TZB Amakuru / Akarere k'amazi, Canalizas / Izura Cechluk / Imyuka yubushyuhe hamwe n urusaku rwimikorere yimiyoboro
Ibibazo nibisubizo. Ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera, iki nikibazo cyoroshye kandi cyasobanuwe neza, ariko - nkuko bigaragara mu ngingo - ibisabwa byibanze byifuzo ntabwo byujujwe
Guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe bwimiyoboro ifitanye isano nicyo bita imyitwarire ya dipotation yumuyoboro kubera ihindagurika ryubushyuhe bwibikoresho. Duhereye ku buryo bufatika, biragaragara ko impinduka itabaho gusa mu murongo w'umuyoboro, ni ukuvuga mu burebure, ariko no mu bunini. Reba firime, urebe firime, ongera urebe firime. Urashobora kubona amakuru menshi kuri: Ikintu kigomba gukemurwa, niba gusa duhereye kubitekerezo bya elastique yibintu kandi byanyuma ariko bitarenze, amahirwe yo kwanduza ibinyeganyega.
Umuyoboro wa Thermal Stress, New Jersey. Yewe, nzcooling (nzcooling), hariho impagarara mu muyoboro woherezwa n'umuyoboro ukosora nk'imbaraga za axial. Mubikorwa, ahanini atekereza guhindura uburebure bwumuyoboro, ni ukuvuga kurambura cyangwa, kurundi ruhande, kugabanuka. Tangira kuri:
Ibikoresho by'ibanze bikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'imiyoboro, nk'imishinga yo gushyushya cyangwa ibikoresho by'isuku (amazi, umwanda, gaze), ni ibyuma, mm. Plastike rero ifite hafi inshuro icumi z'uburebure na elastique y'ibyuma.
Impinduka ndende kubera kwaguka k'ubushyuhe zirashobora gukumirwa byoroshye, haba mubyo bita Umugezi wa Napuri. mu kugoreka inzira (Igishusho 1a), cyangwa kugorora indishyi (Ishusho 1b na 1c) [1, 2, 3]. Inkunga yo kunyerera yumuyoboro igerwaho ahanini na clamp ifite clamping kunyerera kandi igomba guhagarikwa rero, iyi niyo ntumbi yo kutarema gukomera kwifuzwa. Urashobora kubona umubiri wawe kumubiri. Kubice birebire, birasabwa gushyira ingingo ihamye hagati kugirango ugabanye kwaguka mubice bibiri.
Umugereka utajegajega ni umwe utemerera kwaguka, ni ukuvuga mu mwanya winkunga irinda kugenda umuyoboro ujyanye nawo. Ingingo ihamye irashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa aho bigenda byumuyoboro, bikwiranye na metero ikora, cyangwa mumashami. Gushyira kunyerera kumuyoboro nuburyo bwo gufunga, mugihe umuyoboro ubujijwe kugenda kurenga inzira yinzira, ariko kugenda kwaguka kwumuyoboro birashobora kugaragara mumurongo wumuyoboro. Gushyira kunyerera byumuyoboro wubusa birashobora gukorwa haba nubusa bwubusa (umuyoboro wumuyoboro uhambiriwe cyane hejuru yumuyoboro) cyangwa hamwe nicyuma cyabugenewe cyabugenewe (2 Gashyantare).
Umuyoboro ugomba kuba ufite izamu mugihe umuyoboro usunitswe murukuta rwububiko. Inkono ya Urumqi (kurukuta, hasi cyangwa hejuru) irashobora kuremwa muguhuza ubunini bwurukuta, izitera ubushyuhe, hamwe numuyoboro. n'inzira y'inzira (1 Mutarama). Imiyoboro ifite amahirwe yo kwimuka mubwisanzure bwibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe. Ibanze shingiro ntabwo ari ukubahiriza gusa uburebure bwagutse bwagutse bwumuyoboro, ahubwo nuburebure buke bwibyo bita Amerika y'Epfo. Izina rya Maxim Max (1) riva mu bwigunge. Ibinyuranye, uburebure ntarengwa bwamaboko yubusa biterwa nubwoko bwihariye bwumuyoboro. Ibikoresho byo gupakira ibicuruzwa byabugenewe bikoreshwa mugukora no gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira. Igicapo c'umwuga, imbonerahamwe y'inkono yabigize umwuga, imbonerahamwe y'inkono yabigize umwuga, imbonerahamwe y'inkono yabigize umwuga. Ku miyoboro y'umuringa, urashobora gukomeza ukurikije igishushanyo kiri ku gishushanyo cya 3 cyangwa ukurikije isano [10]:
Ugomba kwerekana umwirondoro wawe udahari. Uburyo bwo kwizirika ntibugomba kubahiriza gusa ibisabwa kugirango hashyirwemo umuyoboro wubusa (kunyerera), ariko kandi bigomba no kugabanya ihererekanyabubasha riva mu muyoboro ujya ku nyubako. Ubwoko bushya bwibiti byabumbwe Ubwoko bwibiti byabumbwe muburyo butandukanye bwibiti byabumbwe.
