Intonga yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu kwizinto zevalvu

Intonga yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu kwizinto zevalvu

Esi sikali sichaza ubungakanani, imilo, iimfuno zobugcisa, iindlela zovavanyo, imithetho yokwamkelwa, ukupakishwa kwamanqaku kunye nesiqinisekiso somgangatho weentonga zentsimbi ezinganyangekiyo kubushushu (intsimbi engqukuva, intsimbi yesikwere, intsimbi ecaba kunye nentsimbi enehexagonal, emva koku kubhekiselwa kuyo njengentsimbi yentsimbi). Imiqathango kula maxwebhu alandelayo iba yimiqathango yesikali ngokubhekisele kwesi sikali. Kwiingcaphuno zomhla, zonke izilungiso ezilandelayo (ngaphandle kwe-erratum) okanye uhlaziyo alusebenzi kwesi sikali, nangona kunjalo, amaqela kwizivumelwano phantsi kwesi sikali ayakhuthazwa ukuba ahlolisise ukufumaneka kwezi nguqulelo.

1 uluhlu

Esi sikali sichaza ubungakanani, imilo, iimfuno zobugcisa, iindlela zovavanyo, imithetho yokwamkelwa, ukupakishwa kwamanqaku kunye nesiqinisekiso somgangatho weentonga zentsimbi ezinganyangekiyo kubushushu (intsimbi engqukuva, intsimbi yesikwere, intsimbi ecaba kunye nentsimbi enehexagonal, emva koku kubhekiselwa kuyo njengentsimbi yentsimbi).

Esi sikali sisebenza kwiintsimbi ezigoqiweyo, ezenziwe ngomkhandi okanye ezibandayo ezinemilinganiselo (ububanzi, ubude becala, ubukhulu okanye izithuba ezisecaleni, ekubhekiselwa kuzo njengemilinganiselo) ezingekho ngaphezulu kwe-250mm. Iintsimbi ezishushu ezigoqiweyo nezibunjiweyo ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-250mm okanye iintsimbi ezibandayo ezisetyenziweyo ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-120mm nazo ziyafumaneka xa uthethathethwano phakathi kwamaqela.

2 Iifayile zereferensi eziqhelekileyo

Imiqathango kula maxwebhu alandelayo iba yimiqathango yalo mlinganiselo ngokubhekisele kwesi sikali. Kwiingcaphuno zomhla, zonke izilungiso ezilandelayo (ngaphandle kwe-erratum) okanye uhlaziyo alusebenzi kwesi sikali. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela kwizivumelwano phantsi kwesi sikali ayakhuthazwa ukuba aphande ngokufumaneka kwe-*** iinguqulelo zala maxwebhu. Kwiimbekiselo ezingenamhla, inguqulelo iyasebenza kwesi sikali.

4 Hlela imixholo

Iikhontrakthi okanye iiodolo ezibekwe ngokwesi sikali ziya kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

5 Ukuhlelwa

5. Iintsimbi ze-1 zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine ngokweempawu zabo zesakhiwo: uhlobo lwe-Austenitic, uhlobo lwe-ferritic, uhlobo lwe-martensitic kunye nohlobo lwe-precipitation-hardened.

5. 2 Iintonga zensimbi zohlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amabini alandelayo ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nendlela yokucubungula intonga yensimbi iya kuboniswa kwisivumelwano. Ukuba akunjalo, ukunikezelwa kuya kwenziwa ngentsimbi yokusika.

Ubungakanani, imilo, ubunzima kunye nokutenxa okuvumelekileyo

6. 1 Ubungakanani, imilo kunye nokutenxa okuvumelekileyo okujikelezayo okushushu kunye nobhedu lwesikwere

Imilinganiselo, imilo kunye nokunyamezela kweentsimbi ezijikelezayo kunye neentsimbi zesikwere ziya kuhambelana neenkcukacha ze-GB / T 702-2004, kwaye iimfuno ezicacileyo ziya kuchazwa kwinkontileka. Ukuba akuboniswanga, amaqela ama-2 e-GB/T 702-2004 kufuneka enziwe.

