Njira yosankha mavavu! Zosonkhanitsa! Mtundu wa ma valve ndi mtundu wa kusankha mtundu wa ma drive

Njira yosankha mavavu! Zosonkhanitsa! Mtundu wa ma valve ndi mtundu wa kusankha mtundu wa ma drive

M'mapaipi amadzimadzi, ma valve ndi zinthu zowongolera zomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupatula zida ndi mapaipi, kuwongolera kutuluka, kuteteza kubweza, kuwongolera ndi kutulutsa kuthamanga. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulamulira otaya mpweya, madzi, nthunzi, mitundu yonse ya zowononga TV, matope, mafuta, madzi zitsulo ndi wailesi radioactive. Chifukwa njira yopangira mapaipi kusankha valavu yoyenera kwambiri ndiyofunikira kwambiri, kotero, kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a valavu ndi kusankha masitepe a valve ndi maziko kumakhalanso kofunikira.
M'mapaipi amadzimadzi, ma valve ndi zinthu zowongolera zomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupatula zida ndi mapaipi, kuwongolera kutuluka, kuteteza kubweza, kuwongolera ndi kutulutsa kuthamanga. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulamulira otaya mpweya, madzi, nthunzi, mitundu yonse ya zowononga TV, matope, mafuta, madzi zitsulo ndi wailesi radioactive. Chifukwa njira yopangira mapaipi kusankha valavu yoyenera kwambiri ndiyofunikira kwambiri, kotero, kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a valavu ndi kusankha masitepe a valve ndi maziko kumakhalanso kofunikira.
Gulu lamavavu
Choyamba, valavu ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
Class automatic valve: zimatengera sing'anga (zamadzimadzi, gasi) mphamvu yake yogwiritsira ntchito valavu.
Monga valavu yoyendera, valavu yotetezera, valavu yoyendetsera, msampha, valve yochepetsera kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa valve yoyendetsa galimoto: mothandizidwa ndi buku, magetsi, hydraulic, pneumatic kulamulira zochita za valve.
Monga valavu pachipata, valavu globe, valavu throttle, valavu butterfly, valavu mpira, valavu pulagi ndi zina zotero.
Awiri, malingana ndi makhalidwe structural, malinga ndi malangizo a mbali yotseka wachibale ndi valavu mpando kayendedwe akhoza kugawidwa:
1. Chitseko choyimitsa mawonekedwe: gawo lotsekera limayenda pakati pa mpando;
2. Mawonekedwe a chipata: chidutswa chotseka chimayenda pakatikati pa mpando;
3. Tambala ndi mpira: chidutswa chotseka ndi plunger kapena mpira, wozungulira mzere wake wapakati;
4. Mawonekedwe a swing: gawo lotsekera limazungulira kuzungulira tsinde kunja kwa mpando;
5. Chimbale: chimbale cha gawo lotseka chimazungulira kuzungulira tsinde pampando;
6. Mawonekedwe a valve yotsegula: chidutswa chotseka chimayenda molunjika ku njira.
Atatu, malinga ndi ntchito, malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za valavu akhoza kugawidwa:
1. Kuthyoka: kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza kapena kudula zoulutsira mapaipi, monga valavu yapadziko lonse, valavu yachipata, valavu ya mpira, valavu ya butterfly, ndi zina zotero.
2. Yang'anani: amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kubweza kwa media, monga valavu yoyendera.
Kusintha kwa 3 ndi: kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kupanikizika ndi kutuluka kwa sing'anga, monga valavu yoyendetsera, valve kuchepetsa kuthamanga.
4. Kugawa: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
5. Valve yachitetezo: pamene kupanikizika kwapakatikati kumadutsa mtengo wotchulidwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa sing'anga yowonjezereka kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha makina a mapaipi ndi zipangizo, monga valavu yachitetezo ndi valavu ya ngozi.
