TZB Ruzivo/Nzvimbo yeMvura, Canalizas/Izura Cechluk/Thermal stress uye ruzha rwekushanda kwepombi network.
Matambudziko nemhinduro. Kubva pakuona kwemugadziri, iyi inyaya yakapusa uye yakanyatsotsanangurwa, asi - sezvakaratidzwa muchinyorwa - izvo zvinodikanwa zvechikumbiro hazvizadzikiswa.
Kupisa kwekushushikana kwepombi network kune hukama neinonzi dipotation maitiro epombi nekuda kwekushanduka kwetembiricha yepombi zvinhu. Kubva pakuona kwemuviri, zviri pachena kuti kuchinja kunoitika kwete chete muaxis yepombi, i.e. pakureba, asiwo muhuwandu. Ona bhaisikopo, ona bhaisikopo, ona bhaisikopo zvakare. Iwe unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo ne: Chiitiko chinofanira kugadziriswa, kana chete kubva pakuona kweiyo elasticity yechinhu uye chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, mukana wekufambisa vibrations.
Pipeline Thermal Stress, New Jersey. O, nzcooling (nzcooling), kune kushushikana mupombi iyo inoparadzirwa nekugadzirisa pombi seaxial simba. Mukuita, anonyanya kufunga kuchinja urefu hwepombi, kureva kureba kana, pane zvinopesana, kuderera. Tanga pa:
Zvishandiso zvekutanga zvinoshandiswa mumapaipi network, senge mapurojekiti ekudziya kana kuisirwa hutsanana (mvura, masuweji, gasi), isimbi, mm. Plastics nokudaro ane kanenge kagumi kureba uye elasticity yesimbi.
Kuchinja kwenguva refu nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa kunogona kudzivirirwa nyore nyore, kungave kunonzi Napuri River. nekukotamisa nzira (Fig. 1a), kana kukotama compensator (Fig. 1b uye 1c) [1, 2, 3]. Kutsvedza kwerutsigiro rwepombi kunonyanyo onekwa nema clamps ane anotsvedza mabhanhire uye anofanirwa kuiswa saka, ichi ndicho chitunha chekusagadzira kusimba kwaunoda. Unogona kuwana muviri wako panyama. Kune zvikamu zvakareba, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa pfungwa yakagadziriswa pakati kuti iparadzanise kuwedzera muzvikamu zviviri.
Kusungirirwa kwakagadziriswa ndeye isingabvumiri kuwedzera, i.e. panzvimbo yerutsigiro inodzivirira kufamba kwepombi pamwe neaxis yayo. Nzvimbo yakagadziriswa inogona kushandiswa panzvimbo yekufamba kwepombi, kusungirirwa kwemamita anoshingaira, kana panzvimbo yebazi. Kuiswa kwekutsvedza kwepombi inzira yekusimbisa, kana pombi inodzivirirwa kufamba kupfuura axis yenzira, asi dilatational kufamba kwepombi kunogona kuitika muaxis yepombi. Kuiswa kwekutsvedza kwepombi inomhanya-mhanya kunogona kuitwa kana neruoko rwemahara (sleeve yepombi yakasimbiswa zvakasimba pamusoro pepombi) kana nehanger yepombi yakagadziridzwa (Kukadzi 2).
Iyo pombi inofanira kunge yakashongedzerwa nemurindi kana pombi inosundirwa mumadziro enzvimbo inotsvedza. Urumqi poto (pamadziro, pasi kana sirin'i) inogona kugadzirwa nekubatanidza ukobvu hwemadziro, thermal insulation, uye pombi. nekutendeuka kwenzira (Ndira 1st). Mapombi ane mukana wekufamba akasununguka mukati mekumisikidzwa kwezvinhu zvinopisa zvekupisa. Chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa hakusi kungocherechedzwa kwehurefu hwakanyungudutswa hwepombi, asiwo hurefu hudiki hweinodanwa. Yemahara Latin America. Zita raMaxim Max (1) rinobva mukuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Kusiyana neizvi, hurefu hudiki hweruoko rwakasununguka hunoenderana nemhando chaiyo yepombi. Izvo zvekurongedza zvezvigadzirwa zveceramic zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira uye kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinosangana neanotevera mamiriro. Nyanzvi yepoto chati, nyanzvi yepoto chati, nyanzvi yepoto chati, nyanzvi yepoto chati. Kune mapaipi emhangura, unogona kuenderera maererano negirafu iri mumufananidzo 3 kana maererano nehukama [10]:
Iwe unofanirwa kuratidza chitupa chako iwe usipo. Nzira yekubatanidza haifaniri kungoremekedza zvinodiwa zvekusununguka (kutsvedza) kuiswa kwepombi, asiwo kuderedza kutapurirwa kwekudengenyeka kubva pombi kusvika kune chivakwa chekuvaka. Mitsva mitsva yezvinomera zvehari Mhando dzezvinomera muhari Mumhando dzakasiyana dzemiti yakabikwa.
