Bawul matsa lamba rating bawul lantarki na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuator gabatarwa
Matsin bawul - ƙimar zafin jiki shine mafi girman matsi na aiki mai izini a ƙayyadadden zazzabi da aka bayyana azaman ma'aunin ma'auni. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, mafi girman matsi na aiki da aka yarda yana raguwa. Bayanan matsi-zazzabi bayanai shine babban tushe don daidaitaccen zaɓi na flanges, bawuloli da kayan aikin bututu a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban da matsa lamba, da kuma mahimman sigogi a ƙirar injiniya da masana'anta. ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 flange matsa lamba-zazzabi ratings ga American Petroleum Institute, Japan Petroleum Institute, Faransa Petroleum Institute da BS1560 Part II an tsara su daidai da ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 matsi-zazzabi ratings.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki
Matsin bawul - ƙimar zafin jiki shine mafi girman matsi na aiki mai izini a ƙayyadadden zazzabi da aka bayyana azaman ma'aunin ma'auni. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, mafi girman matsi na aiki da aka yarda yana raguwa. Bayanan matsi-zazzabi bayanai shine babban tushe don daidaitaccen zaɓi na flanges, bawuloli da kayan aikin bututu a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban da matsa lamba, da kuma mahimman sigogi a ƙirar injiniya da masana'anta.
Ana nuna ƙimar yanayin zafin jiki da bayanai don abubuwa daban-daban a Babi na 4. Ƙasashe da yawa sun ƙirƙira ma'aunin ƙimar zafin jiki don bawuloli, kayan aiki da flanges.
I. Matsayin Amurka
A cikin ma'auni na Amurka, matsa lamba zuwa ƙimar zafin jiki don bawul ɗin ƙarfe suna daidai da ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992, ASMEB 16.34-1996; Matsa lamba ga ƙimar zafin jiki don bawul ɗin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe kamar yadda ANSI 816.1-1989} B16.4-1989} ANSI B16.42-1985: Matsawa ga ƙimar zafin jiki don bawul ɗin tagulla kamar yadda ASME/ANSI B16.15A-1992, ASME tanada na B16 .24-1991.
1) ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 ya rubuta jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan flange guda biyu a cikin Ingilishi da raka'a metric, kuma suna lissafin ƙimar flange da ƙimar zafin jiki waɗanda suka dace da tsarin biyu bi da bi. Hanya don ƙayyade matsa lamba na naúrar Biritaniya - ana ba da ƙimar zafin jiki a cikin Karin D na Ma'auni.
Ɗaukar raka'a awo a matsayin misali, dabarar tantance ƙimar matsi-zazzabi don kayan daban-daban shine:
Inda PT shine ingantacciyar matsi mai ƙyalli na aiki (MPa) a ƙayyadadden zazzabi;
PN - Matsin lamba (MPa);
σ- - Ƙwararrun da aka yarda (MPa) na abu a ƙayyadadden zafin jiki.
Inda, ƙimar 148 ita ce ƙyale ƙimar danniya na kayan ƙarfe na carbon a zazzabi na ɗaki, wanda aka sani da ƙimar damuwa.
σ a cikin ma'auni yana tasiri ta yanayin yanayin zafi na kayan aiki, damuwa da aka yarda da ƙarfin ƙarfin kayan aiki a yanayin zafi daban-daban, da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa. An ƙayyade ƙimar σ S a cikin ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan shuɗi na Faransa 100 sun haɗa a cikin ma'auni, waɗanda aka haɗa su gwargwadon nau'ikan sinadarai iri ɗaya da kaddarorin injina.
ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 flange matsa lamba-zazzabi ratings ga American Petroleum Institute, Japan Petroleum Institute, Faransa Petroleum Institute da BS1560 Part II an tsara su daidai da ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 matsi-zazzabi ratings.
2) American ANSI B16.42-1985 "ductile baƙin ƙarfe bututu Flanges da Flanged Fittings" misali samar da CL150 da CL300 (PN2.0 da PN5.0mpa) ductile baƙin ƙarfe flange matsa lamba rating a cikin appendix na misali kuma samar da tsari hanya. na ajin zafin jiki na matsin lamba, ƙa'idar sa ta asali, iyakokin amfani, ƙuntatawa da hanyoyin sun dace da ASME/ANSIB 16.5A-1992.
3) ASME B16.34-1996 ya haɗa da bayanan ƙididdiga na zafin jiki don bawul ɗin flanged a cikin ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992. Ma'aunin zafin jiki na matsa lamba don bawuloli masu flanged a cikin wannan ma'aunin suna bin hanyar ƙirƙira na ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Wannan ma'auni yana lissafin matsa lamba - teburin bayanan ƙimar zafin jiki don ƙayyadaddun bawuloli masu walƙiya da butt-welded da na bawul ɗin aji na musamman masu walƙiya. Akwai fiye da 100 kayan bawul da aka jera a cikin ma'auni, zuwa kashi 27.