Kugirango ubare intera iri hagati yimanikwa (inkunga) yumuyoboro wahagaritswe kubusa munsi ya plafond, urashobora gukoresha isano (3), cyangwa ugakoresha ameza yabakora imiyoboro (urugero: 10).
Urebye kubigereranya, imbonerahamwe yintera yicyuma (imbonerahamwe 3) hamwe nu muringa wumuringa (imbonerahamwe 4) hamwe nu miyoboro ya plastike PP-R, S 2.5 (imbonerahamwe 5) irashobora gutangwa. DIN 1988-2 [9].
Jakob Zobo Sam Bohemia Provini Postvic, Porto Rico Butovy Bovini yaburanye na 2013 Rocevic Plogneni mu muhanda wa Šafaříkovy birababaje. Sinkunda, Sinkunda Setkallo. Ni iki gishobora kubaho mugihe cyo kutubahiriza igihe cyagenwe cyagenwe cyagenwe, kutagira indishyi zo kwaguka igihe kirekire mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, byerekanwe mumitini. 5 Mata imiterere yacyo (kwitegereza 5).
Muri uru rubanza, yerekanye kandi ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwubuzima bwumuyoboro wa plastiki. Nyamuneka sobanura ibishushanyo bikenewe kugirango hategurwe sisitemu yimyanda. Dukurikije ibyangombwa byumushinga wibiro bishushanya, gahunda yo gutegura umurongo wimyanda yari ikurikirana (6 kamena). Izina-nyaryo ryamasosiyete-yimigabane, amasosiyete ahuriweho nisosiyete ihuriweho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hafi ako kanya nyuma yo gutangira imirimo, habaye impanuka mumashanyarazi.
Niki cyateye iyi mpanuka? Guhindura ubushyuhe byateguwe kugirango bihuze CZT nubushyuhe bwo gutanga amazi ku izina rya 130 ° C. Kubwamahirwe, isosiyete yubushakashatsi yumuzunguruko wa kabiri woguhindura ubushyuhe yahujije ikoreshwa ryimiyoboro ya pulasitike yamaze gushyirwaho muburyo bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe. Imboga zibumbwe, ibimera bisukuye [11]. Niba dusuzumye umuyoboro wa PP-R wakoreshejwe mm 50 × 8.3 mm hamwe nigitutu gikabije cya 0,64 MPa, noneho impagarara zabazwe kurukuta rwumuyoboro kubintu byagenwe ccaσv = 2.41 MPa. Uhereye ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwa 80 ° C, ubuzima bwuwo muyoboro burashobora kubarwa nkimyaka 25, nkuko uwabikoze abitangaza. Urwego rwo kurinda 90 ° C rufite ubushyuhe bwa 5, naho urwego rwo kurinda 110 ° C rufite urwego rwo kurinda imyaka 0.9. 130 ° C umwenda wo kubira ibyuya! Icyerekezo, iyo ubuzima bwumuyoboro bwiyongereye cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwubuso, birashobora gutekerezwa kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 130 ° C. Igishushanyo cyo kunanirwa guhuza kwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 7. Birakenewe ko wongeraho (Kate ntabwo yemerewe gukora pompe No 1), "Pruze" (itanga akamo)
Nubwo uruganda rukora imiyoboro (ⅴinyigisho zo gushiraho imiyoboro) 1 uwashushanyije (ⅴku mushinga) bose basabye ko PRIOR yashyiraho ubu bwoko bwumuyoboro wa pulasitike hamwe nuwahinduye ubushyuhe, ibyuma bigomba gufungwa kandi umuyoboro wibyuma ugashyirwaho 2
Imikorere yibikoresho bya tekiniki mu nyubako izana hamwe nikibazo cyo kurema no gukwirakwiza ibintu byurusaku. Inkomoko irashobora kuba urugero. Armature, imiyoboro, pompe, abafana, imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa imiyoboro y'amazi, lift, nibindi. Urutonde rwabakanishi ruri hagati ya kilometero 20 na 20.000 (ni ukuvuga amajwi yumvikana). Ijwi rirashobora gukwirakwira mu myuka, mu mazi no mu buryo bukomeye mu buryo bwa acoustic waves. Tekereza, umuyaga wa acoustic ugenda ku