Ọkụ nrụgide okpomọkụ valvụ eletrik hydraulic actuator mmeghe
Nrụgide valvụ - ogo okpomọkụ bụ nrụgide arụ ọrụ dị elu nwere ike ime na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ akọwapụtara dị ka nrụgide nlele. Ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, elu nke nrụgide ọrụ na-ekwe ka ọ na-ebelata. Data ọkwa nrụgide nrụgide bụ isi ihe ndabere maka nhọrọ ziri ezi nke flanges, valves na ọkpọkọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, yana ihe ndị bụ isi na nhazi injinia na mmepụta ihe. ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 flange mgbali-okpomọkụ ratings maka American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute na BS1560 Part II ka emepụtara dị ka ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 mgbali-okpomọkụ ratings.
Ogo okpomọkụ nrụgide
Nrụgide valvụ - ogo okpomọkụ bụ nrụgide arụ ọrụ dị elu nwere ike ime na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ akọwapụtara dị ka nrụgide nlele. Ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, elu nke nrụgide ọrụ na-ekwe ka ọ na-ebelata. Data ọkwa nrụgide nrụgide bụ isi ihe ndabere maka nhọrọ ziri ezi nke flanges, valves na ọkpọkọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, yana ihe ndị bụ isi na nhazi injinia na mmepụta ihe.
E gosipụtara ọkwa nrụgide-okpomọkụ na data maka ihe dị iche iche n'Isi nke 4. Ọtụtụ mba ewepụtala ụkpụrụ nrịbama okpomọkụ maka valves, ntinye na flanges.
I. Ụkpụrụ America
Na ọkọlọtọ America, nrụgide na ọkwa okpomọkụ maka valves ígwè dị na ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992, ASMEB 16.34-1996; Nrụgide na ọkwa okpomọkụ maka valvụ ígwè nkedo dị ka ANSI 816.1-1989} B16.4-1989} ANSI B16.42-1985: Nrụgide na ọkwa okpomọkụ maka valves ọla dị ka ASME / ANSI B16.15A-1992, ASME Nkwadebe nke B16 .24-1991.
1) ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 na-edepụta usoro nha flange abụọ n'asụsụ Bekee na nkeji metric, wee depụta nrụgide flange na ọkwa okpomọkụ dị na sistemụ abụọ ahụ n'otu n'otu. Usoro iji chọpụta nrụgide nkeji nke Briten – ka enyere ogo okpomọkụ na Mgbakwunye D nke Standard.
N'iji nkeji metric dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro maka ikpebi ọkwa nrụgide maka ihe dị iche iche bụ:
Ebe PT bụ nrụgide ọrụ na-ekwe ka ọ dị ukwuu (MPa) na okpomọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ;
PN - nrụgide ọnụ (MPa);
σ- - Nchegbu a na-anabata (MPa) nke ihe na okpomọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ.
Ebe, uru 148 bụ uru nrụgide nke ihe nchara carbon n'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ, nke a maara dị ka ọnụọgụ nrụgide nrụtụ aka.
σ na usoro a na-emetụta àgwà okpomọkụ nke ihe onwunwe, nrụgide na-ekwe ka ike na-emepụta ihe na okpomọkụ dị iche iche, na ibu bolt. A kọwapụtara uru nke σ S na ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Ihe dị ka 100 ụdị ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke French na-esonye n'ọkọlọtọ, nke a na-achịkọta dị ka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ yiri ya na ihe eji arụ ọrụ.
ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 flange mgbali-okpomọkụ ratings maka American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute na BS1560 Part II ka emepụtara dị ka ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 mgbali-okpomọkụ ratings.
2) American ANSI B16.42-1985 "ductile iron pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings" ọkọlọtọ na-enye CL150 na CL300 (PN2.0 na PN5.0mpa) ductile iron flange pressure rating na mgbakwunye nke ọkọlọtọ na-enyekwa usoro nhazi. nke klas okpomọkụ nrụgide, ụkpụrụ ya bụ isi, oke ojiji, mgbochi na usoro na-adabere na ASME/ANSIB 16.5A-1992.
3) ASME B16.34-1996 na-agụnye data nrụgide okpomọkụ maka valves flanged na ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992. Ntụle ọnọdụ okpomọkụ maka valves flanged na ọkọlọtọ a na-agbaso usoro nhazi nke ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Ọkọlọtọ a na-edepụta nrụgide - tebụl data ọkwa okpomọkụ maka valvụ ọkọlọtọ klas flanged na butt-welded yana maka valvụ klaasị pụrụ iche ejiri butt. Enwere ihe karịrị 100 ihe valvụ edepụtara na ọkọlọtọ, kewara n'ime otu 27.