6. Ntchito zina zapadera: monga msampha, valavu yotulutsa mpweya, valve yothira, etc.
Zinayi, molingana ndi njira yoyendetsera, malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera galimoto zitha kugawidwa:
1. Buku: mothandizidwa ndi gudumu lamanja, chogwirira, lever kapena sprocket, pali galimoto yaumunthu, torque yotumizira imakhala ndi zida za nyongolotsi, zida ndi zida zina zochepetsera.
2. Zamagetsi: zoyendetsedwa ndi mota kapena zida zina zamagetsi.
3. Hydraulic: yoyendetsedwa ndi (madzi, mafuta).
4. Pneumatic: yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa.
Zisanu, molingana ndi kukakamizidwa, malingana ndi kuthamanga kwadzina kwa valve kungagawidwe:
1. Vacuum valve: *** kuthamanga kwa 0.1Mpa, komwe ndi 760mm mercury high valve, kawirikawiri ndi mamilimita a mercury kapena mamilimita a madzi kuimira kupanikizika.
2. Vavu yotsika: kuthamanga mwadzina PN≤1.6Mpa valavu (kuphatikiza PN≤1.6MPa valavu yachitsulo)
3. Vavu yapakati yapakati: kuthamanga kwadzina PN2.5-6.4mpa valve.
4 valavu yapamwamba: kuthamanga mwadzina PN10.0-80.0MPa valavu.
5. Vavu yothamanga kwambiri: kuthamanga kwadzina PN≥100.0MPa valve.
Zisanu ndi chimodzi, malinga ndi kutentha kwa sing'anga, malinga ndi valavu yogwira ntchito sing'anga kutentha akhoza kugawidwa:
1. Vavu wamba: yoyenera kutentha kwapakati -40 ℃ ~ 425 ℃ valavu.
2. Vavu yotentha kwambiri: yoyenera kutentha kwapakati kwa 425 ℃ ~ 600 ℃ valavu.
3. Vavu yosamva kutentha: yoyenera kutentha kwapakati pa 600 ℃ kapena pamwamba pa valve.
4. Vavu yotsika kutentha: yoyenera kutentha kwapakati -150 ℃ ~ -40 ℃ valavu.
5.* * valavu kutentha: oyenera kutentha sing'anga pansipa -150 ℃ valavu.
Zisanu ndi ziwiri, malinga ndi m'mimba mwake mwadzina, malinga ndi m'mimba mwake mwadzina la valavu akhoza kugawidwa:
1. Vavu yaing'ono yaing'ono: valavu ya DN40mm.
2. Vavu yapakati pakatikati: valavu ya DN50 ~ 300mm.
3. Vavu yaikulu m'mimba mwake: mwadzina m'mimba mwake DN350 ~ 1200mm valavu.
4. Vavu ya m'mimba mwake yowonjezereka: valavu ya DN≥1400mm.
Eyiti, malinga ndi kugwirizana akafuna ndi payipi, malinga valavu ndi payipi kugwirizana mode akhoza kugawidwa:
1. Valve ya flanged: thupi la valve lili ndi flange, ndipo chitolirocho chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi valavu ya flange.
2. Valavu yopangidwa ndi ulusi: thupi la valve ndi ulusi wamkati kapena wakunja, ndi chitoliro chokhala ndi valavu yolumikizira ulusi.
3. Weld valavu: thupi valavu okonzeka ndi kuwotcherera pakamwa, ndi valavu ndi welded ku chitoliro.
4 valavu yolumikizira: thupi la valavu lomwe lili ndi chotchinga, ndipo chitolirocho chimalumikizidwa ndi valavu yochepetsera.
5. Valavu yolumikizira manja: valavu imalumikizidwa ndi chitoliro ndi manja.
Makhalidwe a mavavu
Makhalidwe a valve nthawi zambiri amakhala amitundu iwiri, mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Makhalidwe ogwiritsira ntchito: amatsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya valve ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito ma valve ndi: gulu la valve (valavu yotsekedwa, valve yoyendetsa, valavu yotetezera, etc.); Mtundu wa mankhwala (valavu yachipata, valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi, valavu yagulugufe, valavu ya mpira, etc.); Zigawo zazikulu za valve (thupi la valve, chivundikiro, tsinde, disc, kusindikiza pamwamba) zakuthupi; Vavu kufala mode, etc.