Ii. Matsayin Jamus
Misalin Jamusanci DIN2401-1977, Sashe na II, Halaltaccen Matsi na Aiki don azuzuwan matsin bututu, Karfe da sassan bututun ƙarfe, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ma'auni ne don ƙimar zafin jiki. Daga cikin su, an jera matsi na aiki da aka yarda da bututu maras kyau, bututu mai welded, flange, bawul, bututu mai dacewa da kusoshi a ƙarƙashin kayan daban-daban da yanayin zafin jiki daban-daban. Wannan ma'auni ya haɗa da kayan flanged nau'ikan 6, nau'ikan kayan bawul ɗin simintin simintin ƙarfe 4, nau'in simintin ƙarfe 5, ƙarfe na jabu iri 5, duk waɗannan kayan asali ne. Duk karafa ne carbon karfe da ƙananan gami karfe, bakin karfe ba a hada.
An bayyana a fili a cikin ma'auni cewa lokacin da aka zaɓi wasu kayan da suka bambanta da kayan asali, za a ƙididdige matsi na aiki da aka yarda bisa ga rabo tsakanin ƙarfin halayen kayan da aka yi amfani da su da ƙarfin ƙimar kayan asali da aka ƙayyade a cikin Standard a 20 ℃.
Don matsa lamba na bakin karfe - ƙimar zafin jiki, TS EN ISO / DIS70651 "flange karfe" an ƙara. Dabarar tantance matsi-zazzabi na kayan bakin karfe shine:
Inda PT shine matsi na aiki da aka yarda (MPa) na sabon ƙayyadadden abu a zazzabi T;
PN - Matsin lamba (MPa);
σs- - ƙarfin ƙarfin abu a zazzabi T, watau
Sigma, sigma 0.1 0.2 (MPa).
Inda, darajar 205 shine ƙimar ƙarfin amfanin ƙasa na Cr18Ni8Mo karfe a 20 ℃, wanda aka sani da ƙimar damuwa na tunani.
Na uku, tsohuwar ƙa'idar Soviet
Tsohon Soviet misali TOCT356-1980 "Bawul da bututun na'urorin haɗi matsa lamba na maras muhimmanci, gwajin matsa lamba da kuma aiki matsa lamba jerin", duk a layi tare da cMIAC misali RTAB253-19760
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin matsi na aiki da matsa lamba na ƙididdiga ana bayyana ta da wannan dabara:
Inda PT - matsin aiki na ƙayyadaddun abu a zazzabi T, (MPa);
PN - Matsin lamba (MPa);
σ20 - Ƙimar daɗaɗɗa (MPa) na abu a 200 ℃;
Danniya mai izini na abu a σ S - - zazzabi (MPa)
A cikin tsohuwar tsarin Soviet TOCT356-1980, an haɗa kayan. A cikin wannan ma'auni, in mun gwada da manyan halaltaccen aiki matsa lamba kasa 200 ℃ ana daukarsa a matsayin aiki matsa lamba a karkashin al'ada zazzabi, kuma daidai da maras muhimmanci matsa lamba.
Matsayin duniya
Ma'auni na kasa da kasa ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 "Common Pipe Flanges" haɗe ne na ma'aunin Amurka ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 da ma'auni na ma'aunin matsa lamba na Jamusanci. Matsa lamba, saboda haka, ana ɗaukar ma'aunin ƙimar zafin jiki bi da bi a cikin Amurka da Jamus ƙasashe biyu hanyar daidaita yanayin zafin ƙimar flange da daidaitaccen ISO / DIS7005-1-1992 a cikin matsa lamba na PN0.25, kamar 0.6, 1.0 , 1.6, 2.5, 4.0 MPa tsarin flange ne na Jamus; PN2,5,10,15,25,42MPa na cikin tsarin flange na Amurka. Ma'auni na matsi-zazzabi na kowane tsarin yana aiki ne kawai ga ma'aunin flange don tsarin daban-daban.
Na biyar, matsayin kasar Sin
Ma'auni na kasa GB/T9124-2000 (Shafi A) "Sharuɗɗan Fasaha don Ƙarfe Flanges" yana nufin ka'idoji da hanyoyi don tsara matsa lamba da ƙimar zafin jiki a cikin Jamusanci DIN2401-1977 da Amurka ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992, da kuma amfani da su. Abubuwan flange da aka saba amfani da su a China. Dangane da daidaitattun ISO / DIS7005-1-1992, ƙimar zafin zafin jiki na flange don jerin matsa lamba guda biyu (PNO.25 ~ 4.0mpa, PN2.0 ~ 42.0mpa) an tsara su bi da bi.
A misali ƙayyade 13 irin flange kayan a 12 maras muhimmanci matsa lamba maki, aiki zafin jiki na 20 ~ 530 ℃ in mun gwada da manyan halatta aiki matsa lamba.
