Kenyelletso ea likhakanyo tsa mocheso oa likhatello tsa valve ea motlakase oa hydraulic actuator
Khatello ea valve - tekanyo ea mocheso ke khatello e phahameng e amohelehang ea ho sebetsa ka mocheso o itseng o hlalositsoeng e le khatello ea gauge. Ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, khatello e amohelehang ea ho sebetsa e fokotseha. Lintlha tsa tekanyo ea khatello ea mocheso ke motheo o ka sehloohong oa khetho e nepahetseng ea li-flanges, li-valve le lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe tlas'a mocheso o fapaneng oa ho sebetsa le likhatello, hammoho le litekanyetso tsa motheo tsa moralo oa boenjiniere le tlhahiso. ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 likhatello tsa mocheso-mocheso oa flange bakeng sa American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute le BS1560 Karolo ea II li entsoe ho latela ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 likhatello tsa mocheso oa khatello.
Tekanyo ea mocheso oa khatello
Khatello ea valve - tekanyo ea mocheso ke khatello e phahameng e amohelehang ea ho sebetsa ka mocheso o itseng o hlalositsoeng e le khatello ea gauge. Ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, khatello e amohelehang ea ho sebetsa e fokotseha. Lintlha tsa tekanyo ea khatello ea mocheso ke motheo o ka sehloohong oa khetho e nepahetseng ea li-flanges, li-valve le lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe tlas'a mocheso o fapaneng oa ho sebetsa le likhatello, hammoho le litekanyetso tsa motheo tsa moralo oa boenjiniere le tlhahiso.
Tekanyo ea khatello ea mocheso le lintlha tsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng li bontšoa Khaolong ea 4. Linaha tse ngata li thehile litekanyetso tsa boemo ba khatello ea mocheso bakeng sa li-valve, li-fittings le li-flanges.
I. Mekhoa ea Amerika
Boemong ba Amerika, khatello ea litekanyetso tsa mocheso bakeng sa li-valve tsa tšepe li lumellana le ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992, ASMEB 16.34-1996; Khatello ea likhatello tsa mocheso bakeng sa li-valve tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe ho latela ANSI 816.1-1989} B16.4-1989} ANSI B16.42-1985: Khatello ea litekanyetso tsa mocheso bakeng sa li-valve tsa bronze ho latela ASME/ANSI B16.15A-1992, ASME Litokisetso tsa B16 .24-1991.
1) ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 e hlalosa letoto la mefuta e 'meli ea boholo ba li-flange ka li-unit tsa Senyesemane le metric, mme e thathamisa khatello ea flange le litekanyetso tsa mocheso tse sebetsang ho litsamaiso tse peli ka ho latellana. Mokhoa oa ho khetholla khatello ea unit ea Brithani - tekanyo ea mocheso e fanoe ho Sehlomathiso sa D sa Maemo.
Ho nka mohlala oa li-unit tsa metric, mokhoa oa ho khetholla likhatello tsa mocheso-mocheso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng ke:
Moo PT e leng khatello e batlang e le kholo e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa (MPa) ka mocheso o boletsoeng;
PN - Khatello ea lebitso (MPa);
σ- - Khatello e lumelletsoeng (MPa) ea thepa ka mocheso o itseng.
Moo, boleng ba 148 ke boleng bo lumelletsoeng ba khatello ea tšepe ea carbon steel mocheso oa kamore, o tsejoang e le coefficient ea khatello ea maikutlo.
σ ka foromo e susumetsoa ke litšoaneleho tsa mocheso oa thepa, khatello e lumelletsoeng le matla a tlhahiso ea thepa ka mocheso o fapaneng, le mojaro oa bolt. Boleng ba σ S bo hlalositsoe ho ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 100 ea thepa e putsoa ea Sefora e kenyellelitsoeng molemong, e hlophisitsoeng ho latela sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tse tšoanang le thepa ea mochini.
ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 likhatello tsa mocheso-mocheso oa flange bakeng sa American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute le BS1560 Karolo ea II li entsoe ho latela ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 likhatello tsa mocheso oa khatello.