Ii. Ụkpụrụ German
Ọkọlọtọ German DIN2401-1977, Nkebi nke Abụọ, Nrụgide Na-arụ Ọrụ Maka Nrụgide Nrụgide Ọkpụkpụ, akụkụ ígwè na nkedo ígwè, bụ ụkpụrụ zuru oke maka ọkwa nrụgide-okpomọkụ. N'ime ha, a na-edepụta nrụgide ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọkpọkọ na-enweghị ntụpọ, ọkpọkọ welded, flange, valve, ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ na bolt n'okpuru ihe dị iche iche na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị iche iche. Ọkọlọtọ a gụnyere ụdị flanged 6, ụdị valvụ iron flanged 4, igwe nkedo 5, ụdị nchara 5, nke niile bụ ihe mbụ. All steels bụ carbon ígwè na ala alloy ígwè, igwe anaghị agba nchara adịghị agụnye.
Edebere n'ụzọ doro anya na ọkọlọtọ na mgbe ahọpụtara ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche na nke mbụ, a ga-agbakọọ nrụgide ọrụ na-ekwe ka ọ dị n'etiti uru njirimara ike nke ihe eji eme ihe na ike uru nke ihe mbụ akọwapụtara na ya. Standard na 20 ℃.
Maka nrụgide ihe igwe anaghị agba nchara - ogo okpomọkụ, ISO/DIS70651 "flange steel" agbakwunyere. Usoro maka ikpebi ọkwa nrụgide-okpomọkụ nke ihe igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ:
Ebe PT bụ ikike ịrụ ọrụ ikike (MPa) nke ihe ọhụrụ akọwapụtara na okpomọkụ T;
PN - nrụgide ọnụ (MPa);
σs- - mkpụrụ ike nke ihe na okpomọkụ T, ntụgharị
Sigma, sigma 0.1 0.2 (MPa).
Ebe, uru 205 bụ mkpụrụ ike uru nke Cr18Ni8Mo ígwè na 20 ℃, mara dị ka ntụaka nrụgide ọnụọgụ.
Nke atọ, ọkọlọtọ Soviet mbụ
Standardkpụrụ Soviet mbụ TOCT356-1980 "Valve na pipeline ngwa nrụgide ọnụ, nnwale nnwale na usoro nrụgide ọrụ", niile kwekọrọ na ọkọlọtọ cMIAC RTAB253-19760
A na-egosipụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nrụgide ọrụ na nrụgide ọnụ site na usoro a:
Ebe PT - nrụgide ọrụ nke ihe a kapịrị ọnụ na okpomọkụ T, (MPa);
PN - nrụgide ọnụ (MPa);
σ20 - Ike nrụgide (MPa) nke ihe onwunwe na 200 ℃;
Nchegbu nke ihe nwere ike ime na σ S - - okpomọkụ (MPa)
Na ọkọlọtọ Soviet mbụ TOCT356-1980, a na-achịkọta ihe. N'ọkọlọtọ a, a na-ahụta nrụgide ọrụ ikike dịtụ ukwuu n'okpuru 200 ℃ dị ka nrụgide na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nkịtị, yana nha nha n'ọnụ.
Ụkpụrụ mba ụwa
Ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 “Common Pipe Flanges” bụ ngwakọta nke ọkọlọtọ America ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 na ọkọlọtọ German ọkọlọtọ nominal mgbali klaasị flange. Nrụgide, Ya mere, a okpomọkụ mba ụkpụrụ na-otu n'ime nakweere na United States na Germany mba abụọ a flange mgbali okpomọkụ nke ụkpụrụ ntọala usoro na kwekọrọ ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 na nominal mgbali PN0.25, dị ka 0.6, 1.0. , 1.6, 2.5, 4.0 MPa bụ a German flange usoro; PN2,5,10,15,25,42MPa bụ nke American flange usoro. Standardkpụrụ nrịba okpomọkụ maka sistemu ọ bụla na-emetụta naanị ọkọlọtọ flange maka sistemu dị iche iche.
Nke ise, ụkpụrụ mba China
Ọkọlọtọ mba GB/T9124-2000 (Ihe Okike A) “Ọnọdụ Nka na ụzụ maka Steel Pipe Flanges” na-ezo aka na ụkpụrụ na ụzọ maka ịmepụta nrụgide na ọkwa okpomọkụ na German DIN2401-1977 na American ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992, na-eji. Ngwa flange a na-ejikarị na China. Dị ka ọkọlọtọ mba ISO/DIS7005-1-1992, flange mgbali-okpomọkụ rating maka abụọ nominal mgbali usoro (PNO.25 ~ 4.0mpa, PN2.0 ~ 42.0mpa) e chepụtara n'otu n'otu.
The ọkọlọtọ ezipụta 13 ụdị flange ihe na 12 nominal mgbali akara ule, arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke 20 ~ 530 ℃ dịtụ nnukwu ekwe na-arụ ọrụ nrụgide.
Otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder Figure 2-23 na-egosi atụmatụ atụmatụ nke otu piston mkpanaka hydraulic cylinder. Silinda hydraulic a nwere mkpanaka piston na naanị otu ọnụ ụlọ. Usoro ntinye ya nwere ụdị cylinder abụọ edozi na mkpanaka piston. Iji wepụta ngbanwe ahịrị, a na-ejikarị ndozi cylinder eme ihe. Ebe na-arụ ọrụ dị irè nke otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder na oghere mkpanaka na enweghị oghere mkpanaka adịghị nhata. Ya mere, mgbe mmanụ nrụgide na-abanye n'oghere abụọ nke cylinder n'otu nrụgide na ọsọ ọsọ, ọsọ ọsọ na ntinye nke piston na ntụziaka abụọ ahụ adịghị nhata. Silinda oscillating nwere ike nweta mmegharị ntugharị na-emegharị emegharị, akụkụ oscillating ya erughị 360°.
