Ushobora kuba warabibonye mubikoresho byo mu gikoni cyangwa mu miyoboro ishaje y'amazi: amazi akomeye, akungahaye ku myunyu ngugu azasiga ububiko bwigihe kinini. Ntiboneka gusa mu miyoboro n'ibikoresho byo guteka murugo, ahubwo no mu miyoboro na valve bitwara amavuta na gaze gasanzwe, hamwe n'imiyoboro itwara amazi akonje mumashanyarazi. Birazwi neza ko igipimo gishobora gutera imikorere idahwitse, igihe cyo hasi no kubungabunga ibibazo. Mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, igipimo rimwe na rimwe kiganisha ku gufunga burundu amariba akora, byibuze byigihe gito. Kubwibyo, gukemura iki kibazo birashobora kuzana ibihembo byinshi. Noneho, itsinda ryabashakashatsi ba MIT ryazanye igisubizo gishobora gukemura iki kibazo kinini ariko kitazwi. Basanze uburyo bushya bwo kuvura-burimo nano-yerekana hejuru yubutaka hanyuma ugashyiraho amavuta yo kwisiga - bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wibipimo byibuze inshuro icumi. Kuri iki cyumweru, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byasohotse mu kinyamakuru cy’ibikoresho bigezweho. Uru rupapuro rwanditswe n’umunyeshuri urangije Srinivas Subramanyam, mugenzi we w’iposita Gisele Azimi, na Kripa Varanasi, umwarimu wungirije ushinzwe imikoreshereze y’inyanja mu ishami ry’ubuhanga bw’imashini muri MIT. Varanasi yagize ati: “Urashobora kubona [igipimo] hafi ya hose. Mu rugo, ibyo babitsa ahanini birababaje, ariko mu nganda, birashobora gutuma “igabanuka ry'umusaruro, kandi uburyo bwo kubikuraho bushobora kwangiza ibidukikije”, ubusanzwe bikubiyemo gukoresha imiti ikaze. Mu mashanyarazi n’inganda zangiza, igipimo gishobora gutera igihombo kinini kuko gikora nkinzitizi yumuriro kandi kigira ingaruka ku gukonjesha cyangwa guhunika mumashanyarazi. Ikibazo kivuka kuko ubusanzwe amazi arimo imyunyu myinshi yashonze hamwe namabuye y'agaciro. Ubushobozi bwamazi yo gushonga ibyo bintu biterwa no gukemuka, niba rero amazi akonje cyangwa agashiramo umwuka, igisubizo gishobora kuba cyuzuye: kirimo ibintu byashonga birenze ibyo bishobora gufata, bityo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigatangira kugwa. Iyo umwuka ushyushye nubushuhe ukonje bitunguranye iyo uhuye nubukonje bukabije, bizatera igihu ku kirahure gikonje, ariryo hame. Kenshi na kenshi, abajenjeri bakemura iki kibazo bashushanyije cyane sisitemu, Varanasi yagize ati: Koresha umuyoboro munini cyane kuruta uwukenewe, urugero, biteganijwe ko gukora nabi bizatera kuziba igice, cyangwa ubuso bunini, muriki gihe uhindura ubushyuhe. munsi. Subramanyam yerekana ko iki kibazo atari gishya: Ati: “Ibikoresho byo guteka bya kera bifite ubwo buryo bwo kwirundanya.” “Kugeza ubu nta gisubizo cyiza dufite.” Nubwo bitaremezwa ku ruganda, uburyo bushya bwateguwe nitsinda rya MIT bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku muvuduko wo gushinga ibipimo, kandi akenshi bishobora kuburizamo burundu. Uburyo bwabo bwumvikana bworoshye: neza nanote guhuza ubuso no kuzuza ibivuyemo amavuta. Imiterere ahanini iterwa nubunini bwibibyimba na groove byakozwe; imiterere nyayo isa nkaho ntacyo itwaye. Kubwibyo, tekiniki zitandukanye zirashobora gukoreshwa mugukora iyi miterere-harimo no gushiraho igipfundikizo cyanditse hejuru cyangwa imiti ikabishyira mu mwanya. Abashakashatsi basobanuye kandi uburyo bwo guhitamo amavuta abereye atongera gusa inzitizi y’ingufu zatewe nubunini, ahubwo ikwirakwira no mu miterere y’imiterere, bigatuma ubuso “bugenda neza” no kugabanya nucleation ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibipimo. Urubuga. Ibigeragezo byabanje kugerageza gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ibipimo bisanzwe bikubiyemo kongeramo igifuniko (nka Teflon) hejuru kugirango wirinde amabuye y'agaciro kuyahambira. Varanasi yasobanuye ko ikibazo kijyanye nubu buryo ari uko iyi myenda ishaje, nkuko ibifuniko ku bipfunyika bidafite inkoni akenshi bitesha agaciro gukoresha. Yavuze ko niyo haba hari umwobo muto mu gipfukisho, gitanga ahantu hagomba gutangirwa. Ukoresheje uburyo bushya, iyo nano-imyenda imaze kuboneka hejuru, amavuta cyangwa andi mavuta yo kwisiga ashyizwe hejuru. Varanasi yavuze ko uduce duto twa nano-nini twafashe aya mazi kandi tukayifata neza binyuze mubikorwa bya capillary. Bitandukanye n’imyenda idakomeye, isukari irashobora gutemba kugirango yuzuze icyuho icyo ari cyo cyose, ikwirakwira hejuru yimiterere, kandi niba bimwe byogejwe, birashobora kuzuzwa ubudahwema. Subramanyam yagize ati: "Nubwo haba hari ibyangiritse, amavuta ashobora gusubira kuri ubwo buso." Irashobora gukomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire. ” Kuberako iki gikoresho cyo gusiga ari gito cyane - uburebure bwa nanometero magana abiri gusa - bisaba amavuta make yo kurinda ubuso mumyaka mirongo. Varanasi yavuze ko ikigega cyubatswe mu gice cy'umuyoboro gishobora gutanga amavuta mu buzima bwose bw'ibikoresho. Ku bijyanye n’imiyoboro ya peteroli, "lubricant isanzwe ibaho", amavuta yafashwe nuburyo bwo hejuru arashobora kurinda ubuso bwumuyoboro. Jurgen Rühe, ukuriye Laboratoire ya Interineti Chimie na Physique muri kaminuza ya Freiburg, ntabwo yagize uruhare muri ubwo bushakashatsi, avuga ko bugereranya “ibintu byavumbuwe cyane ndetse n’iterambere ry’ubumenyi.” Yavuze ko uburyo bw'itsinda bwo kugabanya ishyirwaho ry’ibipimo “bishya kandi bihanga udushya” maze agira ati “bishobora kugira ingaruka ku turere twose aho amazi ashyuha ndetse n’amazi akomoka.” Abashakashatsi bavuze ko nyuma y’ibindi bizamini bya laboratoire kugira ngo hamenyekane ibyiza byashyizwe mu bikorwa Nyuma y’amavuta yo kwisiga no kwandika, sisitemu irashobora kuba yiteguye gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi mu myaka itatu gusa. Uyu murimo washyigikiwe na MIT Energy Initiative.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2021