2) Tekanyetso ea Amerika ANSI B16.42-1985 "peipi ea tšepe ea ductile Flanges le Flanged Fittings" e fana ka CL150 le CL300 (PN2.0 le PN5.0mpa) tekanyo ea mocheso oa mocheso oa tšepe ea ductile ka har'a sehlomathiso sa tekanyo e boetse e fana ka mokhoa oa ho theha. ea sehlopha sa mocheso oa khatello, Molao-motheo oa eona oa mantlha, boholo ba tšebeliso, lithibelo le lits'ebetso ha e le hantle li lumellana le ASME/ANSIB 16.5A-1992.
3) ASME B16.34-1996 e kenyelletsa lintlha tsa tekanyo ea khatello ea mocheso bakeng sa li-valve tse nang le flanged ho ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992. Litekanyetso tsa khatello ea mocheso bakeng sa li-valve tse nang le flanged ka mokhoa ona li latela mokhoa oa ho etsa ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Tekanyetso ena e thathamisa khatello - litafole tsa data tsa tekanyo ea mocheso bakeng sa li-valve tsa maemo a tloaelehileng a flanged le butt-welded le bakeng sa li-valve tsa sehlopha se khethehileng sa butt-welded. Ho na le lisebelisoa tse fetang 100 tsa li-valve tse thathamisitsoeng ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, tse arotsoeng ka lihlopha tse 27.
Ii. Litekanyetso tsa Sejeremane
Tekanyetso ea Sejeremane ea DIN2401-1977, Karolo ea II, Khatello e Lumelehileng ea ho Sebetsa bakeng sa Liphaephe tsa Khatello ea Liphaephe, Litšepe le likarolo tsa lipeipi tsa tšepe, ke tekanyetso e akaretsang ea tekanyo ea khatello ea mocheso. Har'a bona, khatello e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa ea phala e se nang moeli, phala e cheselitsoeng, flange, valve, ho kenya liphaephe le bolt tlas'a lisebelisoa tse fapaneng le maemo a fapaneng a mocheso a thathamisitsoe. Tekanyetso ena e kenyelletsa mefuta e 6 ea lisebelisoa tse betliloeng, mefuta e 4 ea lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tsa tšepe, mefuta e 5 ea tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, mefuta e 5 ea litšepe tse entsoeng, tseo kaofela e leng lisebelisoa tsa mantlha. Litšepe tsohle ke tšepe ea carbon le tšepe e tlaase ea alloy, tšepe e sa hloekang ha e kenyelelitsoe.
Ho boletsoe ka ho hlaka ho latela maemo a hore ha ho khethoa lisebelisoa tse ling tse fapaneng le tsa pele, khatello e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa e tla baloa ho latela karo-karolelano lipakeng tsa boleng ba matla a thepa e sebelisitsoeng le boleng ba matla ba thepa ea mantlha e boletsoeng ho maemo a 20 ℃.
Bakeng sa khatello ea thepa ea tšepe e sa hloekang - tekanyo ea mocheso, ISO/DIS70651 "flange ea tšepe" e tlatsetsoa. Mokhoa oa ho khetholla tekanyo ea khatello ea mocheso oa thepa ea tšepe e sa hloekang ke:
Moo PT e leng khatello e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa (MPa) ea thepa e sa tsoa boleloa mocheso oa T;
PN - Khatello ea lebitso (MPa);
σs- - tlhahiso ea matla a thepa ka mocheso oa T, ke hore
Sigma, sigma 0.1 0.2 (MPa).
Moo, boleng ba 205 ke boleng ba tlhahiso ea Cr18Ni8Mo ho 20 ℃, e tsejoang e le coefficient ea khatello ea maikutlo.
Ea boraro, maemo a pele a Soviet
Boemo ba mehleng ba Soviet TOCT356-1980 "Valve le lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe ka lebitso, khatello ea liteko le letoto la khatello ea ho sebetsa", tsohle li tsamaellana le maemo a cMIAC RTAB253-19760.