muvuduko wa 340 m / s mu kirere, ariko ukagera kuri 1500 m / s mu mazi. Urashobora gukoresha amasasu yawe wenyine mubibaho gusa birebire birebire bya acoustic waves, koresha elastomeri bibaho byombi birebire, hanyuma ugasanga izina ryawe rifatanije biganisha ku guhungabana. Ibikoresho byose byubaka duhura nabyo byerekana kugabanuka kwimbaraga zo guhindagurika bitewe nintera yaturutse. Mugihe cyo gukwirakwiza amajwi binyuze mubikoresho bikomeye, byitwa kunyeganyega. Ikintu gikomeye muri uru rubanza ni ikintu cyo kugabanya imbere, gisobanurwa nka [4, 7]:
Ibikoresho byo kubaka, nka Nyuma yo guhagarika ikibazo, iki kintu ni gito cyane, kubwibyo kunyeganyega (res. Urusaku udashaka) kure, Ciri Nibo Djevo. Biragaragara ko ushobora kuva muri ibyo nibyingenzi cyane ukurikije urusaku ruva mubwubatsi. Umuvandimwe wabaturage ba Napus, Cekchnavić Kostluksić Nibo Swieku Budovova Malif Serra Ruda Velechin, Napur. Igenamiterere.
Igizwe no gukuraho inkomoko y'urusaku cyangwa kugabanya amajwi yayo. Kubijyanye nubuzima bwa tekiniki yubuzima, ahanini bikubiyemo kubaka bikwiye ibikoresho byihariye. Urusaku rushobora kandi guterwa n'umugezi w'amazi, isohoka ry'amazi ava mu bigega bitemba, gusohoka kw'amazi meza, n'ibindi. Ibikoresho bigabanya ibyo bigaragara neza ahanini ni ububumbyi cyangwa ibyuma. Knapp Ku ya 7 Kamena, Repubulika ya Tchèque 75 5455, Isosiyete y'igihugu ya gari ya moshi y'Ubufaransa (CSN 75 5455), Podvik (Norvévé) Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi (6 Kamena).
Ishingiye ku myanya ikwiye y’ahantu huzuye urusaku. Igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yimbere imbere yinyubako, Knapp. ibyumba byo gutekamo, ubwiherero, igikoni, ubwiherero, nibindi, birashobora kuzigama umutungo wamafaranga ukoresheje uburyo bwiza bwa acoustic bwibyumba birinzwe. Gereranya nuburyo bwo gusuzuma witonze aho dushushanya imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa n’aho, kurundi ruhande, kugirango ugerageze kwirinda inzira zabo.
Igizwe no gutandukanya ibikoresho bisakuza cyangwa umwanya wose wuzuye urusaku hamwe n'ibifuniko bidasanzwe byerekana amajwi, ibice, nibindi. Ikoranabuhanga rya Apod Motor Company. Twakagombye kongeraho ko Uburyo bwa Tata bugomba gukoreshwa (ubu buryo bugomba gukoreshwa), "Niba bidashoboka guhuza bumwe muburyo bubiri bwabanje" [5, 6].
Icyari kigamijwe muri iyo ngingo kwari ukwibutsa ibisabwa byibanze mu gushushanya imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro y’umuriro. Nibyingenzi cyane mugihe utegura inzira yumuyoboro ntuzirikane gusa ubushyuhe nuburebure bwumuyoboro uteganijwe, ariko nanone utekereza urusaku. Mu cyiciro cyumushinga, birashoboka gukumira ibibazo biri imbere mugihe umwe (mugihe umwe) yinubiye urusaku, Pukud de Duruch (Niba undi muntu) yakozwe, urugero, Napshtivan Nune cyangwa Hot Springs. Na none, birakenewe kwibutsa ko igeragezwa ryose ryakozwe nuwashushanyije kugerageza ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, biturutse kumiterere yimiterere yimiterere yimiyoboro ya SITI, mubisanzwe binanirwa PRIMO mugushushanya imiyoboro ya SITI.
Ibyibandwaho muriyi ngingo ni kwagura imiyoboro. Uhereye kubishushanya, iki nikibazo cyoroshye kandi cyanditse neza. Ariko, nkuko bigaragara mu ngingo, niba ibisabwa byibanze bitujujwe mugushushanya umuyoboro, ibisubizo birashobora kwica cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-01-2021