Ngwa nke hydraulic actuator na valvụ na-achịkwa adịghị mma dị ka pneumatic na ọkụ eletrik. N'ụkpụrụ, ọ bụrụhaala na a na-agbanwe isi iyi nke pneumatic actuator na ike hydraulic, ọ nwere ike ịghọ onye na-arụ ọrụ hydraulic. Hydraulic actuator bụ n'ezie cylinder hydraulic, eji na hydraulic actuator hydraulic cylinder, tumadi otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder na swing hydraulic cylinder.
1 hydraulic cylinder
(1) Single piston rod hydraulic cylinder Figure 2-23 na-egosi schematic eserese nke otu piston mkpanaka hydraulic cylinder. Silinda hydraulic a nwere mkpanaka piston na naanị otu ọnụ ụlọ. Usoro ntinye ya nwere ụdị cylinder abụọ edozi na mkpanaka piston. Iji wepụta ngbanwe ahịrị, a na-ejikarị ndozi cylinder eme ihe. Ebe na-arụ ọrụ dị irè nke otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder na oghere mkpanaka na enweghị oghere mkpanaka adịghị nhata. Ya mere, mgbe mmanụ nrụgide na-abanye n'oghere abụọ nke cylinder n'otu nrụgide na ọsọ ọsọ, ọsọ ọsọ na ntinye nke piston na ntụziaka abụọ ahụ adịghị nhata.
Ọgụgụ 2-23 Eserese atụmatụ nke otu piston mkpanaka hydraulic cylinder
A) mgbe a na-enye mmanụ na-enweghị oghere mkpanaka b) mgbe a na-enye mmanụ na oghere mkpara c) mgbe a na-eme njikọ dị iche iche nke cylinder hydraulic.
Na FIG. 2-23, na ọnụ ọgụgụ A, mgbe a na-eri mmanụ na-enweghị oghere mkpanaka, ọsọ ya na-arụpụta ike; na ọnụ ọgụgụ B, mgbe mmanụ na-eri nri na mkpanaka oghere, ọsọ ya bụ mmepụta ike; C na-egosi njikọ dị iche iche nke cylinder hydraulic, na ọsọ ya bụ: ike mmepụta bụ.
(2) Silinda swing nwere ike nweta mmegharị na-emegharị emegharị, akụkụ swing ya na-erughị 360 Celsius. Otu agụba ụdị na ogbe na pinion ụdị ka a na-ejikarị oscillating cylinders. Ngwunye igwe na pinion swing cylinder na-eme akwa na mkpanaka piston n'etiti piston abụọ. The rack meshed na gia iji gbanwee mmegharị mmegharị nke mkpanaka piston n'ime ntụgharị nke ogwe mmepụta, dị ka egosiri na Figure 24. Otu efere agụba swing cylinder dị ka e gosiri na Figure 2-25A, ọ na-adabere na mmiri iji mee ka agụba ahụ pụta. efere n'ime cylinder iji nweta swing. N'ime cylinder a na-emegharị emegharị, a na-egosi ntụgharị ntụgharị nke ọkara nrụgide P na ogwe pendulum na Figure 2-25b, uru ya bụ ngwaahịa nke nrụgide P na anya R.
The traction torque na-eme site na ọkara nrụgide na-eme n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke dum agụba efere bụ
Na usoro, D - cylinder ahụ dayameta (cm);
D - dayameta nke swing axis (cm);
P - nrụgide ọrụ ntinye (MPa);
H - obosara agụba (cm);
Qu - Ntugharị kwa mgbanwe nke cylinder swinging (CM3 / R)
η - arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ nke cylinder swing η = 0.8 ~ 0.85
Ọ bụrụ na a na-ama nkezi ọsọ ntụgharị nke ogwe aka na-atụgharị dị ka N (r / min), mgbe ahụ, ụda olu nke cylinder na-agbagharị. Qu (L/min)
Ọgụgụ 2-24 Pinion na rack ụdị swing cylinder
1.1 'otu nut 2.2' otu bolt 3 otu njedebe mkpuchi 4,4 'otu mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi akara 5.5' otu oche mmiri / mmiri 6,6 'otu piston rack 7 otu shei 8.21 otu onye na-asa akwa 9 otu mgbanaka na-agbanwe agbanwe 10 otu akwa akwa 11.13.17.20.24 - 0 mgbanaka 12.25 - njedebe mkpuchi dị larịị
Ndozi bolt 15 – Piston ohia 16 – mgbanaka ntuziaka piston 18- Gear shaft 19 – ala ala 22 – elu elu
Oge nzipu: Jun-22-2022
