Vavu kuthamanga kutentha mlingo valavu magetsi hydraulic actuator chiyambi

Vavu kuthamanga kutentha mlingo valavu magetsi hydraulic actuator chiyambi

Kuthamanga kwa valve - kutentha kwa kutentha ndipamwamba kovomerezeka kugwiritsira ntchito pa kutentha komwe kumawonetsedwa ngati kuthamanga kwa geji. Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, mphamvu yovomerezeka yogwira ntchito imachepa. Deta yoyezetsa kutentha ndiyo maziko olondola a ma flanges, ma valve ndi zopangira zitoliro pansi pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika kosiyanasiyana, komanso zofunikira pakupanga zomangamanga ndi kupanga. ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 flange pressure-temperature ratings for American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute ndi BS1560 Part II amapangidwa motsatira ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 pressure-temperature.
Kutentha kwa kutentha
Kuthamanga kwa valve - kutentha kwa kutentha ndipamwamba kovomerezeka kugwiritsira ntchito pa kutentha komwe kumawonetsedwa ngati kuthamanga kwa geji. Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, mphamvu yovomerezeka yogwira ntchito imachepa. Deta yoyezetsa kutentha ndiyo maziko olondola a ma flanges, ma valve ndi zopangira zitoliro pansi pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika kosiyanasiyana, komanso zofunikira pakupanga zomangamanga ndi kupanga.
Kuyeza kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi deta ya zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zikuwonetsedwa mu Mutu 4. Mayiko ambiri apanga miyezo yoyezera kutentha kwa ma valve, zotengera ndi ma flanges.
I. Miyezo yaku America
Mu chikhalidwe cha ku America, kupanikizika kwa kutentha kwa ma valve zitsulo kumayenderana ndi ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992, ASMEB 16.34-1996; Kupanikizika kwa kutentha kwa ma valve achitsulo monga ANSI 816.1-1989} B16.4-1989} ANSI B16.42-1985: Kupanikizika kwa kutentha kwa ma valve amkuwa monga ASME/ANSI B16.15A-1992, ASME Provisions of B16 .24-1991.
1) ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 imatchula mitundu iwiri ya kukula kwa flange m'Chingerezi ndi mayunitsi a metric, ndikulembanso kupanikizika kwa flange ndi kutentha komwe kumagwira ntchito pamakina awiriwa motsatana. Njira yodziwira mphamvu ya unit ya ku Britain - mlingo wa kutentha waperekedwa mu Appendix D ya Standard.
Kutengera mayunitsi a metric monga chitsanzo, njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi:
Kumene PT ndi mphamvu yaikulu yovomerezeka yogwira ntchito (MPa) pa kutentha komwe kwatchulidwa;
PN - Kuthamanga mwadzina (MPa);
σ- - Kupanikizika kovomerezeka (MPa) kwa zinthuzo pa kutentha kwapadera.
Kumene, mtengo wa 148 ndi mtengo wovomerezeka wazitsulo za carbon zitsulo kutentha, komwe kumadziwika kuti reference stress coefficient.
σ mu chilinganizo zimatengera mawonekedwe a kutentha kwa zinthu, kupanikizika kovomerezeka ndi kutulutsa mphamvu za zinthu pa kutentha kosiyana, ndi katundu wa bawuti. Mtengo wa σ S wafotokozedwa mu ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Mitundu yofikira 100 yazinthu zabuluu zaku France zimaphatikizidwa mumtundu womwewo, womwe umayikidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi makina.
ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 flange pressure-temperature ratings for American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute ndi BS1560 Part II amapangidwa motsatira ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 pressure-temperature.
2) American ANSI B16.42-1985 "ductile iron chitoliro Flanges ndi Flanged Fittings" muyezo amapereka CL150 ndi CL300 (PN2.0 ndi PN5.0mpa) ductile chitsulo flange kuthamanga kutentha mlingo mu appendix wa muyezo amaperekanso njira mapangidwe kalasi ya kutentha kwa kuthamanga, Mfundo yake yayikulu, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, zoletsa ndi njira zake zimagwirizana ndi ASME/ANSIB 16.5A-1992.
3) ASME B16.34-1996 imaphatikizapo deta ya kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ma valve opangidwa ndi flanged mu ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Kuwotcha-kutentha kwa mavavu a flanged mu mulingo uwu kumatsatira njira yopangira ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Muyezo uwu umatchula kupanikizika - matebulo a deta ya kutentha kwa ma valve a flanged ndi matako-welded standard class ndi ma valve opangidwa ndi matako apadera. Pali zida zoposa 100 za valve zomwe zalembedwa muyeso, zogawidwa m'magulu 27.
