Usenokuba uyibonile kwi-cookware yasekhitshini okanye kwimibhobho yamanzi emidala: amanzi aqinileyo, aneminerali azakushiya i-scaly deposits ekuhambeni kwexesha. Akwenzeki kuphela kwimibhobho kunye nezixhobo zokupheka ekhaya, kodwa nakwimibhobho kunye neevalvu ezihambisa ioli kunye negesi yendalo, kunye nemibhobho ehambisa amanzi okupholisa kwizityalo zamandla. Kuyaziwa ukuba isikali sinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ixesha lokunciphisa kunye neengxaki zokulondoloza. Kwishishini leoli kunye negesi, isikali ngamanye amaxesha sikhokelela ekuvalweni ngokupheleleyo kwamaqula asebenzayo, ubuncinci okwethutyana. Ngoko ke, ukusombulula le ngxaki kunokuzisa umvuzo omkhulu. Ngoku, iqela labaphandi be-MIT beza nesisombululo esinokubakho kule ngxaki inkulu kodwa ingaziwa kangako. Baye bafumanisa ukuba unyango olutsha lwe-surface-kuquka i-nano-texturing yomhlaba kwaye emva koko isebenzise i-lubricating fluid-inokunciphisa izinga lokubunjwa kwesikali ubuncinane ngamaxesha alishumi. Kule veki, iziphumo zophando zipapashwe kwi-Journal ye-Advanced Materials Interface. Eli phepha labhalwa ngumfundi ophumelele isidanga uSrinivas Subramanyam, ugxa wakhe wangemva kukagqirha uGisele Azimi, kunye noKripa Varanasi, unjingalwazi onxulumene nokusetyenziswa kolwandle kwiSebe lobuNjineli boMechanical eMIT. “Ungabona [isikali] phantse naphi na,” utshilo uVaranasi. Ekhaya, ezi zidiphozithi zidla ngokucaphukisa, kodwa kwishishini, zinokukhokelela "ekuncitshisweni kwemveliso, kwaye indlela yokuyisusa inokuba yingozi kwindalo", ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezibukhali. Kwizityalo zamandla kunye nezityalo zokukhupha ityuwa, isikali sinokubangela ilahleko ebalulekileyo ngenxa yokuba sisebenza njengesithintelo se-thermal kwaye sichaphazela ukupholisa okanye ukuxinwa kwi-heat exchanger. Ingxaki ibangelwa kukuba amanzi adla ngokuba neetyuwa ezininzi nezinyibilikisiweyo. Ukukwazi kwamanzi ukunyibilika kwezi zinto kuxhomekeke ekunyibilikeni, ngoko ke ukuba amanzi apholisa okanye aphuphuma, isisombululo sinokugqithiswa: siqulethe izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ezinokuthi zibambe, ngoko ke ezinye izinto ziqala ukuphuma. Xa umoya ofudumeleyo nofumileyo uphola ngesiquphe xa udibana nomhlaba obandayo, oko kuya kubangela inkungu kwiglasi ebandayo, engumgaqo ofanayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinjineli zixazulula le ngxaki ngokuyila ngaphezulu kwenkqubo, uVaranasi wathi: Sebenzisa umbhobho omkhulu kakhulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko, umzekelo, kulindeleke ukuba ukuhlambalaza kuya kubangela ukuvala inxalenye, okanye indawo enkulu, kule meko Umtshintshi wokushisa. phantsi. U-Subramanyam ubonisa ukuba le ngxaki ayintsha: "Izitya zokupheka zamandulo ziqokelela ngolu hlobo," watsho. “Asikabi naso isisombululo silungileyo okwangoku.” Nangona kusafuneka kubonakaliswe kwisikali semizi-mveliso, indlela entsha eyenziwe liqela le-MIT inokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwisantya sokubunjwa kwesikali, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi inokuthintela ngokupheleleyo. Indlela yabo izwakala ilula: ngokufanelekileyo i-nanotexturing umphezulu kunye nokuzalisa ukuthungwa okubangelwa yi-lubricant. Ukuthungwa ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bamaqhuma kunye neegrooves eziveliswayo; imilo echanekileyo ayibonakali ibalulekile. Ke ngoko, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule zingasetyenziswa ukwenza oku kuthungwa-kubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-textured coating kumphezulu okanye ukuyicoca ngokwekhemikhali endaweni. Abaphandi baphinde bachaza inkqubo yokukhetha i-lubricant efanelekileyo engonyusi kuphela umqobo wamandla owenziwe ngumlinganiselo, kodwa iphinde isasazeke kwizinto eziqinileyo ze-textured, okwenza umphezulu ube "bushelelezi" kunye nokunciphisa i-nucleation engasetyenziselwa ukwakheka kwesikali. Isiza. Iinzame zangaphambili zokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ukubunjwa kwesikali ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukongeza i-coating (efana neTeflon) kwindawo yokukhusela iiminerali ukuba zibophe kuyo. U-Varanasi wachaza ukuba ingxaki ngale ndlela kukuba ezi zambatho zigugile, njengokuba iingubo kwiipani zokuqhotsa ezingenazo zihlala zithotywa ngokusetyenziswa. Wathi nokuba kukho umngxuma omncinci kwi-coating, inika indawo yesikali ukuqala ukwenza. Ukusebenzisa indlela entsha, xa i-nano-texture yenziwe phezu komhlaba, ioli okanye enye i-lubricating fluid isetyenziswe phezulu. UVaranasi uthe i-nano-scale grooves encinci ibamba olu lwelo kwaye luyibambe ngokuqinileyo ngesenzo se-capillary. Ngokungafaniyo neengubo eziqinileyo ezingabambekiyo, ulwelo lunokuqukuqela ukuzalisa naziphi na izikhewu, lusasazeke kwi-texture yomhlaba, kwaye ukuba ezinye ziyahlanjwa, zinokuzaliswa ngokuqhubekayo. "Nokuba kukho umonakalo owenziwe ngoomatshini, i-lubricant inokubuyela kuloo ndawo," utshilo u-Subramanyam. "Inokugcina ukuguda kwayo ixesha elide." Ngenxa yokuba lo maleko wokuthambisa ubhityile kakhulu—ungamakhulu ambalwa kuphela eenanometer ubukhulu—ufuna isithambiso esincinane ukuze ukhusele umphezulu kangangamashumi eminyaka. UVaranasi uthe i-reservoir eyakhiwe kwicandelo lombhobho inokubonelela nge-lubrication kubo bonke ubomi bezixhobo. Kwimeko yemibhobho yeoli, "i-lubricant sele ikhona", ioli ebanjwe yi-texture surface inokukhusela umphezulu wepayipi. UJurgen Rühe, intloko yeLebhu ye-Interface Chemistry and Physics kwiYunivesithi yaseFreiburg, akazange abandakanyeke kolu hlolisiso, esithi lumele “izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifunyaniswe nenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi.” Ubize indlela yeqela yokunciphisa ukwakheka kwesikali "entsha kunye neyilayo" kwaye wathi "inokuba nefuthe elinokubakho kuzo zonke iindawo apho amanzi afudunyezwa kunye nomphunga wenziwa." Abaphandi bathi emva kovavanyo olongezelelweyo lwebhubhoratri ukufumanisa okulungileyo kwisicelo esithile Emva kweendlela zokuthambisa kunye nokubhaliweyo, inkqubo inokulungela ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo kwiminyaka emithathu nje. Lo msebenzi wawuxhaswa yiMIT Energy Initiative.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-08-2021
