Selokhu kwaqubuka i-COVID-19, lo mbuzo obonakala ulula udale ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kochwepheshe nezwe: Ingabe amalungu omphakathi angaguli kufanele asebenzise imaski ukuze anciphise ukusabalala kwalesi sifo?
Sekuphele izinyanga i-CDC igcizelela ukuthi yibona kuphela abantu abadinga ukugqoka imaskhi yilabo abagulayo noma abalashwa ngemaski. Lo mbono usuka embonweni wokuthi imaski yezokwelapha eyisisekelo yenza okuncane ukuvikela umuntu oyigqokile, kodwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela iziguli ukuthi zingafafazi amaconsi athathelwanayo emakhaleni nasemilonyeni yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesidingo sokubeka phambili ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ezilinganiselwe kubasebenzi bezokwelapha abaphambili. I-World Health Organization yavuma.
Kepha amanye amazwe asebenzise amasu ahlukene, aphakamisa ukuthi imaski kufanele isetshenziswe noma abantu bengekho ekhaya kwezinye izimo. Ososayensi abaningi nabo sebeqalile ukuphakamisa ukuthi inqubomgomo yemaski ebanzi ingaba umqondo omuhle.
Kwathi ngemuva kwezinsuku zokuqagela, uMongameli uDonald Trump wamemezela ngo-Ephreli 3 ukuthi i-CDC incoma ukuthi abantu basebenzise imaski yobuso bendwangu ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, noma egcizelela ukuthi lesi sinyathelo singesokuzithandela futhi wathi ngeke alandele.
Uthe: "Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka imaskhi kuzoba ngokuzithandela." "Ungakwena lokhu. Awudingi ukwenza lokhu. Ngikhetha ukungakwenzi.”
Le nhlangano iveze imininingwane emisha yokuthi “ingxenye enkulu” yabantu abangenwe yi-coronavirus entsha ingasabalalisa leli gciwane kwabanye noma bengenazo izimpawu. Isikhungo sibuyekeze lesi sincomo sathi, “Noma nini lapho umuntu kufanele ahambe, wonke umuntu kufanele agqoke imaskhi yobuso bendwangu. Ngena ezindaweni zomphakathi.”
Iwebhusayithi ebuyekeziwe ye-CDC ithi: “Ukumboza ubuso ngendwangu akukhona ukuvikela umuntu oyigqokile, kodwa ukuvimbela leli gciwane ukuthi lisabalale lisuka koligqokile liye kwabanye.” "Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma umuntu enegciwane kodwa engenazimpawu."
Nakuba e-United States, ukuthambekela sekuphenduke ukucasha okwengeziwe, abanye ochwepheshe banokungabaza ngale nqubomgomo. Kunocwaningo oluncane kakhulu kumaski wendwangu, futhi abukho ubufakazi obuningi emhlabeni wangempela bokuncoma imaski yezokwelapha emphakathini. Uma abantu bengasigqoki kahle isembozo, noma uma benza iphutha ngomuzwa wokuvikeleka okungamanga, lezi ziqondiso zingase zibhebhethekise ukushoda komaski bezokwelapha noma ukuqubuka komlilo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abanye ososayensi baveze ukuthi ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri lukhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamaski, kanye namamodeli “awenze ngokwakho” angasebenzi kahle, kusengaba usizo. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezifihla-buso kungase kuvimbele abantu ukuthi bathinte ubuso babo futhi kusize ekudluliseleni ubukhali balolu bhubhane.
Sizobuyekeza olunye ucwaningo nokucabanga ngemuva kwezifihla-buso futhi sichaze ukuthi kungani imibono ihluka. Kodwa okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi naphezu kwempikiswano, ezindabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu, ochwepheshe abaningi bayavumelana:
Ngokuya ngomklamo, imaski inganciphisa ukusabalala kwezifo zabantu abanaleli gciwane kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukulawula umthombo, futhi/noma ingavikela abagqokile ekuthelelekeni.
Mayelana ne-COVID-19, ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Lapho umuntu onaleli gciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amaconsi okuphefumula awela emlonyeni noma emakhaleni abanye. Amaconsi angaphinde angcolise indawo abanye abantu abayithintayo ngaphambi kokubathinta ubuso.