6. 2 Ubungakanani, imilo kunye nokutenxa okuvumelekileyo kwentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo

Imilinganiselo, imilo kunye nokuphambuka okuvumelekileyo kwentsimbi eshushu egobileyo iya kuhambelana neenkcukacha ezichazwe kwi-GB/T 704-1988 kwaye iimfuno ezicacileyo ziya kuchazwa kwinkontileka. Ukuba akuboniswanga, umgangatho we-GB / T 704-1988 uya kusetyenziswa.

6. 3 Imilinganiselo, iimilo kunye nokutenxa okuvumelekileyo kwentsimbi yehexagon egoqiweyo eshushu

Imilinganiselo, imilo kunye nokunyamezela kwensimbi ene-hexagonal eshushu iya kuhambelana neenkcukacha ezichazwe kwi-GB / T 705-1985, kwaye iimfuno ezicacileyo ziya kuchazwa kwinkontileka. Akuboniswanga kwi-GB / T 705-1985 isikali se-2 ukubulawa kweqela.

6. 4 Forging round and square size size steel, shape and tolerance

Imilinganiselo, imilo kunye nokunyamezela kweentsimbi ezibunjiweyo kunye neentsimbi zesikwere ziya kuhambelana neenkcukacha ze-GB / T 908-1987, kwaye iimfuno ezicacileyo ziya kuchazwa kwinkontileka. Ukuba ayiboniswanga, yenza ngokwe-GB/T 908-1987 isikali seqela le-2.

6. 5 Umyinge, imilo kunye nokutenxa okuvumelekileyo kwentsimbi engumcaba yentsimbi

Imilinganiselo, iimilo kunye nokuphambuka kokunyamezela kwentsimbi ye-flat forged iya kuhambelana nokuchazwa kwe-GB / T 16761-1997, kwaye iimfuno ezicacileyo ziya kuchazwa kwikhontrakthi. Ukuba akuboniswanga, yenza kumaqela ama-2 ngokwe-GB/T 16761-1997 isikali.

6.6 Umyinge, imilo kunye nokunyamezela ukutenxa kwintonga yentsimbi ebandayo esebenzayo

6.6.1 Imilinganiselo kunye nokutenxa okuvumelekileyo

6.6.1.1 Ukuphambuka kokunyamezela ubungakanani beentsimbi ezisebenza ngokubanda kuya kuhambelana nemida ekwiThebhile 1, kwaye inqanaba lokuphambuka kokunyamezela liya kuboniswa kwikhontrakthi. Ukuba akunjalo, iya kuphunyezwa ngokwe-h11l. Uluhlu olusebenzayo lwenqanaba lokuphambuka kwentonga yentsimbi esebenza ngokubanda lunokukhethwa ngokweThebhile 2.

6.6.1.2 Kwiintonga zentsimbi eziphantsi konyango lobushushu kunye nokuvuthwa emva kokusebenza okubandayo, ukutenxa okuvumelekileyo kuya kuba kabini ukutenxa okuxekethileyo okudweliswe kwiThebhile 2.

6. 6. 2 Ukutenxa kwimilo nokunyamezelana

Iqondo lokugoba kunye nokungarhangqwa (isikwere) okanye umahluko wobude becala lentsimbi yokusebenza ebandayo iya kuhambelana nokucandwa kweTheyibhile 3. Intsimbi yokusika ngokuzenzekelayo iya kuchazwa kwikhontrakthi.

Itheyibhile 3 Ukugoba idigri, isikweri isidanga okanye ubude icala umahluko bar yentsimbi ebandayo esebenzayo

6. 7 Ubunzima

Iintsimbi zentsimbi zihanjiswa ngokubanzi ngobunzima bokwenene.

Iintsimbi zetsimbi zinokuhanjiswa kwimeko yonyango lokushisa okanye akukho unyango olushushu. Xa uyala, unokubhekisela kwi-7.3.1 ~ 7.3.5 ukukhetha imeko yokuhanjiswa kwaye uyibonise kwinkontileka. Ukuhanjiswa ngaphandle konyango lobushushu ukuba akuchazwanga. Jonga iTheyibhile A.1 Itheyibhile A.4 yenkqubo kaloliwe yonyango lobushushu yeentlobo ngeentlobo zemivalo yentsimbi kwiSihlomelo A. Unyango lwesisombululo esiqinileyo okanye unyango lwe-annealing kufuneka lukhethwe ngenxa yemvula yokuqina kwemivalo yensimbi ngokuhambelana ne-microstructure yentsimbi. Isixokelelwano sikaloliwe sokutsala siya kumiselwa ngothethwano phakathi kwamaqela obonelelo kunye nebango. Kwimeko apho kungekho sivumelwano, ubushushu be-annealing buqhelekile bungama-650℃~680℃. Njengoko kuvunyelwene ngamaqela omabini, i-precipitation-hardened steel rods (ngaphandle kwe-05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb) ayinakunyangwa.

