Kuwongolera mwachangu ndi kuzimitsa moto wowopsa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopulumutsira moyo yomwe ozimitsa moto angachite. Kuzimitsa moto kotetezeka ndi kogwira mtima kumafuna madzi—nthaŵi zina madzi ochuluka—ndipo m’madera ambiri, madzi amaperekedwa ndi zitsime zozimitsa moto.
M'nkhaniyi, ndikuwonetsa zina mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zozimitsa moto, kufotokozerani njira zoyezera bwino ndikutsuka zida zozimitsa moto, fufuzani machitidwe wamba operekera madzi, ndikupereka malangizo ndi malingaliro ambiri othandizira makampani opanga injini. muzochitika zotsatirazi Onetsetsani kuti madzi ali odalirika pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. (Kuti muone bwino katchulidwe ka machulukidwe a zida zozimitsa moto, kamangidwe kake, ndi miyezo yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, chonde onani “Fire Hydrants” mu Paul Nussbickel’s Fire Engineering, January 1989, masamba 41-46.)
Musanapitirire, mfundo zitatu ndi zofunika kuzitchula. Choyamba, m'nkhani yonseyi, ndimatchula ozimitsa moto omwe amayendetsa zida za injini (pampu) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpope monga "madalaivala amakampani" kapena "madalaivala". M'madipatimenti ambiri, munthu uyu amatchedwa "injiniya" kapena "wogwiritsa ntchito pampu", koma pafupifupi nthawi zonse, mawuwa ndi ofanana. Kachiwiri, pokambirana za njira zolondola zoyesera, kuwotcha ndi kulumikiza chowongolera moto, nditumiza chidziwitsochi kwa dalaivala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndi udindo wake. Komabe, m'madipatimenti ena, mizere yoperekera zida idayalidwa kuchokera ku zida zozimitsa moto kupita kumoto, ndikusiya membala wina kuti alumikizane ndi kulipiritsa akalamulidwa. Pofuna kupewa kuvulazidwa komanso kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akuyenda mosadukiza, munthuyu ayenera kutsatira njira zoyezera komanso zotsuka ngati dalaivala. Chachitatu, madera akumidzi sakukhudzidwanso ndi umbanda ndi kuwononga zinthu m’matauni, ndipo madera oŵerengeka sangakumane ndi kusoŵa kwa bajeti komwe kumakhudza ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Mavuto omwe akhala akukhudza kwa nthawi yayitali kupezeka kwa zida zozimitsa moto m'ntchito yamkati mwa mzinda tsopano ali paliponse.
Kugwira ntchito kwa zida zozimitsa moto monga magwero a madzi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Mapaipi amadzi amadzimadzi amakhala ochepa kukula ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa madzi omwe alipo komanso kuthamanga kwa static; ndi
Ngakhale kuti cholinga changa ndi kuphunzira mitundu yoyamba ndi yachitatu ya mavuto, ndiyenera kutsindika kufunika kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa mavuto. Kumvetsetsa kukula kwa chitoliro chamadzi ndi / kapena kuyezetsa mayeso ndi gawo lofunikira pokonzekera ngozi isanachitike komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa kampani ya injini. (Onani “Fire Flow Testing” yolembedwa ndi Glenn P. Corbett, Fire Engineering, December 1991, tsamba 70.) Ziyenera kutsimikizirika kuti zida zozimitsira moto zoperekedwa ndi chitoliro chachikulu chokhala ndi m’mimba mwake wosakwana mainchesi 6 ndi zida zozimitsira moto zokhala ndi cholumikizira. Kuthamanga kwapakati pa 500 gpm kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuteteza Kuvuta kugwira ntchito ndi kutuluka kwamoto kosakwanira kunachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, tcheru chiyenera kuperekedwa ku malo opangira moto omwe ali ndi makhalidwe apadera awa: ali pazitsulo zakufa, amafunikira zipangizo zapadera, ali ndi ma nozzles a 212-inch okha, ndipo sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito ngalande chifukwa ali m'malo otsetsereka. kapena madera okhala ndi madzi ochuluka apansi panthaka.
