Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wakubona ezitsheni zokupheka zasekhishini noma emapayipini amanzi amadala: amanzi aqinile, anothile ngamaminerali azoshiya ama-scaly deposits ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Akwenzeki kuphela emapayipini nasezintweni zokupheka ekhaya, kodwa nasemapayipini nama-valve athutha uwoyela negesi yemvelo, namapayipi athutha amanzi okupholisa ezitshalweni zikagesi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isikali singadala ukungasebenzi kahle, isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezinkinga zokunakekela. Embonini kawoyela negesi, isikali kwesinye isikhathi siholela ekuvaleni okuphelele kwemithombo esebenzayo, okungenani okwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, ukuxazulula le nkinga kungase kulethe imivuzo emikhulu. Manje, ithimba labacwaningi be-MIT seliqhamuke nesixazululo esingaba khona kule nkinga enkulu kodwa eyaziwa kancane. Bathole ukuthi ukwelapha okusha kwendawo—okuhlanganisa ne-nano-texturing yendawo bese kufakwa uketshezi oluthambisayo—kunganciphisa izinga lokwakheka kwesikali okungenani izikhathi eziyishumi. Kuleli sonto, imiphumela yocwaningo ishicilelwe kuJournal of Advanced Materials Interface. Leli phepha labhalwa ngumfundi oneziqu u-Srinivas Subramanyam, uzakwabo owayengumfundi we-postdoctoral u-Gisele Azimi, kanye no-Kripa Varanasi, uprofesa ohlangene wokusetshenziswa kwasolwandle eMnyangweni Wezobunjiniyela Bemishini e-MIT. "Ungabona [isikali] cishe noma kuphi," kusho uVaranasi. Ekhaya, lezi zimali ezifakwayo ngokuvamile ziyacasula, kodwa ezimbonini, zingaholela “ekuncishisweni kokukhiqiza, futhi indlela yokuwakhipha ingase ibe yingozi emvelweni”, ngokuvamile ehilela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anokhahlo. Ezitshalweni zamandla kanye nezitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini, isikali singabangela ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kokusebenza kahle ngoba sisebenza njengesithiyo esishisayo futhi sithinta ukupholisa noma ukuminyanisa kusishintshi sokushisa. Inkinga iphakama ngoba amanzi ngokuvamile aqukethe usawoti omningi namaminerali ancibilikisiwe. Ikhono lamanzi lokuncibilikisa lezi zinto lincike ekuncibilikeni, ngakho-ke uma amanzi epholisa noma ehwamuka, isixazululo singase sigcwale kakhulu: siqukethe izinto ezincibilikisiwe eziningi kunalokho engazibamba, ngakho-ke ezinye izinto ziqala ukuphuma. Lapho umoya ofudumele noswakeme uphola ngokuzumayo lapho uhlangana nendawo ebandayo, lokho kungabangela inkungu engilazini ebandayo, okuyisimiso esifanayo. Ezimweni eziningi, onjiniyela baxazulula le nkinga ngokuklama ngokweqile uhlelo, u-Varanasi uthe: Sebenzisa ipayipi elikhulu kakhulu kunalokho okudingekayo, isibonelo, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuhlambalaza kubangele ukuvinjelwa okuyingxenye, noma indawo enkulu, kulokhu Ukushisa Ukushisa. ngaphansi. U-Subramanyam uveza ukuthi le nkinga ayisiyintsha: “Izitsha zokupheka zasendulo zinalolu hlobo lokunqwabelana,” esho. “Asikabi naso isixazululo esihle.” Nakuba kusazofakazelwa esikalini sezimboni, indlela entsha eyakhiwe ithimba le-MIT ingase ibe nomthelela omkhulu esivinini