabili ngokulandelanayo. Indlela yokunquma ingcindezi yeyunithi yaseBrithani - isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa sinikezwe kuSithasiselo D Sezinga.
Uma sithatha amayunithi e-metric njengesibonelo, ifomula yokunquma izilinganiso zezinga lokushisa elicindezelayo lezinto ezihlukene yileli:
Lapho i-PT iyingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa (MPa) ezingeni lokushisa elishiwo;
I-PN - Ingcindezi yoqobo (MPa);
σ- – Ingcindezi evumelekile (MPa) yezinto ezisezingeni lokushisa elithile.
Lapho, inani elingu-148 liyivelu yengcindezi evumelekile yezinto zensimbi ye-carbon kuzinga lokushisa legumbi, elaziwa nge-reference coefficient yokucindezeleka.
σ kufomula kuthonywa izici zokushisa zento esebenzayo, ingcindezi evumelekile namandla esivuno sento emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, nomthwalo webholidi. Inani lika-σ S licaciswe kokuthi ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Izinhlobo ezingafinyelela kweziyi-100 zezinto eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zaseFrance zifakiwe ezingeni, eziqoqwe ngokuya ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okufanayo kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.
I-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 izilinganiso ze-flange pressure-temperature ye-American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute kanye ne-BS1560 Part II zenziwe ngokuhambisana ne-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 izilinganiso ze-pressure-temperature.
2) I-American ANSI B16.42-1985 “ipayipi lensimbi ye-ductile Flanges kanye noFittings Flanged” inikeza i-CL150 ne-CL300 (PN2.0 kanye ne-PN5.0mpa) isilinganiso sokushisa kwe-ductile iron flange esithasiselweni sendinganiso sinikeza nendlela yokubunjwa. wesigaba sokushisa kwengcindezi, Isimiso saso esiyisisekelo, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa, imikhawulo nezinqubo ngokuyisisekelo zihambisana ne-ASME/ANSIB 16.5A-1992.
3) I-ASME B16.34-1996 ihlanganisa idatha yesilinganiso sokucindezela kwezinga lokushisa kumavalvu ane-flanged ku-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Izilinganiso zengcindezi-yezinga lokushisa kwamavalvu avulekile kuleli zinga zilandela indlela yokwakheka ye-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Leli zinga libala ingcindezi - amathebula edatha yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa amavalvu ekilasi ajwayelekile ane-flanged nashikelwe ngezinqe kanye namavalvu ekilasi akhethekile anezinqe. Zingaphezu kwe-100 izinto zama-valve ezisohlwini olusezingeni, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu angama-27.
Ii. Izindinganiso zesiJalimane
Izinga lesiJalimane elijwayelekile i-DIN2401-1977, Ingxenye II, Ingcindezi Yokusebenza Evumelekile Yezigaba Zokucindezela Kwepayipi, Insimbi nezingxenye zamapayipi ensimbi, iyindinganiso ebanzi uma kuqhathaniswa yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela. Phakathi kwazo, ukucindezela okuvumelekile kokusebenza kwepayipi elingenamthungo, ipayipi elishiselwe, i-flange, i-valve, ukufakwa kwepayipi kanye ne-bolt ngaphansi kwezinto ezahlukene kanye nezimo zokushisa ezihlukene zibalwe. Leli zinga lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisi-6 zezinto ezi-flanged, izinhlobo ezi-4 zezinto zokwakha ze-valve yensimbi eyi-flanged, izinhlobo ezi-5 zensimbi ecijile, izinhlobo ezi-5 zensimbi engumgunyathi, konke okuyizinto zoqobo. Zonke izinsimbi ziyi-carbon steel kanye ne-low alloy steel, insimbi engagqwali ayifakiwe.
Kubekwe ngokucacile esilinganisweni sokuthi lapho kukhethwa ezinye izinto ezihlukile kokwasekuqaleni, ingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile izobalwa ngokuvumelana nesilinganiso phakathi kwevelu yophawu lwamandla lwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nenani lamandla lezinto zokwakha zangempela ezicaciswe ku ejwayelekile ku-20 ℃.
Ngokucindezela kwezinto zensimbi engagqwali - isilinganiso sokushisa, i-ISO/DIS70651 "i-steel flange" iyengezwa. Ifomula yokunquma isilinganiso se-pressure-temperature yezinto zensimbi engagqwali yile:
Lapho i-PT iyingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile (MPa) yezinto ezintsha ezishiwo ezingeni lokushisa T;
I-PN - Ingcindezi yoqobo (MPa);
σs- – veza amandla wento emazingeni okushisa T, isb
Sigma, sigma 0.1 0.2 (MPa).