M'munsimu muli ena mwa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa choyang'anira ndi kusamalira molakwika, kugwiritsa ntchito mopanda chilolezo, komanso kuwononga zinthu:
Ndodo yosagwira ntchito kapena nati yogwiritsira ntchito imawonongeka kwambiri kotero kuti wrench yozimitsa moto isagwiritsidwe ntchito;
M’madera ambiri, dipatimenti ya zamadzi m’derali imayang’anira ndi kusunga zida zozimitsa moto nthaŵi zonse. Izi sizimalola ozimitsa moto kuti adziyese okha kuti atsimikizire kuti chowongolera chozimitsa moto chikuyenda bwino. Ogwira ntchito pakampani yama injini amayenera kuyang'ana chopozera chozimitsa moto nthawi ndi nthawi m'malo omwe amayankhirapo pochotsa chipewa pamphuno yayikulu kwambiri (yomwe kale imadziwika kuti "steam connector") ndikutsuka mbiyayo bwino kuti achotse zinyalala. Chitani mayeso otere poyankha ma alarm, kubowola, ndi zochitika zina zakunja kuti mukhale chizolowezi. Samalani kwambiri zopangira moto zomwe zilibe chivundikiro; zidutswa zikhoza kuikidwa mu mbiya. Yatsani bwino zida zozimitsa moto zomwe zangoikidwa kumene kuti miyala yomwe yatsekeredwa m'chitoliro chachikulu ndi chokwera kuti isawononge mpope ndi zida.
M'munsimu muli mfundo zazikuluzikulu za njira zotetezera zoyezera ndi kuthira zida zozimitsa moto. Choyamba, pa chopopera chamoto chokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba, onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane kuti chowongolera moto chatsekedwa musanayese kuchotsa chivindikirocho. Chachiwiri, chotsani kapu kuchokera pamphuno yayikulu kwambiri pa chopozera moto ndikuthamangitsa polowera kuti zinyalala zonse zomwe zalowetsedwa zachotsedwa. Chachitatu, zingakhale zofunikira kumangirira zophimba zina kuti zisawonongeke kapena, chofunika kwambiri, kuti chivundikirocho chisawombedwe mwamphamvu pamene chowongolera moto chikutsegulidwa. Chachinayi, nthawi zonse muziyima kumbuyo kwa chowongolera moto mukamathamangitsa. Mwachiwonekere, kuyimirira kutsogolo kapena pafupi ndi inu ndikothekera kwambiri kunyowa; koma chifukwa chofunika kwambiri choyimilira kumbuyo kwa chopopera moto ndi chakuti miyala ndi mabotolo omwe amatsekeredwa mu mbiya yamoto kapena chokwera adzakakamizika pansi pa kupsyinjika kwakukulu Kupyolera mumphuno, kumakhala projectile yoopsa. Kuonjezera apo, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chivundikirocho chikhoza kuphulika, kuvulaza.
Mfundo ina yofunika ikukhudzana ndi momwe valavu yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kutsegulidwa kuti itulutse bwino chowongolera moto. Ndidawona kuti dalaivala adatsegula chowongolera chozimitsa moto kangapo, ndikupangitsa kuti madzi adutse pamphuno yosatsekedwa mopanikizika kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumeneku kungathe kukankhira zitini za aluminiyamu, mabotolo agalasi ndi pulasitiki, mapepala a maswiti a cellophane, ndi zinyalala zina pamwamba pa mlingo wa mphuno ndi kuwaletsa kuti asatulutsidwe mu mbiya. Kenako dalaivala anatseka chopopera chozimitsa moto, analumikiza chitoliro choyamwitsa, natsegulanso chopopera chozimitsa moto, ndi kudzaza mpope wamadzi. Mwadzidzidzi—kaŵirikaŵiri mofanana ndi chigwiriro choyamba cholowa m’malo ozimitsa moto—madzi amathamanga pamene zinyalala zosasamba zimalowa m’chingwe chokokeramo. Mzere wowukirawo unakhala wofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito pamphuno asinthe mofulumira; mphamvu ya kudya itatsikira pa zero, dalaivala nthawi yomweyo anachita mantha. Njira yoyenera yoyatsira moto imaphatikizapo kutsegula chopozerapo kangapo, kudikira kaye pang'ono, kenaka kutseka chopozerapo chozimitsira moto mpaka madzi okhetsedwa adzaza theka la pobowolo (onani chithunzi patsamba 64).