Lapha, imaski yokuhlinzwa eyisisekelo-imaski elahlayo-ingaba usizo, ngoba uma umuntu ogulayo egqoke imaskhi, amaconsi ayo athathelwanayo angase avaleleke kumaski. Odokotela nabahlengikazi abagqoke izifihla-buso ezinjalo bangavikeleka ngoba bangase bakhwehlele noma bathimule.
Kepha abacwaningi baphinde basole ukuthi i-coronavirus entsha i-SARS-CoV-2 ingahlala emoyeni njengamaconsi amancane kakhulu abizwa ngama-aerosol futhi angadonswa abantu abaseduze. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-New England Journal of Medicine ngoMashi 17 lwathi ukudluliswa kwe-aerosol "kunengqondo." Ocwaningweni, kwatholakala ukuthi leli gciwane “lihlala liphila” kuma-aerosol akhiqizwa ngomshini isikhathi esingafika emahoreni amathathu. Nakuba ingxenye yawo ayitheleleki ngemva kwehora. Akukacaci ukuthi lo mshini udlala malini ekusabalaleni kwaleli gciwane, futhi lokhu kusabalala mancane amathuba okuthi lisabalalise leli gciwane ezindaweni ezikude, kodwa ososayensi baya ngokuya bekholelwa ukuthi leli gciwane lizokwenzeka ngezinga elithile.
UMargaret Sietsema, uprofesa wezempilo emsebenzini eNyuvesi yase-Illinois eChicago, uthe: “Ngikholwa ukuthi yonke imizila yokudlulisela ingase ibambe iqhaza lapha, okusho ukuthi lesi sifo singahogela, ngakho indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela Iwumshini wokuphefumula.”
I-respirator ihlanganisa i-N95 respirator evame ukucashunwa, okuwumshini wokuphefumula oqinile olahlwayo ongakha uphawu ebusweni futhi uhlanganise nesihlungi esikhethekile esingabamba okungenani u-95% wezinhlayiya ezisemoyeni ezidlula kuso. (Ukugwema ukudideka, ngeke sibize noma yimuphi umshini wokuphefumula ngemaski kusukela manje kuqhubeke.)
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-N95, imaski yokuhlinzwa ayiklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kuma-aerosol. Njengoba ibhulogi ye-CDC ichaza, imaski yokuhlinza "iklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwamaconsi, kodwa ayilawuli ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwezinhlayiyana, futhi ayikwazi ukwenza uphawu olwanele lobuso bomuntu owugqokile ofuna ukuphefumula."
USietsema usanda kubuyekeza ubufakazi bemaski obuvela eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota's Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Uncome ukuthi ama-N95 respirators asetshenziselwe abasebenzi bezempilo abaxhumana neziguli ze-COVID-19, kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi abukho ubufakazi obanele bokusekela inqubomgomo yemaski ebanzi yokufaka abantu abanempilo.
Uthe imaski ingakwazi ukunciphisa ukutheleleka ngokubamba amaconsi amakhudlwana kubantu abanaleli gciwane, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela kubantu abanezimpawu, futhi ukholelwa ukuthi noma ngubani onezimpawu akumele abe sendaweni yomphakathi.
Uthe ku-imeyili: "Angicabangi ukuthi imaski izonciphisa ukudluliselwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu, ngoba umoya awusoze wakhetha indlela yokumelana kakhulu (ngokusebenzisa imaski), uzodlula imaski kuphela,"
Ukhathazekile futhi ngokuthi izincomo zikamaski zizodala ukuthi abantu bakhululeke kude nomphakathi futhi zingase zibe nzima umsebenzi wokugcina imaski yokuhlinzwa yabasebenzi bezokwelapha abaphambili.
Nokho, abanye ososayensi abavumelani nalokho. Bathi nakuba izifihla-buso zingeke zisebenze ngokugcwele, zingase zibe ngcono kunalutho.
UBenjamin Cowling, udokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eNyuvesi yaseHong Kong, akacabangi ukuthi imaski yokuhlinzwa ayinamsebenzi emphakathini uwonke.
Uthe nge-imeyili: “Yebo, ngingakholwa ukuthi azoba ngcono uma esetshenziswa ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma ehlanganiswa nezinye izinto zokuzivikela kanye nokuziphatha, kodwa abalulekile lapho egqokwa emzimbeni. Lokhu kuyintuthuko enkulu. Isetshenziswa abasebenzi bezokwelapha, kodwa ayinamsebenzi uma igqokwe abanye.