Ii. Miyezo yaku Germany
Muyezo waku Germany wa DIN2401-1977, Gawo II, Kupanikizika Kovomerezeka Kovomerezeka kwa Makasitomala a Kupanikizika kwa Chitoliro, Zigawo zapaipi yachitsulo ndi zitoliro zachitsulo, ndi mulingo wokwanira pakuwunika kwa kutentha. Pakati pawo, kukakamizidwa kovomerezeka kwa chitoliro chopanda msoko, chitoliro chowotcherera, flange, valavu, kuyika chitoliro ndi bawuti pansi pazida zosiyanasiyana komanso kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Muyezowu umaphatikizapo mitundu 6 ya zida zopindika, mitundu 4 ya valavu yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi flanged, mitundu 5 yazitsulo zotayidwa, 5 zazitsulo zopukutira, zonse zomwe ndi zida zoyambirira. Zitsulo zonse ndi carbon steel ndi low alloy steel, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri siziphatikizidwa.
Zimanenedwa momveka bwino muyeso kuti pamene zipangizo zina zosiyana ndi zida zoyambirira zimasankhidwa, mphamvu yovomerezeka yogwira ntchito idzawerengedwa molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya mphamvu ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yamtengo wapatali ya zinthu zoyambirira zomwe zatchulidwa mu muyezo pa 20 ℃.
Pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zachitsulo - kutentha kwa ISO/DIS70651 "Flange chitsulo" kumawonjezeredwa. Njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa zinthu zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi:
Kumene PT ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka yogwira ntchito (MPa) ya zinthu zomwe zangotchulidwa kumene pa kutentha kwa T;
PN - Kuthamanga mwadzina (MPa);
σs- - kutulutsa mphamvu ya zinthu pa kutentha T, mwachitsanzo
Sigma, sigma 0.1 0.2 (MPa).
Kumene, mtengo 205 ndi mphamvu zokolola za Cr18Ni8Mo zitsulo pa 20 ℃, zomwe zimadziwika kuti reference stress coefficient.
Chachitatu, muyezo wakale wa Soviet
Kale Soviet muyezo TOCT356-1980 "Vavu ndi mapaipi Chalk mphamvu mwadzina, kukakamiza mayeso ndi ntchito kuthamanga mndandanda", zonse mogwirizana ndi cMIAC muyezo RTAB253-19760
Mgwirizano wapakati pa kukakamiza kwa ntchito ndi kukakamiza mwadzina kumawonetsedwa ndi njira iyi:
Kumene PT - mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pa kutentha T, (MPa);
PN - Kuthamanga mwadzina (MPa);
σ20 - Kupanikizika kovomerezeka (MPa) kwazinthu pa 200 ℃;
Kupanikizika kovomerezeka kwa zinthu pa σ S - - kutentha (MPa)
Muyeso wakale wa Soviet TOCT356-1980, zida zimayikidwa m'magulu. Muyeso uwu, kupanikizika kwakukulu kovomerezeka kovomerezeka pansi pa 200 ℃ kumawonedwa ngati kukakamiza kogwira ntchito pansi pa kutentha kwabwino, komanso kofanana ndi kukakamiza mwadzina.
Miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi
Muyezo wapadziko lonse wa ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 "Common Pipe Flanges" ndi ophatikiza muyeso waku America ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 ndi mulingo waku Germany wodziyimira pawokha wa gulu la flange. Chifukwa chake, milingo yoyezetsa kutentha imatengedwa ku United States ndi Germany m'maiko awiri, njira yokhazikitsira kutentha kwa flange ndi muyezo wa ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 wofananira ndi PN0.25, monga 0.6, 1.0. , 1.6, 2.5, 4.0 MPa ndi German flange dongosolo; PN2,5,10,15,25,42MPa ndi ya American flange system. Muyezo wa kutentha-kutentha kwa dongosolo lililonse umagwira ntchito ku flange pa dongosolo lake.
Chachisanu, mfundo za dziko la China
Muyezo wa dziko lonse GB/T9124-2000(Zakumapeto A) "Technical Conditions for Steel Pipe Flanges" amatanthauza mfundo ndi njira zopangira kupanikizika ndi kutentha mu German DIN2401-1977 ndi American ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992, ndi ntchito Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi flange ku China. Malinga ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wa ISO/DIS7005-1-1992, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa flange kwa magawo awiri amphamvu (PNO.25 ~ 4.0mpa, PN2.0 ~ 42.0mpa) adapangidwa motsatana.
Muyezo umatchula mitundu 13 ya zida za flange mu 12 giredi kuthamanga mwadzina, kutentha ntchito 20 ~ 530 ℃ ndi lalikulu lolola ntchito kuthamanga.