Makhalidwe apangidwe: amatsimikizira kuyika kwa valve, kukonza, kukonza ndi njira zina za machitidwe ena apangidwe, zomwe zimapangidwira ndi: kutalika kwa valavu ndi kutalika konse, ndi mawonekedwe a kugwirizana kwa chitoliro (kugwirizana kwa flange, ulusi. kugwirizana, kugwirizana hoop, kugwirizana ulusi kunja, kuwotcherera mapeto kugwirizana, etc.); Mawonekedwe osindikizira pamwamba (ikani mphete, mphete ya ulusi, pamwamba, kuwotcherera kutsitsi, thupi); Maonekedwe a tsinde la valve (ndodo yozungulira, ndodo yonyamulira), etc.
Njira zopangira ma valve ndi maziko
Zosankha:
1, valavu yomveka pazida kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo, dziwani momwe ma valve amagwirira ntchito: sing'anga yoyenera, kuthamanga kwa ntchito, kutentha kwa ntchito ndi zina zotero.
2, kudziwa m'mimba mwake mwadzina ndi njira yolumikizira chitoliro kulumikiza valavu: flange, ulusi, kuwotcherera, etc.
3, dziwani njira yogwiritsira ntchito valve: manual, magetsi, electromagnetic, pneumatic kapena hydraulic, magetsi ogwirizanitsa kapena electro-hydraulic linkage.
4, malinga ndi sing'anga kufala mapaipi, kuthamanga ntchito, kutentha ntchito kudziwa anasankha valavu chipolopolo ndi mbali zamkati za zinthu: imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo, malleable kuponyedwa chitsulo, ductile chitsulo, mpweya zitsulo, aloyi zitsulo, zosapanga dzimbiri asidi zosagwira zitsulo, copper alloy, etc.
5, sankhani mtundu wa valavu: valavu yotsekedwa yozungulira, valve yoyendetsa, valavu yotetezera, ndi zina zotero.
6, kudziwa mtundu wa valavu: valavu pachipata, valavu globe, valavu mpira, valavu butterfly, valavu throttle, valavu chitetezo, valavu kuchepetsa kuthamanga, msampha nthunzi, etc.
7, kudziwa magawo a valavu: kwa mavavu basi, malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana kudziwa otaya kukana, kutulutsa mphamvu, kuthamanga kumbuyo, etc., ndiyeno kudziwa awiri mwadzina wa payipi ndi awiri a dzenje mpando valavu. .
8, dziwani magawo osankhidwa a geometric a valavu: kutalika kwa mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe a kugwirizana kwa flange ndi kukula, tsegulani ndi kutseka kutalika kwa valavu ya kukula, kugwirizana kwa dzenje la bolt ndi nambala, kukula kwa mawonekedwe onse a valve.
9, kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zomwe zilipo: kalozera wazinthu zama valve, zitsanzo zama valve ndi zinthu zina zoyenera.
Kusankha maziko a valve:
Pakumvetsetsa kwa kusankha masitepe a valve, komanso ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino maziko a kusankha ma valve.
1, kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yosankhidwa, mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe owongolera.
2, chikhalidwe cha sing'anga ntchito: kuthamanga ntchito, kutentha ntchito, dzimbiri ntchito, kaya lili particles olimba, kaya sing'anga ndi poizoni, kaya ndi yoyaka, sing'anga kuphulika, kukhuthala kwapakatikati ndi zina zotero.
3, mawonekedwe amadzimadzi a valve omwe amafunikira: kukana kuthamanga, kutulutsa mphamvu, mawonekedwe otaya, kalasi yosindikiza ndi zina zotero.
4, unsembe kukula ndi zofunika kunja kukula: awiri mwadzina, kugwirizana ndi chitoliro ndi kukula kugwirizana, kukula kunja kapena malire kulemera.