Silinda na silinda na sandar piston guda ɗaya Hoto na 2-23 yana nuna ƙirar silinda ta sandar piston guda ɗaya. Wannan silinda na ruwa yana da sandar piston a cikin ɗaki ɗaya kawai. Hanyar shigarwa yana da nau'i biyu na Silinda kafaffen da kuma kafaffen sandar piston. Domin fitar da matsaya ta layi, ana amfani da gyaran silinda akai-akai. Ingantacciyar wurin aiki na silinda mai amfani da piston guda ɗaya tare da rami na sanda kuma babu rami na sanda bai daidaita ba. Saboda haka, lokacin da mai matsa lamba ya shiga cikin ramuka biyu na Silinda a daidai matsi da matsewar ruwa, gudu da bugun fistan a cikin kwatance biyu ba daidai ba ne. Silinda mai jujjuyawa na iya cimma motsi mai jujjuyawar jujjuyawar, kusurwar motsinta bai wuce 360° ba.
Aikace-aikacen na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa a cikin sarrafa bawul ba shi da kyau kamar mai kunna huhu da lantarki. A ka'ida, idan dai an canza tushen wutar lantarki na pneumatic actuator zuwa tushen wutar lantarki, zai iya zama mai kunnawa na hydraulic. Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuator haƙiƙa na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Silinda, amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuator na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Silinda, yafi guda piston sanda na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Silinda da lilo na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Silinda.
1 na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Silinda
(1) Silinda na silinda na sandar piston guda ɗaya Hoto na 2-23 yana nuna ƙirar ƙirar silinda ta sandar piston guda ɗaya. Wannan silinda na ruwa yana da sandar piston a cikin ɗaki ɗaya kawai. Hanyar shigarwa yana da nau'i biyu na Silinda kafaffen da kuma kafaffen sandar piston. Domin fitar da matsaya ta layi, ana amfani da gyaran silinda akai-akai. Ingantacciyar wurin aiki na silinda mai amfani da piston guda ɗaya tare da rami na sanda kuma babu rami na sanda bai daidaita ba. Saboda haka, lokacin da mai matsa lamba ya shiga cikin ramuka biyu na Silinda a daidai matsi da matsewar ruwa, gudu da bugun fistan a cikin kwatance biyu ba daidai ba ne.
Hoto 2-23 Tsarin tsari na silinda na silinda na sandar piston guda ɗaya
A) lokacin da ake ciyar da mai ba tare da rami ba b) lokacin da ake ciyar da mai tare da rami na sanda c) lokacin da aka gudanar da haɗin haɗin hydraulic na daban.
A cikin FIG. 2-23, a cikin adadi A, lokacin da ake ciyar da mai ba tare da rami na sanda ba, saurinsa yana fitar da karfi; a cikin siffa B, lokacin da ake ciyar da mai tare da rami na sanda, saurinsa yana fitar da karfi; C yana nuna bambancin haɗin silinda na hydraulic, kuma saurinsa shine: ƙarfin fitarwa shine.
(2) Silinda Swing na iya cimma motsi mai jujjuyawa, kusurwar lilonsa bai wuce 360 ° ba. Nau'in ruwa guda ɗaya da tarawa da nau'in pinion sune mafi yawan amfani da silinda mai motsi. Rack da pinion swing cylinder suna yin taraka akan sandar fistan tsakanin pistons biyu. Rack meshed tare da kayan aiki don canza motsi mai juyawa na sandar piston a cikin jujjuyawar magudanar fitarwa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 24. Silinda farantin farantin guda ɗaya kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto 2-25A, yana dogara da ruwa don tura ruwa. farantin a cikin Silinda don cimma lilo. A cikin wannan silinda mai jujjuyawa, jujjuyawar jujjuyawar matsakaiciyar matsa lamba P akan madaidaicin madaurin yana nunawa a cikin Hoto 2-25b, kuma ƙimar sa shine samfurin matsa lamba P da nesa R.
Matsakaicin juzu'i wanda matsakaicin matsa lamba yana aiki a gefen hagu na duk farantin ruwa shine
A cikin dabara, D - Silinda jiki diamita (cm);
D - Diamita na axis (cm);
P - Matsi na aiki mai shiga (MPa);
H - Girman ruwa (cm);
Qu - Matsar da kowane juyin juya halin silinda mai juyawa (CM3 / R)
η - ingantattun injina na silinda lilo η = 0.8 ~ 0.85
Idan matsakaicin saurin jujjuyawar igiyar juyawa da aka sani da N (r/min), to ƙarar kwararar silinda mai juyawa. Ku (L/min)
Hoto 2-24 Pinion da nau'in rak na silinda
1.1 'kwaya ɗaya 2.2' ɗaya aronji 3 murfin ƙarshen ƙarshen 4,4 'ɗaya murfin murfin rufe zobe 5.5' wurin zama na bazara / bazara 6,6 'piston guda ɗaya 7 harsashi ɗaya 8.21 ɗayan wanki ɗaya 9 ɗaya riƙewa na roba 10 ɗayan faren wanki 11.13.17.20.24 - 0 zobe 12.25 - ƙarshen murfin lebur mai wanki
Daidaita kusoshi 15 - Piston daji 16 - zoben jagora 18- Gear shaft 19 - ƙaramar ƙasa 22 - Ƙarfin sama
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-22-2022