Ocwaningweni olusanda kushicilelwa, u-Colin wabhala ngokuhlanganyela ucwaningo lwe-Natural Medicine. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi imaski yokuhlinzwa yehlisa isibalo samagciwane okuphefumula axoshwa lapho abantu bephefumula futhi bekhwehlela emishinini ekhethekile.
Phambilini, olunye ucwaningo olwenziwa uColin nabanye abasebenzisa ukusetha okufanayo bathola ukuthi imaski yokuhlinzwa yehlisa inani le-RNA yomkhuhlane abacwaningi ababengayithola kumaconsi amancane namakhulu okuphefumula. Kumaconsi amakhudlwana, umphumela unamandla kakhulu, kodwa ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi imaski inganciphisa ama-aerosols ngezinga elithile.
Lezi zinhlobo zocwaningo zikhombisile ukuthi, ngokwethiyori, imaski ingakhawulela ukusabalala kwamagciwane okuphefumula, kodwa kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokuthi imaski ibe yisinyathelo sezempilo somphakathi esisebenzayo kubantu uwonke.
Phela, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, uma abantu bengazimisele ukuhlukana nomphakathi futhi bagcine bethinta ubuso babo kakhulu, noma uma beqhubeka nokuthinta ingaphandle le-mask, imaskhi ingaba negciwane futhi imaskhi ingaba yingozi.
Ngisho nalabo abasekela ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezifihla-buso zomphakathi bayavuma ukuthi abukho ubufakazi obuqondile obunjalo. Esihlokweni sokubuyekezwa kwemithi yokuphefumula ethi “Lancet”, ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa “okunengqondo” kwemaski ukulwa ne-COVID-19, umbhali uchaza ubufakazi obukhona “njengobuyindlala.”
Yize ezinye izifundo zihlole imaski ehlukahlukene ezibhedlela noma kwezinye izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, bambalwa abantu abaye bahlola ukuthi imaski iyasebenza yini emphakathini - kukhona ngempela ukungahambisani kumamaski noma akukho miphumela ebalulekile eboniwe.
Isibonelo, u-Cowling usitshele ukuthi ubufakazi obuhle kakhulu buvela ezivivinyweni ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe futhi wasiqondisa ukuthi senze ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwezivivinyo eziyi-10 ezahlola imaski. Lezi zivivinyo zahlola ukuthi imaski ikunqanda kanjani ukusabalala komkhuhlane ezindaweni ezinjengamakhaya noma ezindlini zokulala. ikhono. Nakuba izivivinyo eziningi zizama ukwenza abantu bagqoke imaski, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukuthobela imithetho ephezulu kungase kube nomthelela, ukubuyekezwa kuthole ukuthi “ukusetshenziswa kwezifihla-buso akukunciphisi kakhulu ukusabalala komkhuhlane.” Izilingo eziningi nazo zincane kakhulu ukuthi zingafinyelela iziphetho Noma yiziphi iziphetho ezinhle.
U-Elaine Shuo Feng, isazi sezibalo kanye nesazi sezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eNyuvesi yase-Oxford futhi ongumbhali oholayo weLancet Respiratory Medicine Review, uthe: “Ngokusekelwe esifinyezweni sokuhlola okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe, kungase kube khona imithelela ethile kodwa engemihle. .” Inhlolokhono.
Usakholelwa ekutheni kuwubuhlakani ukuthi amazwe aqale ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwezifihla-buso. UFeng uthe: "Ukuntuleka kobufakazi obanele akusho ukuthi ukungenelela ngokwako akusebenzi." "Kulokhu, ngicabanga ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu ukuthembela kukho konke ukungenelela okutholakalayo okungezona ezemithi."
Ngo-2015, abacwaningi bashicilela isivivinyo sokuqala esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe semaski yendwangu, futhi bathola ukuthi lapho abasebenzi bezokwelapha eVietnam begqoka imaski esikhundleni semamaski okuhlinzwa alahlwayo, basengozini ephindwe ka-13 yokuba nezifo ezinjengomkhuhlane.
