Ihame ryakazi ryubwoko 3 bwubuhumekero bufunze

Mu myaka irenga 100, abahanga naba injeniyeri bagize uruhare runini mugushushanya ibikoresho byo guhumeka byonyine.
Urukurikirane rw'ibikoresho byo guhumeka byonyine bikoreshwa cyane mukurwanya umuriro, kumuzunguruko no kwisubiraho. Muri sisitemu ifunguye, buri mwuka uhumeka usohoka mu kirere. Igikoresho gisubiramo cyangwa gifunze-kizunguruka kigarura umwuka wumukoresha, gikuraho dioxyde de carbone kandi cyongera ogisijeni. Bitewe nubushobozi bwabo, abisubiramo biroroshye muburemere, bito mubunini kandi biramba.
Sisitemu yo guhumeka ifunguye igizwe nigikoresho gitanga ikirere, kugabanya umuvuduko / icyifuzo cya valve, valve ihumeka na mask. Itangwa ryumwuka muri sisitemu yumuzunguruko isanzwe ni umwuka ucogora. Umwuka wumwuka uhumeka utangwa binyuze mukugabanya umuvuduko / kugabanuka, hanyuma ugasohoka mukirere kidasanzwe nyuma yo guhumeka.
Abisubiramo bose barimo umufuka uhumeka nkikigega cyo guhumeka ukoresha. Kubera ko reberi ikuraho karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone yakozwe nuyikoresha kandi ikuzuza ogisijeni akoresha, gaze ihumeka ni ogisijeni hafi 100%.
Itanga ibikoresho bitatu byo gusimbuza ogisijeni no gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde: ogisijeni ya chimique, cryogenic na ogisijeni ikomye.
Imiti yo mu bwoko bwa ogisijeni ikoresha imiti ya ogisijeni ikomoka ku miti. Amazi asohoka uyakoresha akora akayunguruzo ka superoxide, akarekura ogisijeni agakora umunyu wa alkaline. Iyi ogisijeni igera kubakoresha ibinyujije mu gikapu. Alkali ikorwa niyi reaction yimiti ikuraho dioxyde de carbone ikurikira kandi ikongeramo ogisijeni nyinshi. Kubera ko iki gisubizo kidashobora kugenzurwa neza, igikoresho cyagenewe kubyara ogisijeni irenze iyo isabwa kugirango metabolism ibe. Iyi ogisijeni irenze isohoka mu kirere kidukikije binyuze muri valve isohoka.
Inyungu nyamukuru yibi bikoresho byoroshye ni igiciro gito cyambere. Ariko, hariho ibibi bimwe. Gutangira imiti yubushyuhe buke biragoye kandi rimwe na rimwe ntibishoboka. Igiciro cyibikoresho bya karitsiye yimiti ni byinshi. Igituma iki kibazo kirushaho kuba ingorabahizi nuko iyo imiti itangiye, ntishobora guhagarikwa. Hatitawe kubikenewe, amafaranga yimiti yose agomba gukoreshwa cyangwa gutabwa.
Muri sisitemu yo gufunga ubushyuhe buke, ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni. Muri ubu buryo bugoye cyane, dioxyde de carbone isohotse ikurwaho no gukonjesha, kandi radiator yubushyuhe buke itangwa na ogisijeni yuzuye, bimwe muribi byinjira mumufuka uhumeka. Sisitemu igoye cyane kandi ihenze ntabwo yigeze igera kubucuruzi. Nyamara, kubika gaze ya kirogenike yakoreshejwe cyane muri sisitemu ifunguye.
Ubwoko bwa gatatu bwa sisitemu ifunze sisitemu nigishushanyo mbonera cya ogisijeni. Muri ubu bwoko bwa reabreather, ogisijeni ibitswe muri silinderi inyura mu kugabanya umuvuduko mu mufuka uhumeka, aho umwuka wa ogisijeni ukenewe uhumeka.
Gazi isohoka inyura muri karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone. Hano, karuboni ya dioxyde de umwuka wumukoresha irakurwaho, na ogisijeni idakoreshwa yinjira mumufuka uhumeka. Umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni wongeyeho, kandi gaze ihumeka igezwa kubakoresha kandi ikomeza kuzenguruka. Ubworoherane, imbaraga, nigiciro gito cyo kongera gukoresha ibyo bikoresho byatumye imyuka ihumeka ya ogisijeni ikunzwe mumyaka myinshi.
Mu 1853, Porofeseri Schwann yateguye umwuka uhumeka wa ogisijeni mu marushanwa yakozwe na Academy ya siyansi yo mu Bubiligi. Schwann asa nkuwambere wamenye ubushobozi bwimyitozo ngororamubiri ikoreshwa mu birombe no mu ishami ry’umuriro. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana, Bernhard Draeger w'i Lübeck, mu Budage yateguye kandi akora uruganda rushya. Mu 1907, uruganda rwa Boston na Montana rwo gusya no gutunganya rugura ibikoresho bitanu bya Draeger, bikaba aribyo bikoresho bya mbere byakoreshejwe mu gihugu. Rebreathers yakoreshejwe cyane muri serivisi zumuriro imyaka irenga 25.
Mu myaka 70 ishize, hari byinshi byahinduwe kubisubiramo. Binyuze mumabwiriza akomeye no kugenzura NIOSH na MESA, ibikoresho byiki gihe byizewe kuruta mbere hose.