Single piston rod hydraulic cylinder Chithunzi 2-23 chikuwonetsa chojambula cha silinda imodzi ya piston ya hydraulic cylinder. Silinda ya hydraulic iyi ili ndi ndodo ya pistoni m'chipinda chimodzi chokha. Njira yake yoyika ili ndi mitundu iwiri ya silinda yokhazikika ndi ndodo ya pistoni yokhazikika. Kuti mutulutse kusuntha kwa mzere, kukonza kwa silinda kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Malo ogwira ntchito a single piston rod hydraulic cylinder okhala ndi ndodo ndipo palibe ndodo yofanana. Choncho, pamene mafuta oponderezedwa alowa m'mabowo awiri a silinda pamtundu womwewo wa kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga, kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa pisitoni kumbali ziwirizo sikufanana. Oscillating yamphamvu akhoza kukwaniritsa oscillating reciprocating kuyenda, Oscillating Angle ndi zosakwana 360 °.
Kugwiritsa ntchito hydraulic actuator pakuwongolera valavu sikwabwino ngati pneumatic ndi magetsi actuator. Kwenikweni, bola ngati gwero lamphamvu la pneumatic actuator lisinthidwa kukhala gwero lamphamvu la hydraulic, limatha kukhala hydraulic actuator. Hydraulic actuator kwenikweni ndi silinda ya hydraulic, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hydraulic actuator hydraulic cylinder, makamaka piston rod hydraulic cylinder ndi swing hydraulic cylinder.
1 silinda ya hydraulic
(1) Single piston rod hydraulic cylinder Chithunzi 2-23 chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha silinda imodzi ya piston. Silinda ya hydraulic iyi ili ndi ndodo ya pistoni muchipinda chimodzi chokha. Njira yake yoyika ili ndi mitundu iwiri ya silinda yokhazikika ndi ndodo ya pistoni yokhazikika. Kuti mutulutse kusuntha kwa mzere, kukonza kwa silinda kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Malo ogwira ntchito a single piston rod hydraulic cylinder okhala ndi ndodo ndipo palibe ndodo yofanana. Choncho, pamene mafuta oponderezedwa alowa m'mabowo awiri a silinda pamtundu womwewo wa kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga, kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa pisitoni kumbali ziwirizo sikufanana.
Chithunzi 2-23 Schematic chithunzi cha single piston rod hydraulic cylinder
A) mafuta akamadyetsedwa popanda ndodo b) mafuta akamadyetsedwa ndi ndodo c) pamene kugwirizana kosiyana kwa silinda ya hydraulic ikuchitika
Mu FIG. 2-23, mu chithunzi A, mafuta akadyetsedwa popanda ndodo, liwiro lake ndi mphamvu yotulutsa; mu chithunzi B, mafuta akadyetsedwa ndi ndodo, liwiro lake ndi mphamvu yotulutsa; C ikuwonetsa kulumikizana kosiyana kwa silinda ya hydraulic, ndipo liwiro lake ndi: mphamvu yotulutsa ndi.
(2) Swing cylinder imatha kukwanitsa kuyenda mobwerezabwereza, kugwedezeka kwake kocheperako ndi 360 °. Mtundu wa tsamba limodzi ndi rack ndi pinion ndi masilinda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Choyikapo ndi pinion swing cylinder imapanga choyikapo pa pisitoni ndodo pakati pa ma pistoni awiri. Choyikacho chimangiriridwa ndi zida kuti chisinthire kubwereza kwa ndodo ya pisitoni mu kasinthasintha wa tsinde lotulutsa, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 24. Single blade plate swing cylinder monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2-25A, imadalira madzi kukankhira tsamba. mbale mu silinda kuti mukwaniritse kugwedezeka. Mu silinda yozungulira iyi, torque yozungulira yapakatikati P pa shaft ya pendulum ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2-25b, ndipo mtengo wake umachokera ku kuthamanga P ndi mtunda wa R.
Makokedwe amakokedwe opangidwa ndi sing'anga kuthamanga akuchita kumanzere kwa mbale lonse tsamba ndi
Mu chilinganizo, D - yamphamvu m'mimba mwake (masentimita);
D - Diameter of swing axis (cm);
P - Kuthamanga kwa ntchito yolowera (MPa);
H - m'lifupi tsamba (cm);
Qu - Kusuntha pakusintha kwa silinda yozungulira (CM3 / R)
η - makina oyendetsa bwino a silinda η=0.8~0.85
Ngati pafupifupi liwiro la kuzungulira kwa shaft yozungulira imadziwika kuti N (r/min), ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ya silinda yozungulira. Ku (L/mphindi)
Chithunzi 2-24 Pinion ndi rack mtundu swing silinda
1.1 'nati imodzi 2.2' bawuti imodzi 3 chivundikiro chakumapeto 4,4 'mphete imodzi yosindikizira 5.5' mpando umodzi wa masika / masika 11.13.17.20.24 - 0 mphete 12.25 - wochapira womaliza
Kusintha bawuti 15 - Piston bush 16 - mphete yolondolera pisitoni 18- Shaft ya giya 19 - yotsika 22 - yonyamula pamwamba