Kuti uverenge chinhambwe pakati pezvirembera (zvitsigiro) zvepombi yakaturikwa zvakasununguka pasi pedenga, unogona kushandisa hukama (3), kana kushandisa matafura evagadziri vepombi (semuenzaniso [10]).
Kubva pakuona kwekuenzanisa, matafura ekure ezvitsigiro zvesimbi (tafura 3) uye mapaipi emhangura (tafura 4) uye mapaipi epurasitiki PP-R, S 2.5 (tafura 5) inogona kupiwa. DIN 1988-2 [9].
Jakob Zobo Sam Bohemia Provini Postvic, Puerto Rico Butovy Bovini v. 2013 Rocevic Plogneni in Šafaříkovy street is sad. Handikudi, handidi Setkallo. Chii chinogona kuitika muchiitiko chekusachengetwa kwezvakatemwa zvakatemwa occlusal positioning yepombi, kusavapo kwe compensators ye longitudinal kuwedzera panguva yekuisa, inoratidzwa mufig. Kubvumbi 5. Uku ndiko kupera uye kubvaruka kwepombi yekugovera mvura yeuswa (PP-R 75 × 12.5), iyo, payakaiswa mukushanda, yakatsemura keteni kubva padenga (Kubvumbi 4) uye munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakachinja zvachose. chimiro chayo (kutarisa 5).
Muchiitiko ichi, akaratidzawo kushanda kwekushushikana kwekushisa pahupenyu hwepombi yeplastiki. Ndapota tsanangurai schematics inodiwa yekugadzirira kwemvura yetsvina. Zvinoenderana negwaro reprojekiti yehofisi yekugadzira, chirongwa chekugadzirira mutsara wetsvina yaive yakarongeka (June 6). Real-zita makambani akabatana-stock, makambani akabatana-stock uye makambani akabatana-stock. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nguva pfupi mushure mekutumwa, pakava netsaona mumoto wekupisa.
Chii chakakonzera tsaona iyi? Iyo yekupisa yekupisa yakagadzirirwa kubatana kwakananga kuCZT ine tembiricha yekupa mvura ye130 ° C. Nehurombo, iyo kambani yekuisa yedunhu rechipiri yeanopisa kupisa yakabatanidza kushandiswa kwepombi dzepurasitiki dzakatoiswa zvakananga pane inopisa kupisa. Miriwo yakabikwa, zvirimwa zvehari [11]. Kana tikafunga iyo yakashandiswa PP-R pombi 50 × 8.3 mm uye yekushanda overpressure ye0.64 MPa, ipapo iyo yakaverengerwa kushushikana kwepombi madziro eiyo parameter yakatarwa ccaσv= 2.41 MPa. Kubva pakushambidzika kwepamusoro pekushanda kwepombi ye80 ° C, hupenyu hwepombi hunogona kuverengwa semakore makumi maviri nemashanu, maererano nemugadziri wepombi. Chiyero chekudzivirira che90 ° C chine tembiricha ye5, uye mwero wekudzivirira we110 ° C une mwero wekudzivirira wemakore 0.9. 130°C tembiricha yejira redikita! Maitiro, apo hupenyu hwepombi hunowedzera zvakanyanya nekupisa kwepamusoro, hunogona kutariswa pane tembiricha yepamusoro inosvika 130 ° C. Dhiyagiramu yekusagadzikana kwekubatanidza kukanganisa inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 7. Zvakakosha kuwedzera (Kate haana kuvimbiswa kushanda kwepombi No. 1), "Pruze" (inopa squeal)
Kunyangwe mugadziri wepombi (ⅴmirairo yekuiswa kwepombi) 1 mugadziri (ⅴwepurojekiti) vese vakakumbira kuti KASATI kwekuiswa kwerudzi urwu rwepombi yepurasitiki ine HEAT exchanger, simbi inofanira kuvharwa uye pombi yesimbi iiswe 2
