Mwina munaziwonapo muzophika zophikira kukhitchini kapena mapaipi akale amadzi: madzi olimba, okhala ndi mchere amasiya ma deposits a scaly pakapita nthawi. Zimapezeka osati m'mapaipi ndi ziwiya zophikira kunyumba, komanso m'mapaipi ndi ma valve omwe amanyamula mafuta ndi gasi, ndi mapaipi omwe amanyamula madzi ozizira m'mafakitale amagetsi. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kukula kungayambitse kusagwira ntchito bwino, kutsika kwanthawi yayitali komanso zovuta kukonza. M'makampani amafuta ndi gasi, kukula nthawi zina kumabweretsa kutsekedwa kwathunthu kwa zitsime zogwirira ntchito, kwakanthawi. Choncho, kuthetsa vutoli kungabweretse madalitso aakulu. Tsopano, gulu la ofufuza a MIT labwera ndi njira yothetsera vuto lalikululi koma lodziwika pang'ono. Iwo anapeza kuti mankhwala atsopano pamwamba-kuphatikizapo nano-texturing pamwamba ndiyeno mafuta mafuta madzimadzi-angachepetse mlingo wa mapangidwe sikelo ndi zosachepera khumi. Sabata ino, zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zidasindikizidwa mu Journal of Advanced Materials Interface. Pepalalo linalembedwa ndi wophunzira womaliza maphunziro a Srinivas Subramanyam, mnzake wa postdoctoral Gisele Azimi, ndi Kripa Varanasi, pulofesa wothandizira panyanja mu dipatimenti ya Mechanical Engineering ku MIT. "Mutha kuwona [kukula] kulikonse," adatero Varanasi. M'nyumba, madipozitiwa nthawi zambiri amakhala okhumudwitsa, koma m'makampani, amatha kuyambitsa "kuchepetsa zokolola, ndipo njira yochotsera [iwo] ikhoza kukhala yovulaza chilengedwe", nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owopsa. M'mafakitale amagetsi ndi zomera zotulutsa mchere, sikelo imatha kuwononga kwambiri chifukwa imagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga chamafuta ndipo imakhudza kuziziritsa kapena kukhazikika mu chotenthetsera kutentha. Vuto limakhalapo chifukwa chakuti madzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mchere wambiri wosungunuka. Kuthekera kwa madzi kusungunula zinthu izi kumadalira kusungunuka, kotero ngati madziwo atazizira kapena kuphulika, yankho likhoza kukhala lochuluka kwambiri: limakhala ndi zinthu zosungunuka kuposa momwe zingathere, kotero kuti zinthu zina zimayamba kutuluka. Mpweya wofunda ndi wachinyezi ukazizira mwadzidzidzi ukakumana ndi malo ozizira kwambiri, umayambitsa chifunga pagalasi lozizira, lomwe ndi mfundo yomweyi. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri amathetsa vutoli mwa kupanga kwambiri dongosolo, Varanasi adati: Gwiritsani ntchito chitoliro chokulirapo kuposa chofunikira, mwachitsanzo, zimayembekezereka kuti kuyipitsa kumayambitsa kutsekeka pang'ono, kapena malo okulirapo, pankhaniyi Kutentha kwa kutentha. pansi. Subramanyam akunena kuti vutoli si lachilendo: "Ziwiya zakale zophikira zimakhala ndi mtundu woterewu," adatero. "Pakali pano tilibe yankho labwino." Ngakhale kuti sichinatsimikizidwebe pamafakitale, njira yatsopano yopangidwa ndi gulu la MIT ikhoza kukhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pa liwiro la mapangidwe a sikelo, ndipo nthawi zambiri ikhoza kuiletsa kwathunthu. Njira yawo imamveka yophweka: mogwira mtima nanotexturing pamwamba ndikudzaza mawonekedwe ake ndi mafuta. Kapangidwe kake makamaka zimadalira kukula kwa tokhala ndi grooves opangidwa; mawonekedwe ake enieni sakuwoneka kuti ndi ofunika. Choncho, njira zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga izi - kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira pamwamba kapena kuziyika m'malo mwake. Ofufuzawo anafotokozanso njira yosankha mafuta oyenera omwe samangowonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa ndi sikelo, komanso imafalikira ku zolimba zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pakhale "yosalala" komanso kuchepetsa nucleation yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga masikelo. Tsamba. Zoyeserera zam'mbuyomu zoletsa kapena kuchepetsa mapangidwe a sikelo nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera zokutira (monga Teflon) kumtunda kuti muteteze mchere kuti usamangidwe. Varanasi anafotokoza kuti vuto la njirayi ndilokuti zokutirazi zimatha, monga momwe zokutira pazitsulo zopanda ndodo zokazinga nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka ndi ntchito. Iye adanena kuti ngakhale pali kabowo kakang'ono mu zokutira, amapereka malo oti sikelo iyambe kupanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano, pamene nano-texture imapangidwa pamwamba, mafuta kapena mafuta ena odzola amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba. Varanasi adanena kuti timizere tating'onoting'ono ta nano-scale timagwira madziwa ndikuchigwira mwamphamvu kudzera mu capillary. Mosiyana ndi zokutira zolimba zopanda ndodo, madzi amatha kuyenda kuti atseke mipata iliyonse, kufalikira pamtunda, ndipo ngati ena atsukidwa, amatha kuwonjezeredwa mosalekeza. "Ngakhale zitawonongeka ndi makina, mafutawo amatha kubwereranso pamenepo," adatero Subramanyam. "Ikhoza kukhalabe yosalala kwa nthawi yayitali." Chifukwa chakuti mafuta opangira mafutawa ndi opyapyala kwambiri—ongokhuthala ndi ma nanometer mazana ochepa chabe—pamafunika mafuta ochepa kuti ateteze pamwamba kwa zaka zambiri. Varanasi adati malo osungira omwe adamangidwa m'chigawo cha mapaipi amatha kupereka mafuta nthawi yonse ya zida. Pankhani ya mapaipi amafuta, "mafuta alipo kale", mafuta omwe amatengedwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba amatha kuteteza pamwamba pa payipi. Jurgen Rühe, mkulu wa Laboratory of Interface Chemistry and Physics pa yunivesite ya Freiburg, sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu, ponena kuti akuimira “zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimene atulukira komanso kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi.” Iye adatcha njira ya gulu yochepetsera mapangidwe "zatsopano komanso zopanga" ndipo adati "zitha kukhala ndi vuto lililonse m'malo onse omwe madzi amatenthedwa komanso kutulutsa nthunzi." Ofufuzawo adanena kuti atayesanso ma labotale kuti adziwe zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito Pambuyo pa njira zopangira mafuta ndi zolemba, dongosololi likhoza kukhala lokonzekera ntchito zamalonda m'zaka zitatu zokha. Ntchitoyi idathandizidwa ndi MIT Energy Initiative.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-08-2021