Lapho, inani elingu-205 liyinani lamandla esivuno lensimbi ye-Cr18Ni8Mo ku-20 ℃, eyaziwa njenge-reference coefficient yokucindezeleka.
Okwesithathu, indinganiso yangaphambili yaseSoviet
I-TOCT356-1980 yaseSoviet ejwayelekile "i-Valve nezinsiza zepayipi ingcindezi encane, ingcindezi yokuhlola kanye nochungechunge lwengcindezi yokusebenza", konke kuhambisana ne-cMIAC ejwayelekile RTAB253-19760
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwengcindezi yokusebenza kanye nengcindezi encane buvezwa yile fomula elandelayo:
Lapho i-PT - ingcindezi yokusebenza yezinto ezishiwo ezingeni lokushisa T, (MPa);
I-PN - Ingcindezi yoqobo (MPa);
σ20 - Ingcindezi evumelekile (MPa) yezinto ezibonakalayo ku-200℃;
Ingcindezi evumelekile yezinto ezibonakalayo ku-σ S – — izinga lokushisa (MPa)
Ku-TOCT356-1980 ejwayelekile yaseSoviet, izinto zihlanganiswa. Kuleli zinga, ingcindezi yokusebenza enkulu ngokuqhathaniswa evumelekile ngaphansi kuka-200 ℃ ithathwa njengengcindezi yokusebenza ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elivamile, futhi ilingana nengcindezi encane.
Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe
Izinga lamazwe ngamazwe le-ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 “Common Pipe Flanges” liyinhlanganisela yezinga le-American ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 kanye ne-German standard standard nominal pressure class flange. Ngakho-ke, izindinganiso zokulinganisa izinga lokushisa zamukelwa ngokulandelana e-United States naseJalimane emazweni amabili indlela yokusetha evamile yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwe-flange kanye ne-ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 ehambisanayo kumfutho wegama elithi PN0.25, njengokuthi 0.6, 1.0 , 1.6, 2.5, 4.0 MPa iyisistimu ye-flange yesiJalimane; I-PN2,5,10,15,25,42MPa iyingxenye yesistimu ye-flange yaseMelika. Izinga lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela kwesistimu ngayinye lisebenza kuphela kuzinga le-flange lesistimu efanelekile.
Okwesihlanu, izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseChina
Izinga kazwelonke ezijwayelekile ze-GB/T9124-2000(Isithasiselo A) “Izimo Zobuchwepheshe Zama-Flange Epayipi Lensimbi” libhekisela emigomeni nezindlela zokwenza izilinganiso zokucindezela nezinga lokushisa ngesiJalimane i-DIN2401-1977 kanye ne-American ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992, futhi isebenzisa izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa flange e China. Ngokwendinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe ISO/DIS7005-1-1992, ukulinganisa kwe-flange pressure-temperature ochungechungeni lwengcindezi yokulinganisa okubili (PNO.25~ 4.0mpa, PN2.0 ~ 42.0mpa) sakhiwe ngokulandelanayo.
Izinga licacisa izinhlobo ezingu-13 zezinto ze-flange kumabanga angu-12 okucindezela okulinganiselwe, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elingu-20 ~ 530 ℃ ukucindezela okukhulu okuvumelekile okuvunyelwe ukusebenza.
I-piston rod eyodwa ye-hydraulic cylinder Umfanekiso 2-23 ubonisa umdwebo we-schematic we-piston rod hydraulic cylinder eyodwa. Le silinda ye-hydraulic inenduku yepiston egumbini elilodwa kuphela. Indlela yayo yokufaka inezinhlobo ezimbili zesilinda esimisiwe kanye nenduku ye-piston engashintshi. Ukuze kukhishwe ukugudluka komugqa, ukulungiswa kwesilinda kusetshenziswa kaningi. Indawo yokusebenza ephumelelayo ye-piston rod hydraulic cylinder ene-rod cavity futhi akukho mgodi wenduku ongalingani. Ngakho-ke, lapho amafutha okucindezela engena emigodini emibili yesilinda ngengcindezi efanayo kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza, isivinini nokuphonswa kwepiston kuzo zombili izinkomba akulingani. Isilinda esinyakazayo singafinyelela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo okuzuzisayo, i-engeli yayo ezungezayo ingaphansi kuka-360°.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydraulic actuator ku-valve elawulayo akukuhle njenge-actuator yomoya kanye nekagesi. Empeleni, inqobo nje uma umthombo wamandla we-actuator yomoya ushintshwa ube umthombo wamandla we-hydraulic, ungaba i-hydraulic actuator. I-hydraulic actuator empeleni iyisilinda esisebenza ngogesi, esisetshenziswa ku-hydraulic actuator hydraulic cylinder, ikakhulukazi i-piston rod hydraulic cylinder kanye ne-swing hydraulic cylinder.