Kushanda kwezvigadzirwa zvemichina muzvivako kunounza dambudziko rekusika uye kupararira kwezviitiko zvemheremhere. Zvinyorwa zvinogona semuenzaniso. Armature, mapaipi, pombi, mafeni, pombi dzesuweji kana mvura, elevator, nezvimwe. Kurongeka kwemakanika kunotangira pamakiromita makumi maviri kusvika pamakumi maviri, 000 (kureva nhanho inonzwika). Ruzha runogona kupararira mumagasi, zvinwiwa uye zvinyoro muchimiro cheacoustic waves. Kufungidzira, acoustic wave inofamba nekumhanya kwe 340 m / s mumhepo, asi kusvika 1500 m / s mumvura. Iwe unogona kushandisa zvombo zvako pachako mune inongoitika longitudinal acoustic mafungu, shandisa elastomers mune zvese longitudinal, uye tsvaga zita rako pamusanganiswa zvinotungamira kune oscillations. Zvese zvekuvaka zvatinosangana nazvo zvinoratidza kudzikira kwehukukutu hwekugwedeka zvichienderana nechinhambwe kubva panobva. Panyaya yekuparadzira inzwi kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakasimba, inonzi vibration. Chinhu chinogadzirisa munyaya iyi ndicho chemukati chekudzikisa chinhu, chinotsanangurwa se [4, 7]:
Zvinhu zvekuvaka, zvakadai Mushure mokukanzura quiz, chinhu ichi idiki kwazvo, saka vibration (res. ruzha rusingadiwi) kure, semuenzaniso. Ciri Nibo Djevo. Zvinoitika kuti iwe unogona kubva kune izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya kubva pakuona kweruzha kubva pakuvaka kuvaka. Imwe hama yevanhu veNapus, Czechnavić Kostluksić Nibo Swieku Budovova Malif Serra Ruda Velechin, Napur. default settings.
Inosanganisira kubvisa kunobva ruzha kana kuderedza ruzha rwayo. Panyaya yehutano hwekumisikidzwa kwehunyanzvi, inonyanya kusanganisira kuvakwa kwakakodzera kwezvinhu zvega zvemichina. Ruzha runogonawo kukonzerwa nerukova rwemvura, kubuda kwemvura kubva mumatangi ekutsvaira, kubuda kweInoyevedza mvura, etc. Zvishandiso zvinonyorovesa kuratidzwa uku zvakanaka kazhinji karamiki kana simbi yakakandwa. Knapp June 7, Czech Republic 75 5455, French National Railway Company (CSN 75 5455), Podvik (Norvévé) Democratic Republic (Chikumi 6).
Inobva pane yakakodzera siting yenzvimbo dzine ruzha. Dhizaini chaiyo yemamiriro ekunze mukati mechivako, Knapp. boiler makamuri, zvimbuzi, kicheni, yekugezera, nezvimwewo, inogona kuchengetedza yakakosha zviwanikwa zvemari nekuona iyo acoustic nyaradzo yemakamuri akachengetedzwa. Kusiyanisa nenzira yekunyatso tarisa kwauchagadzira kugovera kwepombi uye kupi, pane kudaro, kuedza kudzivirira nzira dzadzo.
Iyo ine yekuparadzanisa michina ine ruzha kana nzvimbo yese ine ruzha ine yakakosha-inodzivirira inovhara mavhavha, partitions, nezvimwe. Iyo tekinoroji yeApod Motor Company. Inofanira kuwedzerwa kuti Tata Method inofanira kushandiswa (iyi nzira inofanira kushandiswa), "Kana zvisingabviri kubatanidza imwe yenzira mbiri dzakapfuura" [5, 6].
Chinangwa chechinyorwa chaive chekuyeuchidza zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvekugadzirwa kwepombi network padivi rekushushikana kwekupisa. Izvo zvakakosha pakuronga nzira yepombi yekufunga kwete chete tembiricha uye urefu hwepombi yakarongwa, asiwo neruzha kufunga. Muchikamu chepurojekiti, zvinokwanisika kudzivirira matambudziko emangwana kana mumwe (apo mumwe) achinyunyuta pamusoro peruzha, Pukud de Duruch (Kana mumwe munhu) akagadzirwa, semuenzaniso, Napshtivan Nune kana Hot Springs. Zvakare, zvinodikanwa kuyeuchidza kuti chero kuedza kwemugadziri kudzokorodza matambudziko ataurwa pamusoro apa, anokonzerwa nechimiro chechimiro chekugadzira mapaipi eSITI, kazhinji anokundikana PRIMO mukugadzira mapaipi eSITI.
Chinangwa chechinyorwa ichi ndechekuwedzera pombi network. Kubva pakuona kwemugadziri, uyu mubvunzo wakapfava uye wakanyorwa zvakanaka. Nekudaro, sezvakaratidzwa muchinyorwa, kana izvo zvakakosha zvisingazadzikiswa pakugadzira pombi network, mhedzisiro inogona kuuraya zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-01-2021