Kuonongako komweko kumatha kulepheretsa pang'ono kapena kulepheretsa zida zozimitsa moto. Nthawi zambiri ndimakumana ndi zida zamoto zokhala ndi zipewa zosoweka, ulusi wosowa (nthawi zambiri pa nozzles 212-inch), zipewa zosoweka za valve kapena ma bolts pama flanges otayika, mtedza wogwirira ntchito wotha chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito mosaloledwa, ndiabwinoko kuposa mapensulo M'mimba mwake ndi yayikulu pang'ono. , hood imasweka, mbiya imaundana chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito mosaloledwa m'nyengo yozizira, chopozera moto chimagwedezeka dala, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kutayika kwathunthu.
Njira zothanirana ndi kuononga. Mumzinda wa New York, mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya zida zowononga zinthu imayikidwa pazitsulo zozimitsa moto. Chilichonse mwa zidazi chimafuna wrench yapadera kapena chida chogwirira ntchito, chomwe chimasokonezanso ntchito ya dalaivala. Nthawi zambiri, pali zida ziwiri pazitsulo zomwezo - chipangizo chimodzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuteteza chivundikirocho kuti chisachotsedwe, ndipo chipangizo chachiwiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza nati yogwiritsira ntchito ntchito yosaloledwa. M'madera ambiri, zida zokhazo zomwe zimafunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito poyatsira moto ndi wrench yamoto ndi ma adapter amodzi kapena awiri (mtundu wadziko lonse wopangidwa ndi ma adapter a Storz, ma valve a mpira kapena ma valve a pachipata, ndi ma valve opangira moto wa njira zinayi ndizofala kwambiri. ). Koma m’madera a m’tauniyo, kumene kuwononga zinthu kwachulukira ndiponso kukonza zida zozimitsa moto n’kokayikitsa, pangafunike zipangizo zina zambiri. Kampani yanga ya injini ku Bronx imanyamula mitundu 14—inde, ma wrenchi 14 osiyanasiyana, zophimba, mapulagi, ma adapter, ndi zida zina, kuti angopeza madzi kuchokera pa chopozera moto. Izi sizikuphatikiza kukula ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma hoses oyamwa ndikupereka zofunika pakulumikiza kwenikweni.
Nthawi zambiri, kampani ya injini imodzi yomwe imagwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha kapena makampani awiri kapena kupitilira apo omwe amagwira ntchito molumikizana amakhazikitsa madzi kuchokera ku bomba lozimitsa moto. Kampani ya injini imodzi imatha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira ziwiri zoyakira payipi - chitoliro chowongoka kapena kuyala kutsogolo ndi kuyala mobwerera - kuti akhazikitse madzi kuchokera ku zida zozimitsa moto.
Pakuyika molunjika kapena kutsogolo (nthawi zina amatchedwa "hydrant to fire" kuyika kapena "tandem" kuyika koperekera), zida za injini zimayimitsidwa pa chowongolera moto kutsogolo kwa nyumba yozimitsa moto. Membala wina adatsika ndikuchotsa ma hoses okwanira kuti "atseke" chopozera moto, ndikuchotsa ma wrench ndi zida zofunika. Pamene ogwira ntchito "moto" amapereka chizindikiro, woyendetsa injini amapita kumalo oyaka moto ndi ntchito ya payipi yamadzi. Mamembala omwe atsala muzitsulo zozimitsira moto ndiye amatsuka chowongolera moto, kulumikiza payipi, ndikulipiritsa chingwe choperekera molingana ndi dongosolo la dalaivala. Njirayi ndi yotchuka chifukwa imalola kuti zipangizo za injini zikhale pafupi ndi nyumba yozimitsa moto ndipo zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito kale ndi mapaipi a sitimayo. Komabe, ili ndi zovuta zingapo.
Choyipa choyamba ndichakuti membala m'modzi amakhala pamalo ozimitsa moto, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali m'nyumba yozimitsa moto kuti agwiritse ntchito chogwirira choyamba. Choyipa chachiwiri ndi chakuti ngati mtunda wa pakati pa zida zozimitsa moto umaposa mapazi a 500, kutayika kwa mkangano wa payipi ya madzi kudzachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amafika pampu. Madipatimenti ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mizere iwiri ya 212-inch kapena 3-inch imatha kuloleza madzi okwanira; koma kawirikawiri, gawo laling'ono chabe la madzi omwe alipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Chipaipi chachikulu cham'mimba mwake [(LDH) mainchesi 312 ndi chokulirapo] chikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zozimitsa moto; koma limabweretsanso ena mwa mavuto omwe takambirana m’ndime ziwiri zotsatirazi.