I-hydraulic cylinder engu-1
(1) I-piston rod eyodwa ye-hydraulic cylinder Umfanekiso 2-23 ubonisa umdwebo wohlelo lwe-single piston rod hydraulic cylinder. Le silinda ye-hydraulic inenduku yepiston egumbini elilodwa kuphela. Indlela yayo yokufaka inezinhlobo ezimbili zesilinda esimisiwe kanye nenduku ye-piston engashintshi. Ukuze kukhishwe ukugudluka komugqa, ukulungiswa kwesilinda kusetshenziswa kaningi. Indawo yokusebenza ephumelelayo ye-piston rod hydraulic cylinder ene-rod cavity futhi akukho mgodi wenduku ongalingani. Ngakho-ke, lapho amafutha okucindezela engena emigodini emibili yesilinda ngengcindezi efanayo kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza, isivinini nokuphonswa kwepiston kuzo zombili izinkomba akulingani.
Umfanekiso 2-23 Umdwebo weSchematic we-piston rod hydraulic cylinder eyodwa
A) lapho uwoyela ondliwa ngaphandle komgodi wenduku b) lapho uwoyela ondliwa ngesigxobo senduku c) lapho kwenziwa ukuxhumana okuhlukile kwe-hydraulic cylinder
Ku-FIG. 2-23, emfanekisweni A, lapho amafutha ephiwa ngaphandle kwesigxobo senduku, isivinini sawo singamandla okukhipha; emfanekisweni B, lapho uwoyela uphakelwa ngesigxobo senduku, isivinini sawo singamandla okukhipha; U-C ukhombisa ukuxhumana okuhlukile kwe-hydraulic cylinder, futhi ijubane layo lithi: amandla okukhiphayo.
(2) I-Swing cylinder ingafinyelela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, i-Angle yayo yokushwibeka ingaphansi kuka-360°. Uhlobo lwe-single blade kanye ne-rack kanye nohlobo lwe-pinion amasilinda oscillating asetshenziswa kakhulu. I-rack kanye ne-pinion swing cylinder yenza i-rack phezu kwe-piston rod phakathi kwama-piston amabili. Irack ixhunywe negiya ukuze iguqule ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwenduku ye-piston ibe ukuzungezisa i-shaft yokuphumayo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 24. Isilinda sokushwibeka kwepuleti elilodwa njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2-25A, incike oketshezini ukuze iphushe insimbi. ipuleti kusilinda ukuze kuzuzwe ukushwibeka. Kulesi silinda esinyakazayo, i-torque ejikelezayo yengcindezi ephakathi nendawo P ku-pendulum shaft iboniswa kuMfanekiso 2-25b, futhi inani layo liwumkhiqizo wengcindezi P kanye nebanga elingu-R.
I-torque yokudonsa ekhiqizwe ingcindezi ephakathi nendawo esebenza kwesokunxele sepuleti le-blade lonke
Efomini, D - ubukhulu bomzimba we-cylinder (cm);
D - Ububanzi be-axis jika (cm);
P - Ingcindezi yokusebenza kwe-Inlet (MPa);
H - Blade ububanzi (cm);
Qu - Ukugudluzwa ngakunye kwesilinda esijingizayo (CM3 / R)
η – ukusebenza kahle komshini wesilinda sokushwibeka η=0.8~0.85
Uma isivinini esimaphakathi sokuzungezisa seshafti eshwibayo saziwa ngele-N (r/min), bese kuba nokugeleza kwevolumu yesilinda eshwibekayo. Qu (L/min)
Umfanekiso 2-24 Pinion kanye nesilinda sohlobo lwe-rack
1.1 'inadi elilodwa 2.2' ibhawudi elilodwa 3 ikhava yokuphela 4,4 'indandatho eyodwa yokuvala ikhava 5.5′ isihlalo esisodwa sasentwasahlobo/sentwasahlobo 6,6 'i-rack piston eyodwa 7 igobolondo elilodwa 8.21 iwasha eyodwa 9 indandatho eyodwa ebambayo enwebekayo 10 iwasha eyodwa eyisicaba 11.13.17.20.24 — 0 indandatho 12.25 — iwasha eyisicaba yekhava yesiphetho
Ukulungisa ibhawudi 15 – I-Piston bush 16 – indandatho yomhlahlandlela we-piston 18- I-Gear shaft 19 – i-low bearing 22 – i-upper bearing
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-22-2022