5. Zofunikira zowonjezera pa kudalirika, moyo wautumiki ndi kuphulika-kuphulika kwa mankhwala a valve.
Posankha ma parameter, dziwani kuti:
Ngati VALVE IKUGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZOYENERA KUKHALA, ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA: njira yogwiritsira ntchito, pazipita NDI zofunikira zochepa zothamanga, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kayendedwe kabwino, kutsika kwapakati pa kutseka, pazipita NDI zochepa zolowera mkati mwa valve.
Malingana ndi kusankhidwa kwapamwamba kwa ma valve ndi masitepe, kusankha koyenera komanso kolondola kwa valve kuyeneranso kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe kake ka mkati mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve, kuti athe kusankha mwapadera valavu kuti apange chisankho choyenera.
Ulamuliro waukulu wa payipi ndi valavu. Kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve kumayang'anira kutuluka kwa media mu payipi, mawonekedwe a valve otaya njira amathandiza valavu kukhala ndi makhalidwe ena otaya, omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa posankha valavu yoyenera kuyika mu dongosolo la payipi.
Sankhani valavu ayenera kutsatira mfundo
1, odulidwa ndi otseguka sing'anga ndi valavu
Njira yodutsa ndi valve yowongoka, kukana kwamadzi kumakhala kochepa, kawirikawiri kumasankhidwa ngati odulidwa ndi otseguka ndi valve. Valavu yotsekera pansi (valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi, valavu ya plunger) chifukwa cha njira yake yoyenda movutikira, kukana koyenda ndikwapamwamba kuposa ma valve ena, osasankhidwa pang'ono. Ma valve otsekedwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene kukana kwakukulu kumaloledwa.
2, kuwongolera kuyenda kwa mavavu
Valavu yomwe imakhala yosavuta kusintha nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kuti ilamulire kuyenda. Ma valve otsekera pansi (monga ma valve a GLOBE) NDI WOYENERA KUCHIFUKWA CHIFUKWA CHIFUKWA MPAndo waukulu ndi wofanana ndi STROKE YA SHUTOFF. MAVAVU A Rotary (PLUG, butterfly, BALL valves) ndi FLEXURE BODY VALVES (PINCH, DIAPHRAGM) ALIPONSO KUTI THROTTLING CONTROL, koma KAWIRIKAWIRI PAMENE WOKHALA WA VAVU DIAMETERS. Chipata VALVE NDI chipata chopangidwa ndi chimbale chopita ku doko la mpando wozungulira kuti muyende modutsa, pokhapokha pafupi ndi malo otsekedwa, amatha kuyendetsa bwino kutuluka, kotero nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa kayendedwe.
3. Vavu yosinthira ndikupatutsa
Vavu ikhoza kukhala ndi njira zitatu kapena kuposerapo, kutengera kufunikira kosinthira ndikupatutsa. Mavavu a pulagi ndi mpira ndi oyenera kwambiri pazifukwa izi, chifukwa chake, mavavu ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza ndi kupatutsa amasankhidwa ngati amodzi mwa ma valve awa. Komabe, MWINA, MITUNDU ENA YA MAVAVU ANGAGWIRITSIDWENSO MONGA NTCHITO ZONSE ZOPHUNZITSA, NGATI MAVAVU AWIRI KAPENA AMBIRI AMALUMIKIZANA bwino.
4. Mavavu kwa sing'anga ndi inaimitsidwa particles
Pamene sing'anga ndi inaimitsidwa particles, ** oyenera ntchito kutseka mbali pamodzi kusindikiza pamwamba valavu kutsetsereka ndi kupukuta kanthu. Ngati KUSIMIDWA KULI WOYIRIRA KUMUSYO NDI KUPITA KWA MPANDO, ZINTHU ZINTHU ZITHA KUKOLEDWA, CHOTI VALVU IYI NDI YOBWERA KWA MEDIA ZOYENEKEDWA KOPANDA CHIZINDIKIRO CHODINDIKIRA CHOLOLERA KUTI TITHU ZIZIGWIRITSA NTCHITO. Mavavu a mpira ndi mavavu a pulagi amapukuta kusindikiza pamwamba pakutsegula ndi kutseka, kotero ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazofalitsa ndi particles zoimitsidwa.