Ukunyuswa: Intonga yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu (1)

7 IiMfuno zobuGcisa

7.1 Uphawu kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali

7.1.1 Ibakala lensimbi, inombolo efanayo kunye ne-chemical composition (uhlalutyo lwe-smelting) luya kuhambelana nemida kwiThebhile 4-7.

7.1.2 Ukuphambuka okuvumelekileyo kokubunjwa kweekhemikhali zentsimbi yensimbi kuya kuhambelana ne-GB / T222.

7.2 Indlela yokunyibilikisa

Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela kwikhontrakthi, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwentsimbi yokuqala (amanzi) kunye nokucocwa kwe-oven-furnace kuya kusetyenziswa.

7.3 Ubume bonikezelo

Iintsimbi zentsimbi zinokuthi zihanjiswe kwindawo yokushisa ukushisa okanye ukunganyangeki. Xa uyala, unokubhekisela kwi-7.3.1 ~ 7.3.5 ukukhetha imeko yokuhanjiswa kwaye uyibonise kwikhontrakthi. Ukuhanjiswa ngaphandle konyango lobushushu ukuba akuchazwanga. Inkqubo kaloliwe yonyango lobushushu kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentsimbi zentsimbi

7.3.1 Intonga yentsimbi ye-Austenitic yokusika iya kunyangwa ngesisombululo okanye i-annealing, okanye ayinakuphathwa emva kothethathethwano ngamaqela omabini. Intonga yensimbi yokulungiswa koxinzelelo olushushu ayiyi kunyangwa ngesisombululo okanye i-annealing.

7.3.2 Imivalo yentsimbi ye-Ferritic iya kukhutshwa kwaye ayinakunyangwa emva kothethathethwano ngamaqela omabini.

7.3.3 Intonga yentsimbi ye-Mahalanobsidian iya kuxutywa.

7.3.4 Imvula yokuqinisa iintonga zetsimbi kufuneka iphathwe ngesisombululo okanye i-annealing ngokwesakhiwo sentsimbi. Isixokelelwano sikaloliwe sokutsala siya kumiselwa ngothethwano phakathi kwamaqela obonelelo kunye nebango. Kwimeko apho kungekho sivumelwano, iqondo lobushushu le-anneal lihlala li-650℃~680℃. Njengoko kuvunyelwene ngamaqela omabini, i-precipitation-hardened steel rods (ngaphandle kwe-05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb) ayinakunyangwa.

7.3.5 Iintonga zentsimbi ezibandayo ezifakwe kubanda, eziphuculweyo, ezisikiweyo okanye ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwezi ndlela zinokuhanjiswa emva kokunyangwa kobushushu kunye nokucholwa njengoko kufunwa ngumenzi.

7.4 Umsebenzi woomatshini

7.4.1 Inkqubo kaloliwe yonyango lobushushu yeentlobo ngeentlobo zeentsimbi zentsimbi okanye iisampuli ziya kuchazwa ngokweThebhile A.1~ A.4 kwiSihlomelo A. Ubungakanani besampulu engenanto yonyango lobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo yi-25mm. Xa ubukhulu bentsimbi bungaphantsi kwama-25mm, intonga yentsimbi yokuqala isetyenziselwa unyango lobushushu. Umsebenzi womatshini wentsimbi yentsimbi ngaphandle kokunyangwa kobushushu emva komzobo obandayo uya kugqitywa ngothethwano phakathi konikezelo kunye namaqela afunayo.

7.4.2 Emva kokunyangwa kobushushu kweentonga zensimbi (ngaphandle kwentsimbi ye-martensitic annealing), isampuli ayiyi kufakwa kunyango lobushushu, kwaye imisebenzi yayo yomatshini iya kuhambelana nomnye.