Kamano pakeng tsa khatello ea mosebetsi le khatello ea lebitso e hlahisoa ka mokhoa o latelang:
Moo PT - khatello ea ho sebetsa ea thepa e boletsoeng mocheso oa T, (MPa);
PN - Khatello ea lebitso (MPa);
σ20 - Khatello e lumelletsoeng (MPa) ea thepa ho 200 ℃;
Khatello ea maikutlo e lumelletsoeng ho σ S - — mocheso (MPa)
Boemong ba mehleng ea Soviet TOCT356-1980, lisebelisoa li hlophisitsoe. Boemong bona, khatello e batlang e le kholo e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa e ka tlase ho 200 ℃ e nkuoa e le khatello e sebetsang tlas'a mocheso o tloaelehileng, 'me e lekana le khatello ea lebitso.
Litekanyetso tsa machaba
Tekanyetso ea machaba ea ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 "Common Pipe Flanges" ke motsoako oa maemo a Amerika a ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 le a Jeremane a tloaelehileng a lebitso la "flange" a tloaelehileng. Khatello, ka hona, litekanyetso tsa tekanyo ea mocheso li amoheloa ka ho latellana United States le Jeremane linaheng tse peli, mokhoa oa ho beha maemo a mocheso oa mocheso oa flange le ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 ka khatello ea lebitso PN0.25, joalo ka 0.6, 1.0 , 1.6, 2.5, 4.0 MPa ke mokhoa oa Jeremane oa flange; PN2,5,10,15,25,42MPa ke ea sistimi ea flange ea Amerika. Tekanyetso ea maemo a khatello ea mocheso bakeng sa sistimi ka 'ngoe e sebetsa feela ho maemo a flange a sistimi e fapaneng.
Ea bohlano, litekanyetso tsa naha tsa China
Tekanyetso ea naha ea GB/T9124-2000(Sehlomathiso A) "Technical Conditions for Steel Pipe Flanges" e bua ka melao-motheo le mekhoa ea ho etsa litekanyetso tsa khatello le mocheso ka Sejeremane DIN2401-1977 le American ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992, 'me e sebelisoa. thepa ea flange e sebelisoang hangata Chaena. Ho ea ka litekanyetso tsa machaba tsa ISO/DIS7005-1-1992, tekanyo ea khatello ea mocheso ea flange bakeng sa lihlopha tse peli tsa khatello ea kelello (PNO.25 ~ 4.0mpa, PN2.0 ~ 42.0mpa) e entsoe ka ho latellana.
Tekanyetso e bolela mefuta e 13 ea lisebelisoa tsa flange ho limaraka tse 12 tsa khatello, mocheso o sebetsang oa 20 ~ 530 ℃ khatello e kholo e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa.
Molamu o le mong oa piston hydraulic cylinder Setšoantšo sa 2-23 se bonts'a setšoantšo sa moralo oa piston rod hydraulic cylinder. Silinda ena ea haeteroliki e na le molamu oa piston ka phaposing e le 'ngoe feela. Mokhoa oa eona oa ho kenya o na le mefuta e 'meli ea silinda e tsitsitseng le molamu oa piston o tsitsitseng. Bakeng sa ho fana ka phallo ea linear, cylinder fixation e sebelisoa khafetsa. Sebaka se sebetsang se sebetsang sa piston rod hydraulic cylinder e nang le molamu oa molamu 'me ha ho na molamu oa molamu o sa lekanang. Ka hona, ha oli ea khatello e kena ka har'a likoti tse peli tsa silinda ka khatello e tšoanang le lebelo la ho phalla, lebelo le ho phunyeletsa ha piston ka litsela tse peli ha li lekane. Oscillating cylinder e ka fihlella motsamao o phetelang ka oscillating, Angle ea eona e oscillating e ka tlase ho 360°.
Ts'ebeliso ea hydraulic actuator ho valve e laolang ha e ntle joalo ka actuator ea pneumatic le ea motlakase. Ha e le hantle, ha feela mohloli oa matla oa pneumatic actuator o fetoloa mohloling oa matla a hydraulic, e ka fetoha motlakase oa hydraulic. Hydraulic actuator ha e le hantle ke hydraulic cylinder, e sebelisoang ho hydraulic actuator hydraulic cylinder, haholo-holo piston rod hydraulic cylinder le swing hydraulic cylinder.
