Fiye da shekaru 100, masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi suna da hannu sosai a cikin ƙirar na'urar numfashi mai ɗaukar kansa.
Na'urorin numfashi guda biyu suna amfani da su sosai a cikin faɗan wuta, buɗe da'ira da sake kunnawa. A cikin buɗaɗɗen tsarin, kowane numfashi da aka fitar yana fitar da shi cikin yanayi. Na'urar sake numfashi ko rufewa tana dawo da numfashin mai amfani, yana cire carbon dioxide kuma yana haɓaka iskar oxygen. Saboda ingancin su, masu sake rebreathers suna da nauyi a cikin nauyi, ƙananan ƙananan kuma suna da tsawo.
Tsarin numfashi na buɗewa ya ƙunshi na'urar samar da iska, mai rage matsa lamba / buƙatun buƙatun, bawul ɗin numfashi da abin rufe fuska. Isar da iskar da ke cikin tsarin da'irar buɗaɗɗen iska yawanci matsa lamba ne. Ana ba da ƙarar iskar kowane numfashi ta hanyar mai rage matsa lamba/bawul ɗin buƙata, kuma ana fitar da shi cikin yanayi na yanayi bayan an shaka.
Duk masu sake numfashi sun haɗa da jakar numfashi azaman tafki don numfashin mai amfani. Domin mai sake numfashi yana cire carbon dioxide da mai amfani ya samar kuma ya cika iskar oxygen da yake cinyewa, iskar da ake shaka ta kusan kashi 100% na iskar oxygen.
Yana ba da ƙirar kayan aiki guda uku don maye gurbin oxygen da kawar da carbon dioxide: oxygen oxygen, cryogenic da matsa lamba oxygen.
Na'urar nau'in iskar oxygen tana amfani da tushen oxygen da aka samar da sinadarai. Ruwan da mai amfani ya fitar yana kunna matatar superoxide, yana sakin iskar oxygen da samar da gishirin alkaline. Wannan iskar oxygen yana isa ga mai amfani ta jakar sake numfashi. Alkali da aka samar da wannan sinadari yana cire carbon dioxide da aka fitar na gaba kuma yana ƙara ƙarin iskar oxygen. Tun da ba za a iya sarrafa wannan amsa daidai ba, an ƙera na'urar don samar da iskar oxygen fiye da yadda ake buƙata don metabolism. Wannan wuce haddi na iskar oxygen ana fitar da shi a cikin iskar da ke kewaye ta hanyar bawul ɗin fitarwa.
Babban amfani da wannan ƙirar kayan aiki mai sauƙi shine ƙananan farashi na farko. Duk da haka, akwai wasu rashin amfani. Farawa sinadarai a ƙananan zafin jiki yana da wahala kuma wani lokacin ba zai yiwu ba. Farashin naúrar sinadarai na harsashi yana da yawa. Abin da ya kara dagula wannan matsalar shi ne, da zarar wani sinadarin ya fara, ba za a iya katse shi ba. Ba tare da la'akari da buƙata ba, dole ne a yi amfani da duk cajin sinadari ko a jefar da shi.
A cikin tsarin rufaffiyar ƙananan zafin jiki, ana amfani da oxygen ruwa. A cikin wannan tsari mai sarkakkiya, ana cire carbon dioxide da aka fitar ta hanyar daskarewa, sannan kuma radiyon da ba shi da zafi yana samar da ruwa mai iskar oxygen, wasu daga cikinsu suna shiga jakar numfashi. Wannan tsari mai sarkakiya da tsada bai taba samun nasarar kasuwanci ba. Duk da haka, an yi amfani da ajiyar gas na cryogenic a cikin tsarin budewa.
Nau'i na uku na rufaffiyar tsarin kewayawa shine ƙirar iskar oxygen da aka matsa. A cikin irin wannan nau'in sake numfashi, iskar oxygen da aka adana a cikin silinda ta wuce ta wurin mai rage matsa lamba a cikin jakar numfashi, daga abin da ake buƙatar adadin iskar oxygen.
Gas ɗin da aka fitar yana wucewa ta cikin abin sha na carbon dioxide. Anan, an cire carbon dioxide a cikin numfashin mai amfani, kuma iskar oxygen da ba a yi amfani da ita ba tana gudana cikin jakar numfashi. Ana ƙara sabbin iskar oxygen, kuma ana isar da iskar iskar numfashi da aka sabunta ga mai amfani kuma tana ci gaba da yaduwa. Sauƙaƙan, ƙarfi, da ƙarancin farashi na sake amfani da irin waɗannan na'urori sun sanya matsa lamban iskar oxygen shaharar shekaru masu yawa.
A shekara ta 1853, Farfesa Schwann ya ƙera na'urar numfashi na iskar oxygen don gasar da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Belgian ta gudanar. Schwann da alama shine na farko da ya fahimci yuwuwar sake kunnawa da ake amfani da shi a cikin ma'adanai da sassan wuta. A farkon karni, Bernhard Draeger na Lübeck, Jamus ya ƙera kuma ya kera na'urar sake numfashi. A cikin 1907, Boston da Montana Smelting and Refining Company sun sayi Draeger rebreathers guda biyar, waɗanda sune na'urorin farko da aka yi amfani da su a ƙasar. An yi amfani da rebreathers sosai a cikin ayyukan wuta fiye da shekaru 25.
A cikin shekaru 70 da suka gabata, an sami gyare-gyare da yawa ga masu sake dawowa. Ta hanyar tsauraran ƙa'idodi da sarrafawa na NIOSH da MESA, na'urorin yau sun fi dogaro fiye da kowane lokaci.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-03-2021