7.4.3 Kwimivalo yentsimbi ngaphandle konyango lobushushu, iimpawu zemishini yesampuli engenanto emva kokunyanga kobushushu iya kuhambelana nokucandwa kweThebhile 8-11 ngokulandelanayo.

7.4.4 Umsebenzi womatshini weentsimbi zentsimbi eziqinileyo ziya kubonisa iqela lonyango lobushushu kwisivumelwano. Ukuba akunjalo, iya kuphunyezwa njengeQela loku-1.

7.4.5 Ukuba umthengisi unokuqinisekisa ukuba i-mechanical function ifanelekile, uvavanyo lwe-mechanical function yawo onke amasebe okanye amasebe lunokushiywa.

7.5 Izicubu zamandla aphantsi

7.5.1 Imingxuma ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, amaqamza, iintanda, ukufakwa, ukuxobulwa kunye namabala amhlophe akuyi kuvunyelwa kwi-asidi ephumayo kwiqhekeza lovavanyo lwamandla aphantsi wentsimbi yentsimbi kwinqanaba elinqamlezayo. Intsimbi yentsimbi yokusika iya kuba neziphene ezifana ne-subcutaneous inclusions kunye nobunzulu obungekho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sokunyamezela okubizwa ngokuba yi-dimensional tolerance.

7.5.2 Inqanaba lesiqinisekiso se-asidi evuzayo yezicubu ezikhula kancinci ziya kuhambelana nokucandwa kwiThebhile 12. Xa umfaki-sicelo efuna isethi e-1, iya kuboniswa kwikhontrakthi. Kwiintonga zensimbi ezinkulu kune-200mm, umgangatho wokufaneleka we-microstructure yesayizi ephantsi iya kugqitywa ngamaqela omabini ngokuxoxisana.

7.5.3 Ukuba uMboneleli unokuqinisekisa, uyavuma ukusebenzisa i-ultrasonic inspection okanye ezinye iindlela zokuhlola ezingonakalisi endaweni yokuhlola amandla aphantsi.

Uluhlu lwe-12 Inqanaba lokufaneleka kwezicubu ezisezantsi

7.6 Ukubunjwa okuphezulu okushushu

7.6.1 Intsimbi esetyenziselwa ukubumba umphezulu oshushu (njengoko kubonisiwe kwikhontrakthi) iya kufakwa kuvavanyo lwe-hot top forging. Ubude besampulu emva kokwenziwa komphezulu oshushu kuya kuba sisinye kwisithathu sobude besampulu yokuqala. Akuyi kubakho iintanda okanye iintanda kwisampulu emva kokwenziwa komphezulu.

7.6.2 Kwiintsimbi zetsimbi ezinkulu kune-80mm, ukuba umthengisi unokuqinisekisa ukuba uvavanyo oluphezulu lwe-forging lufanelekile, uvavanyo alunakwenziwa.

7.7 Umgangatho womphezulu

7.7.1 Umphezulu wentonga yensimbi yokucutshungulwa koxinzelelo awuyi kuba neentanda, izibazi, ukugoba okanye ukufakwa. Ukuba iziphene ezingentla ziyimfuneko, ubunzulu buya kuhambelana nemida kwiThebhile 13, ububanzi abuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwamaxesha ama-5 ubunzulu, kwaye icandelo elidibeneyo aliyi kuba ngaphezu kwesinye. Imikrwelo yomntu ngamnye, i-indentation, i-pitting kunye neentanda ezincinci ezinobunzulu obungadlulanga kwi-0.20mm zivumelekile ukusuka kwisayizi yangempela engadlulanga kwisiqingatha sokunyamezela ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo. Intonga yentsimbi ejikelezayo yokulungiswa koxinzelelo, umphezulu unokuguqulwa okanye uhlanjululwe ngokwesivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela.

