Kwemakore anopfuura 100, vesainzi nemainjiniya vanga vachibatikana mukugadzira midziyo yekufema inozvimiririra.
Maviri akatevedzana ezvigadziro zvekufema zvega anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurwisa moto, kuvhurika dunhu uye rebreathers. Muhurongwa hwakavhurika, mweya wega wega unobuditswa mumhepo. Mudziyo wekufema kana kuti wakavharika unodzosera mweya wemushandisi, unobvisa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi uye unowedzera oxygen. Pamusana pekushanda kwavo, rebreathers ine uremu huremu, iduku muhukuru uye inogara kwenguva refu.
Iyo yakavhurika-yedunhu kufema system ine mudziyo wekupa mhepo, dhizaini inoderedza / inoda vharafu, vharafu yekufemesa uye mask. Mhepo inopihwa mune yakavhurika yedunhu system inowanzo compressed mweya. Huwandu hwemhepo pakufema hunopihwa kuburikidza neiyo pressure reducer/demand valve, uye inoburitswa mumhepo yakadzikama mushure mekufemerwa.
Zvese zvinofefetera zvinosanganisira bhegi rekufema sedziva rekufema kwemushandisi. Nekuti iyo rebreather inobvisa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi inogadzirwa nemushandisi uye inodzoreredza iyo okisijeni yaanoshandisa, gasi rinofema rinenge 100% okisijeni.
Inopa matatu emidziyo dhizaini yekutsiviwa kweokisijeni uye kubvisa kabhoni dhaibhoni: kemikari okisijeni, cryogenic uye okisijeni yakamanikidzwa.
Chigadzirwa chemhando yeokisijeni chinoshandisa makemikari anogadzirwa neokisijeni sosi. Mvura inobuditswa nemushandisi inomisa superoxide sefa, ichiburitsa okisijeni uye kugadzira alkaline munyu. Okisijeni iyi inosvika kumushandisi kuburikidza nebhegi rebreather. Iyo alkali inogadzirwa neiyi kemikari reaction inobvisa iyo inotevera exhaled kabhoni dhaokisaidhi uye inowedzera imwe oxygen. Sezvo kuita uku kusingagoni kunyatsodzorwa, mudziyo wacho wakagadzirirwa kubudisa oxygen yakawanda kupfuura inodiwa pametabolism. Iyi okisijeni yakawandisa inoburitswa mumhepo yakadzika kuburikidza nevharupu yekuburitsa.
Kubatsira kukuru kweiyo iri nyore dhizaini dhizaini ndiyo yakaderera yekutanga mutengo. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvisingabatsiri. Kutanga kemikari yekuita pamhepo yakadzika yakaoma uye dzimwe nguva haigoneki. Mari yeyuniti yemakemikari cartridges yakakwirira. Chinoita kuti dambudziko iri rinyanye kuoma ndechekuti kana kemikari yatanga, haigoni kukanganiswa. Pasinei nekudiwa, iyo kemikari yekuchaja yese inofanirwa kushandiswa kana kuraswa.
Mune yakadzika-kupisa yakavharwa masisitimu, mvura okisijeni inoshandiswa. Muchirongwa ichi chakanyanya kuoma, iyo exhaled carbon dioxide inobviswa nechando, uye yakadzika-tembiricha radiator inopiwa neokisijeni yemvura, imwe yacho inopinda mubhegi rekufema. Iyi sisitimu yakaoma uye inodhura haina kumbobvira yawana budiriro yekutengeserana. Nekudaro, cryogenic gasi kuchengetedza yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumasisitimu akavhurika.
Rudzi rwechitatu rwevhavha yedunhu system ndiyo yakamanikidzwa okisijeni dhizaini. Mune rudzi urwu rwekudzorera, iyo okisijeni yakachengetwa muhumburumbira inopfuura nepakati pekudzvinyirira mukati mehomwe yekufema, iyo iyo inodiwa yakawanda yeokisijeni inoputirwa.
Iyo gasi inofemerwa inopfuura nepakati pekabhoni dhaidhiokisi inopinza. Pano, carbon dioxide mumhepo yemushandisi inobviswa, uye okisijeni isina kushandiswa inoyerera ichipinda muhombodo yekufema. Okisijeni itsva inowedzerwa, uye gasi rekufema rakagadziridzwa rinounzwa kumushandisi uye rinoramba richitenderera. Kureruka, kusimba, uye kudhura kwakaderera kwekushandisazve michina yakadaro kwakaita kuti madhindindi ekufemesa eokisijeni akurumbire kwemakore mazhinji.
Muna 1853, Muzvinafundo Schwann akagadzira muchina wekufemesa mweya weokisijeni wemakwikwi akaitwa neBelgian Academy of Sciences. Schwann inoratidzika seyokutanga kuona kukwanisa kwe rebreathers inoshandiswa mumigodhi nemadhipatimendi emoto. Pakuvamba kwezana rino remakore, Bernhard Draeger weLübeck, Germany akagadzira uye akagadzira chinhu chinofefetera patsva. Muna 1907, Boston neMontana Smelting and Refining Company yakatenga maDraeger rebreathers mashanu, ayo aive maturusi ekutanga kushandiswa munyika. Rebreathers yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa emoto kwemakore anopfuura 25.
Mumakore makumi manomwe apfuura, kuvandudzwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa kune vanofemazve. Kuburikidza nemirairo yakasimba uye zvidzoreso zveNIOSH neMESA, zvishandiso zvanhasi zvakavimbika kupfuura kare.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-03-2021