Choyipa china cha mapangidwe amtsogolo ndikuti zida za injini zili pafupi ndi nyumba yozimitsa moto, ndipo zida za elevator sizingafike pamalo abwino. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa kampani yachiwiri yokhwima, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachita mosiyana ndi injini yoyamba yokhwima. Misewu yopapatiza imakulitsa vutolo. Ngati zida za injini zokha sizikhala chopinga, ndiye kuti payipi yoperekera yomwe ili pamsewu ndiyotheka. LDH yolipitsidwa idzayambitsa zopinga zazikulu pazida zotsatila za Ladder Company.
LDH yopanda malire imathanso kuyambitsa mavuto. Posachedwapa, moto unabuka m’masitolo otsatizanatsatizana ku Long Island, New York, ndipo nsanja ina inayesa kuyendetsa chingwe chouma cha mainchesi 5 choyalidwa ndi injini imene inatha nthaŵi yoyamba. Kulumikizana komwe kunagwidwa pamphepete mwa gudumu lakumbuyo, kuthyola mwendo wa ozimitsa moto pazitsulo zozimitsa moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chingwecho chisagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mfundo yowonjezera yokhudzana ndi zida za makwerero ndi mizere yoperekera: onetsetsani kuti wozunzayo ndi wotuluka kunja asatsitsidwe modzidzimutsa pa hose, motero kupanga payipi yogwira ntchito bwino.
Mosiyana kapena "moto-to-water", zida za injini zimayimitsidwa koyamba m'nyumba yamoto. Ngati mamembala apeza moto womwe umafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito, amachotsa mapaipi okwanira okhala ndi milomo kuti atumizidwe mkati ndi kuzungulira nyumbayo. M'nyumba zamitundu yambiri, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mipope yokwanira kuti ifike pamalo oyaka moto popanda "kufupikitsa". Malinga ndi chizindikiro chochokera kwa wogwira ntchito pamphuno, wogwira ntchitoyo kapena membala wina wosankhidwa, dalaivala amapita ku chopozera chozimitsa moto chotsatira, amachiyesa, amachipukuta, ndikugwirizanitsa payipi yamadzi. Ngati membala akumana ndi moto wowopsa, akhoza "kuyika" chogwirira chachiwiri m'nyumba yozimitsa moto kuti agwiritse ntchito ndi kampani ina ya injini kapena kuyala mapaipi akulu akulu kuti apereke mapaipi a makwerero kapena makwerero a nsanja. Dipatimenti Yozimitsa Moto ku New York City (NY) pafupifupi imagwiritsa ntchito kuyala mobwerera kumbuyo (kotchedwa "kuwongolera" mwachidule).
Ubwino wa kuyala m'mbuyo umaphatikizapo kusiya kutsogolo ndi mbali za nyumba yozimitsa moto kuti aike zida za kampani ya makwerero; kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ogwira ntchito chifukwa dalaivala amatha kulumikiza cholumikizira chamoto padera; kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi omwe alipo chifukwa injini ili pa chopozera moto.
Choyipa chimodzi cha makonzedwe am'mbuyo ndikuti zida zilizonse zozikidwa pazida zimachotsedwa mu zida zanzeru pokhapokha ngati chowongolera moto chili pafupi ndi nyumba yozimitsa moto. Choyipa china ndi chakuti pangakhale chogwirira chachitali choyala komanso kufunikira kwa kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwapampu, komwe kungathe kugonjetsedwa ndi "kudzaza" mapaipi aliwonse a 134 kapena 2 inchi ndi payipi ya inchi 212 kuti muchepetse kugundana. Njirayi imalolanso mwayi wochotsa payipi ya 134-inch kapena 2-inchi ndikugwiritsa ntchito chogwirira chachikulu zinthu zikawonongeka komanso zikufunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kulumikiza nyenyezi yokhala ndi zipata kapena chipangizo cha "wakuba madzi" ku hose ya 212 inchi kumapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Ku FDNY, kutalika kwa sikisi (mamita 300) a mapaipi a 134-inch amaloledwa kusunga kuthamanga kwa pampu (PDP) mkati mwa malo otetezeka komanso oyenera. Makampani ambiri amangotenga mautali anayi, ndikuchepetsanso PDP yofunikira.