Itheyibhile 13 Ubunzulu obuvumelekileyo bentsimbi yesiphene somgangatho woxinzelelo

7.7.2 Iirodi zentsimbi zokwenza oomatshini ziya kuvunyelwa ukuba zibe neziphene ezingagqithiyo kwezo zichazwe kwiTheyibhile 14 ukusuka kwimilinganiselo yazo eqhelekileyo.
7.7.3 Umphezulu wentonga yentsimbi esebenza ngokubanda iya kucoceka kwaye igudiswe, kwaye akukho zintanda, izibazi, ukugoba, ukufakwa, ukuqhekeka okanye ulusu lwe-oxide luya kuvunyelwa. Iintsimbi zentsimbi ezihanjiswa kwimeko yonyango lokushisa zivumelekile ukuba zibe nombala we-oxidation. Ukungabikho kweemfuno ezikhethekileyo, umphezulu wentonga yentsimbi uvumelekile ukuba ube nemikrwelo yomntu ngamnye, imikrwelo, amabala amnyama, i-pitting kunye nezinye iziphene ezinobunzulu obusuka kubukhulu obuyinyani abudluli ukunyamezela okubizwa ngokuba yi-dimensional dimensional.

7.7.4 Umphezulu wentonga yentsimbi ejikiweyo okanye exotyulwe, yagudiswa okanye yakhazimliswa ayisayi kuba neziphene ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa.

7.7.5 Emva kothethathethwano ngamaqela omabini kwaye kubonakaliswe kwikhontrakthi, ukuchola, ukujika kunye nezinye iindlela zingasetyenziselwa ukususa ulusu olumnyama oluveliswe kunyango lobushushu.

7.8 IiMfuno eziZodwa

Ngokweemfuno zomceli kunye nesivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini, ezi mfuno ezizodwa zilandelayo zeentsimbi zetsimbi zinokubonelelwa.

8 Indlela yovavanyo

Izinto zokuhlola kunye neendlela zokuvavanya ibhetshi nganye yeentonga zentsimbi ziya kuhambelana nokuchazwa kweThebhile 15.

9 Imithetho Yesondlo

9.1 Ukuhlolwa nokwamkelwa

Ukuhlolwa kunye nokwamkelwa kweentsimbi zetsimbi kuya kwenziwa licandelo lokuhlola umgangatho wobugcisa bomthengisi.

9.2 Imigaqo yeBatch

Iintsimbi zentsimbi ziya kuhlolwa kwaye zamkelwe ngamaqashiso. Iqela ngalinye liqulunqwe ngeentonga zentsimbi kunye nebakala elidibeneyo, inombolo yesithando somlilo, indlela yokucubungula, ubungakanani kunye nesimo sokuhanjiswa (amaxesha omlilo odibeneyo wokushisa ukushisa). Kwintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo yi-electroslag remelting, phantsi kwengcamango yokuba inkqubo ayikho isiphithiphithi kunye neemfuno zobugcisa beli sikali zinokuqinisekiswa, kuvunyelwene ukuhambisa intsimbi kwibhetshi kunye nenombolo yokunyibilikisa ye-smelting master ye-electrode esetyenziswayo, kwaye ibonisiwe. kwisatifikethi somgangatho.

9.3 Indawo yokwenza isampulu kunye neePOTS zesampulu

Indawo yesampulu kunye nenani lebhetshi nganye yokuhlolwa kwentonga yentsimbi iya kuhambelana nokuchazwa kwiThebhile 15.

Itheyibhile ye-15 yezinto zokugcina, inani leesampuli, indawo yesampuli kunye nendlela yokuvavanya intonga yentsimbi

9.4 Ukuhlolwa kwakhona kunye nemithetho yesigwebo

9.4.1 Imigaqo yokuhlolwa kwakhona kunye nesigwebo siya kunqunyulwa ngokwe-GB/T 17505.

9.4.2 Ukuba umthengisi unokuqinisekisa ukuba iintsimbi zetsimbi zifanelekile, umthengisi uyavuma ukusebenzisa i-billet njengento yokuthatha indawo ye-billet kunye nenkulu endaweni encinci kwiziphumo zokuhlolwa komsebenzi womatshini, i-microstructure ephantsi kunye ne-non-metallic inclusions. iintonga zensimbi okanye iibhilithi ezinenombolo yesithando somlilo.

Ukupakishwa, ukumakisha kunye nesatifikethi somgangatho

Ukupakishwa, ukuphawula kunye nesatifikethi somgangatho weentsimbi zensimbi ziya kuhambelana neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kwi-GB / T 2101.