sokwakheka kwezikali, futhi ezimweni eziningi ingase ikuvimbele ngokuphelele. Indlela yabo izwakala ilula: i-nanotexturing ngokuphumelelayo futhi igcwalisa ukuthungwa okuwumphumela nge-lubricant. Ukuthungwa ngokuyinhloko kuncike kubukhulu bamaqhubu kanye nama-grooves akhiqizwayo; ukuma okuqondile akubonakali kunendaba. Ngakho-ke, amasu anhlobonhlobo angasetshenziswa ukudala lokhu kuthungwa-okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa i-textured coating endaweni noma ukuyinamathisela ngamakhemikhali endaweni. Abacwaningi baphinde bachaza inqubo yokukhetha i-lubricant efanelekile engakhulisi nje kuphela umgoqo wamandla owenziwe ngesilinganiso, kodwa futhi isakazeka ezintweni eziqinile eziqoshiwe, okwenza ubuso "bushelelezi" futhi bunciphise i-nucleation engasetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwesikali. Isayithi. Imizamo yangaphambilini yokuvimbela noma yokunciphisa ukwakheka kwesikali ngokuvamile ihilela ukungeza i-coating (efana ne-Teflon) phezulu ukuze kuvinjelwe amaminerali ekubopheni kuyo. U-Varanasi wachaza ukuthi inkinga ngale ndlela ukuthi lezi zingubo zokumboza ziyaguga, njengoba nje izimbobo ezisemapanini okuthosa ezingagxili zivame ukuwohloka uma zisetshenziswa. Uthe noma ngabe kunembobo encane ku-coating, inikeza indawo yokuthi isikali siqale ukwakheka. Ukusebenzisa indlela entsha, uma i-nano-texture yakhiwe phezulu, amafutha noma enye i-lubricating fluid isetshenziswa phezulu. U-Varanasi uthe imigodi emincane ye-nano-scale ibamba lolu ketshezi futhi ilubambe luqine ngokusebenza kwe-capillary. Ngokungafani nezingubo eziqinile ezingezona izinti, uketshezi lungageleza ukuze lugcwalise noma yiziphi izikhala, lusakazeke endaweni engaphezulu, futhi uma olunye lugezwa, lungagcwaliswa ngokuqhubekayo. "Ngisho noma kunomonakalo wemishini, okokugcoba kungabuyela kuleyo ndawo," kusho u-Subramanyam. “Ingakwazi ukugcina ubushelelezi bayo isikhathi eside.” Ngenxa yokuthi lolu ungqimba olugcotshwayo luncane kakhulu—luwugqinsi lwama-nanometer angamakhulu ambalwa kuphela—ludinga inani elincane nje lokuthambisa ukuze livikele indawo engaphezulu amashumi eminyaka. UVaranasi uthe indawo yokugcina amanzi eyakhiwe engxenyeni yepayipi inganikeza ukugcoba impilo yonke yemishini. Endabeni yamapayipi kawoyela, "i-lubricant isivele ikhona", amafutha athathwe ukuthungwa kwendawo angavikela ingaphezulu lepayipi. UJurgen Rühe, inhloko yeLabhorethri ye-Interface Chemistry and Physics eNyuvesi yaseFreiburg, akazange ahileleke kulolu cwaningo, ethi lumelela “okutholakele okubaluleke kakhulu nentuthuko ebalulekile yesayensi.” Ubize indlela yethimba yokunciphisa ukwakheka kwesikali “entsha futhi enobuhlakani” futhi wathi “ingaba nomthelela ongaba khona kuzo zonke izindawo lapho amanzi ashiswa khona futhi kukhiqizwa isitimu.” Abacwaningi bathi ngemva kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwelabhorethri ukuze kutholakale okungcono kakhulu kwesicelo esithile Ngemva kwezindlela zokuthambisa nezindlela zokuthumela imiyalezo, uhlelo lungalungela ukusetshenziswa kwezohwebo eminyakeni emithathu nje kuphela. Lo msebenzi usekelwe yi-MIT Energy Initiative.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-08-2021
