Iwe unogona kunge wakazviona mukicheni yekubikira kana mapaipi emvura ekare: yakaoma, ine mineral-rich mvura inosiya scaly deposits nekufamba kwenguva. Izvo hazviitike chete mumapombi nemidziyo yekubikira kumba, asiwo mumapombi nemavharuvhu anotakura mafuta uye gasi rechisikigo, uye mapaipi anotakura mvura inotonhorera mumagetsi emagetsi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti chiyero chinogona kukonzera kusashanda, kuderera uye kugadzirisa matambudziko. Muindasitiri yeoiri negasi, chiyero dzimwe nguva chinotungamira kuvharwa kuzere kwematsime anoshanda, ingangoita kwenguva pfupi. Naizvozvo, kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kunogona kuunza mibayiro mikuru. Ikozvino, boka revatsvagiri veMIT vauya nemhinduro inogona kunetsa iyi hombe asi isingazivikanwe. Vakaona kuti mushonga mutsva wepamusoro-kusanganisira nano-texturing yepasi uyezve kushandisa lubricating fluid-inogona kuderedza chiyero chekuumbwa kwechiyero kanenge kagumi. Vhiki rino, mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa yakaburitswa muJournal yeAdvanced Materials Interface. Iri bepa rakanyorwa nemudzidzi akapedza kudzidza Srinivas Subramanyam, postdoctoral shamwari Gisele Azimi, uye Kripa Varanasi, anobatana purofesa wekushandiswa kwemugungwa muDhipatimendi reMechanical Engineering kuMIT. "Unogona kuona [kuyera] chero kupi zvako," Varanasi akadaro. Mumba, madhipoziti aya anonyanya kutsamwisa, asi muindasitiri, anogona kutungamira ku "kuderedza kugadzirwa, uye nzira yekubvisa [iyo] inogona kukuvadza nharaunda", kazhinji inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemakemikari ane hutsinye. Muzvidyarwa zvemagetsi uye zvidyarwa zvekubvisa salination, chiyero chinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwakakosha nekuti chinoita sechivharo chekupisa uye chinokanganisa kutonhora kana kudzoreredza mukutsinhanisa kupisa. Dambudziko rinomuka nekuti mvura kazhinji ine munyu wakawanda wakanyungudika nemamineral. Kugona kwemvura kunyungudutsa zvinhu izvi kunoenderana nekunyungudika, saka kana mvura ikatonhora kana kuputika, mhinduro inogona kuve yakawandisa: ine zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa kupfuura zvainokwanisa kubata, saka zvimwe zvinhu zvinotanga kubuda. Kana mweya unodziya uye wakanyorova ukangoerekana watonhora kana wasangana nenzvimbo inotonhora, zvinokonzeresa mhute pagirazi rinotonhora, inova musimboti mumwe chete. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mainjiniya anogadzirisa dambudziko iri nekupfuura-kugadzira sisitimu, Varanasi akati: Shandisa pombi yakakura kupfuura inodiwa, semuenzaniso, zvinotarisirwa kuti kusvibisa kunokonzera kuvharika kwechikamu, kana nzvimbo yakakura yepasi, mune iyi Heat exchanger. under. Subramanyam inotaura kuti dambudziko iri harisi idzva: "Midziyo yekare yekubikira ine rudzi urwu rwekuunganidza," akadaro. "Hatisati tave nemhinduro yakanaka." Kunyangwe ichigere kuratidzwa pachiyero cheindasitiri, nzira nyowani yakagadziridzwa neMIT timu inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pakumhanya kwekuumbwa kwechiyero, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda inogona kuidzivirira zvachose. Nzira yavo inonzwika iri nyore: zvinobudirira nanotexturing pamusoro uye kuzadza mhedzisiro inogadzirwa nemafuta. Mamiriro acho anonyanya kuenderana nehukuru hwemapundu uye grooves inogadzirwa; chimiro chaicho hachiite sechine basa. Naizvozvo, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kushandiswa kugadzira ichi chimiro-kusanganisira kushandisa iyo yakashongedzwa coating pamusoro kana kemikari kuisunga panzvimbo. Vatsvakurudzi vakatsanangurawo maitiro ekusarudza lubricant yakakodzera iyo isingangowedzere simba rekudzivirira rinoumbwa nechiyero, asi rinopararira kune zvinyorwa zvakasvibirira, zvichiita kuti pasi "ripfave" uye kuderedza nucleation inogona kushandiswa pakuita zviyero. Site. Kuedza kwekare kudzivirira kana kuderedza kuumbwa kwechiyero kazhinji kunosanganisira kuwedzera coating (seTeflon) kumusoro kudzivirira zvicherwa kubva pakusungirira kwairi. Varanasi akatsanangura kuti dambudziko reiyi nzira nderekuti machira aya anopera, sezvinongoita machira ari pamapani asina tsvimbo anowanzo kushatisa nekushandiswa. Akataura kuti kunyangwe paine kaburi kadiki mukati mejasi, inopa nzvimbo yekuti chikero chitange kuumbwa. Kushandisa nzira itsva, kana nano-texture yakaumbwa pamusoro, mafuta kana mamwe mafuta ekuzora anoshandiswa pamusoro. Varanasi akataura kuti madiki nano-scale grooves anotora iyi mvura uye inoibata yakasimba munzvimbo kuburikidza necapillary chiito. Kusiyana neakasimba asina-tsvimbo machira, mvura inogona kuyerera ichizadza chero mapundu, yakapararira pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwepamusoro, uye kana imwe ikagezwa, inogona kuramba ichizadzikiswa. "Kunyangwe paine kukuvara kwemuchina, mafuta anogona kudzoka kumusoro," Subramanyam akadaro. "Inogona kuchengetedza kutsetseka kwayo kwenguva yakareba." Nemhaka yokuti chitubu ichi chekuzora chakatetepa zvikuru—chingori mazana mashoma emananomita ukobvu—chinongoda chitsama chiduku chemafuta kudzivirira pamusoro pemakumi emakore. Varanasi vakati dziva rakavakwa muchikamu chepombi rinogona kupa lubrication hupenyu hwese hwemidziyo. Panyaya yemapombi emafuta, "lubricant yatovepo", mafuta anotorwa nepamusoro pemavara anogona kuchengetedza pamusoro pepombi. Jurgen Rühe, mukuru weLabhoritari yeInterface Chemistry uye Fizikisi paYunivhesiti yeFreiburg, haana kubatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi, achiti inomiririra "zvinokosha zvakawanikwa uye kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwesainzi." Akadaidza nzira yechikwata yekudzikisa kuumbwa "nyowani uye yekugadzira" uye akati "inogona kuve nemhedzisiro inogona kuitika munzvimbo dzese dzinopisa mvura uye inogadzirwa chipfunga." Vatsvagiri vakati mushure mekuwedzera kuyedzwa kwerabhoritari kuti vaone zvakanakira imwe application Mushure memafuta ekuzora uye mameseji nzira, sisitimu inogona kunge yakagadzirira kushandiswa kwekutengesa mumakore matatu chete. Iri basa raitsigirwa neMIT Energy Initiative.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-08-2021