Izinga lokutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula weqembu lemaski yobuso bendwangu nalo laliphezulu kuneleqembu lokulawula. Iqembu elilawulayo kwesinye isikhathi ligqoka imaski yokuhlinzwa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zasesibhedlela. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi akekho noyedwa obengayigqoki imaskhi nhlobo, abacwaningi abakwazanga ukuthola ukuthi imaski yendwangu isenganikeza yini isivikelo kumuntu oyigqokile.
Umbhali wabhala: “Kutholwe ukuthi izinga lokutheleleka ezingalweni zamamaski endwangu laliphezulu kakhulu, elingachazwa ngemiphumela yemaski yendwangu, imaski yezokwelapha noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili.”
Olunye ucwaningo luye lwafunda ukuthi izindwangu ezithile noma imiklamo ivimbela kanjani ukusabalala kwamaconsi nezinhlayiyana elabhorethri. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umbhali wesivivinyo saseVietnam esho esihlokweni, ukuhlobana kwephepha ne-COVID-19 kukhombisa ukuthi abekho kula maski abahloliwe ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo.
Ucwaningo lwango-2013 lwahlola izinto zamaski zasendlini futhi lwathola ukuthi izikibha zikakotini zingase zibe namandla athile okuhlunga okuhlunga amagciwane namagciwane, kodwa ukusebenza kwemaski kuphansi kakhulu kumamaski okuhlinzwa. Ithimba liphethe ngokuthi imaski yokuzenzela ingcono kunokungabi nayo imaski, kodwa “kufanele ithathwe njengesinyathelo sokugcina.”
Ovivinyweni oluqinile ngo-2010, abacwaningi abavela ku-National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health e-United States baqhumisa izikibha, amathawula, ama-sweatshirts nezikhafu ngama-nanoparticles ukuze bahlole amandla okuhlunga ezindwangu zamaski ye-DIY. Yize ukusebenza kwalesi sici kuncishisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namamaski egesi e-N95, umbhali uveza ukuthi ahlinzeka kuphela "ukuvikela ukuphefumula okuncane", kepha izindwangu eziningi zibamba okungenani izinhlayiya ezithile.
U-Linsey Marr, uprofesa wobunjiniyela eVirginia Tech, ocwaninga ngokusakazeka kwamagciwane, uxwayisa abantu ukuthi bangathembeli kumaski enziwe ekhaya ukuze bavimbele amagciwane ukuthi ahogele emoyeni, kodwa kulabo abaphishekela imiklamo yabo, unamakhono athile asebenzayo.
Usitshele nge-imeyili: "Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zibe wugqinsi futhi zilukwe ngokuminyene, njengamathawula asekhishini noma izikibha ezisindayo, futhi imaskhi kufanele ibe seduze nekhala nomlomo ngaphandle kwezikhala."
Njengoba iNational Academy of Sciences yachaza embikweni ka-2006, imaski ye-impromptu ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sobhubhane. Isakhiwo sendwangu esiqinile singase sihlunge kangcono, kodwa kukhona ukuhwebelana. Lo mbiko uthe: “Ukuqina kwesakhiwo kuyanda futhi ukumelana nokuphefumula kuyanda, okuthinta ukunethezeka komsebenzisi lapho esebenzisa idivayisi.” Uthe, "Lokhu kungase kuthinte ukusetshenziswa."
Kulabo abakhetha ukugqoka imaski, uFeng uncoma ukufunda indlela efanele yokunciphisa ukutheleleka ngengozi okubangelwa imaski uqobo. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuvidiyo ye-WHO, ukhiye awuthinti ingaphandle lemaski-uma wenza kanjalo, geza izandla zakho.
Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu ukungacabangi ukuthi imaski ingakuvikela noma ikuvimbele ekuhlukaneni nomphakathi noma ukugeza izandla. Njengoba uFeng eshilo, lokhu "kungcono ukuhlala ekhaya".
Impendulo: Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi umgomo ogunyaziwe uzodala ukwehla kokuzala. Nakuba izivivinyo zomtholampilo zingakalucwaningi lolu daba, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabahlanganyeli bocwaningo abakakabiki ukulahlekelwa kwenzalo, futhi abakaze baqinisekise ukusabela okungekuhle ezigidini zabagomi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-19-2021