1 silindara ea haeteroliki
(1) Molamu o le mong oa piston hydraulic cylinder Setšoantšo sa 2-23 se bonts'a setšoantšo sa moralo oa piston rod hydraulic cylinder. Silinda ena ea haeteroliki e na le molamu oa piston ka phaposing e le 'ngoe feela. Mokhoa oa eona oa ho kenya o na le mefuta e 'meli ea silinda e tsitsitseng le molamu oa piston o tsitsitseng. Bakeng sa ho fana ka phallo ea linear, cylinder fixation e sebelisoa khafetsa. Sebaka se sebetsang se sebetsang sa piston rod hydraulic cylinder e nang le molamu oa molamu 'me ha ho na molamu oa molamu o sa lekanang. Ka hona, ha oli ea khatello e kena ka har'a likoti tse peli tsa silinda ka khatello e tšoanang le lebelo la ho phalla, lebelo le ho phunyeletsa ha piston ka litsela tse peli ha li lekane.
Setšoantšo sa 2-23 Setšoantšo sa meralo sa molamu o le mong oa piston oa hydraulic cylinder
A) ha oli e feptjoa ntle le molamu oa molamu b) ha oli e feptjoa ka molamu oa molamu c) ha ho kopana ho fapaneng ha hydraulic cylinder ho etsoa.
Ho FIG. 2-23, setšoantšong sa A, ha oli e feptjoa ntle le molamu oa molamu, lebelo la eona ke matla a tlhahiso; setšoantšong sa B, ha oli e feptjoa ka molamu oa molamu, lebelo la eona ke matla a tsoang; C e bonts'a khokahano e fapaneng ea silinda ea hydraulic, mme lebelo la eona ke: matla a phallo ke.
(2) Swing cylinder e ka fihlella motsamao o kgutlelanang wa swing, Angle ea eona ea swing e ka tlase ho 360 °. Mofuta o le mong oa lehare le mofuta oa rack le pinion ke li-cylinders tse sebelisoang hangata. Moqomo oa rack le pinion swing o etsa rack holim'a molamu oa piston pakeng tsa lipiston tse peli. The rack meshed le gear ho fetola motsamao o pheta-phetang oa molamu oa piston ho potoloha ha shaft e hlahisoang, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 24. Moqomo o le mong oa lehare o otlolohileng joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 2-25A, e itšetlehile ka mokelikeli ho sutumelletsa lehare. letlapa ka moqomong ho fihlela ho tsokotsa. Ka cylinder ena e sisinyehang, torque e potolohang ea khatello e mahareng P holim'a shaft ea pendulum e bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 2-25b, 'me boleng ba eona ke sehlahisoa sa khatello ea P le sebaka sa R.
The traction torque e hlahisoang ke khatello ea mahareng e sebetsang ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la poleiti eohle ea lehare ke
Ka foromo, D - silindara 'mele bophara (cm);
D - Diameter ea swing axis (cm);
P - Khatello ea ho sebetsa ka ho kena (MPa);
H - bophara ba lehare (cm);
Qu - Phetoho ka 'ngoe ea moqomo o ts'oarang (CM3 / R)
η - bokhoni ba mochine oa moqomo oa ho sisinyeha η=0.8~0.85
Haeba lebelo le tloaelehileng la ho potoloha ha leqhubu la swinging le tsejoa e le N (r/min), joale phallo ea molumo oa moqomo o sothehang. Qu (L/mots)
Setšoantšo sa 2-24 Pinion le moqomo oa mofuta oa rack
1.1 'nate e le 'ngoe 2.2' bolt e le 'ngoe 3 sekoahelo se le seng 4,4' sekoahelo se le seng sa sekoahelo sa 5.5 'setulo se le seng sa selemo / selemo 11.13.17.20.24 - 0 ring 12.25 - sekoahelo sa ho qetela se hlatsoang
Ho lokisa boutu 15 – Piston bush 16 – piston guide ring 18- Gear shaft 19 – lower bearing 22 – Upper bearing
Nako ea poso: Jun-22-2022