Kuyipa kwina kwa kuyala mobwerera m'mbuyo ndikuti nthawi zambiri sikutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizidwa kale. Ngakhale kuti izi ndi zoona, ndipo kulumikiza kusanachitike kumalola kutumizidwa mwamsanga kwa mizere ya manja, ozimitsa moto adalira kwambiri, ndipo masiku ano ozimitsa moto ochepa amatha kuwerengera molondola kukula kwa mizere yamanja. Vuto lalikulu ndi mizere yolumikizidwa kale lingakhale "kukula kumodzi kumagwirizana ndi zonse". Pamene mapaipi satalika mokwanira, izi zingayambitse kuchedwa kwambiri kuthirira moto. Pokhapokha ngati akonzekeratu kuti awonjezere payipi yolumikizidwa kale-izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito nyenyezi zomwe zili ndi zitseko ndi zochulukirachulukira-moto ukhoza kutuluka mwachangu.
Kumbali ina, nthawi zina mzere wolumikizidwa kale umakhala wautali kwambiri. Pamoto waposachedwapa, injini yoyamba inali kutsogolo kwa nyumba yozimitsa moto, ndipo pafupifupi mamita 100 okha a payipi ankafunika kuti afike kumalo oyaka moto ndikuphimba bwino nyumba ya banja limodzi. Tsoka ilo, mapaipi awiri omwe adalumikizidwa kale pa bedi la payipi yolumikizidwa anali onse 200 m'litali. Kuchuluka kwa kinking kunachititsa kuti madzi awonongeke kwambiri, okwanira kukakamiza gulu la nozzle kuchoka pamoto.
Mwina njira yabwino ndikukonzekeretsa zida za injini iliyonse ndi katundu wa payipi, kulola kuyala mowongoka ndi m'mbuyo. Njirayi imalola kusinthasintha kwakukulu posankha hydrant ndikuyika zida.
Mpaka cha m'ma 1950, makampani ambiri a injini anali makampani a "zidutswa ziwiri", opangidwa ndi galimoto yapaipi yokhala ndi mapaipi, zopangira, ndi ma nozzles, ndi injini yokhala ndi mapampu ndi madoko oyamwa. Ngolo ya payipi idzakhala pafupi ndi nyumba yozimitsa moto kuti zithandize kufupikitsa kutalika kwa chingwe chokoka ndikulipira mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito "chubu chagalimoto". Injiniyo idzapereka madzi kuchokera ku chopozera moto kupita ku chonyamulira. Ngakhale masiku ano, mapampu atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo njira zambiri zoperekera madzi zamoto zimafuna kuti injini yoyamba ikhazikitsidwe pafupi ndi nyumba yozimitsa moto, pokhapokha ngati chowongolera moto chili pafupi, injini yachiwiri imalumikizidwa ndi chowongolera moto ndipo imapereka yoyamba. .
Ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito makampani awiri a injini kuti amange njira yoperekera madzi ndikuyika injini yoyamba pafupi ndi nyumba yozimitsa moto kuti atumize mwachangu zida zolumikizidwa kale. Popeza maofesi ambiri ozimitsa moto ali ndi antchito otsika kwambiri, utali wa chingwe chamanja uyenera kukhala waufupi momwe ungathere. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha mtunda wautali woyankha, ntchito zambiri zowononga moto zimayamba ndi madzi owonjezera mpaka injini yachiwiri ikufika kuti ikhazikitse madzi abwino.
Ubwino wa njira iyi pakuyika molunjika kapena kutsogolo ndikuti pamene malo a hydrant apitilira mapazi 500, injini yachiwiri imatha kubweretsa madzi ku injini yoyamba ndikugonjetsa malire aliwonse osokonekera pamzere woperekera. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mapaipi akuluakulu kumapangitsa kuti madzi azigwira ntchito bwino. Pamene kutalika kwa nyumba yozimitsa moto ndipamwamba kuposa chowotchera moto ndipo kuthamanga kwa static kumakhala kofooka, njirayi idzakhalanso yopindulitsa m'madera okwera kwambiri. Zina zomwe zingafunike mgwirizano wamakampani awiri a injini kuti akhazikitse madzi ndi izi:
Njira zenizeni zomwe makampani awiri a injini amagwiritsira ntchito kukhazikitsa njira yoperekera madzi zidzadalira momwe msewu ulili, kufunikira kwa makampani a makwerero kuti alowe m'nyumba yozimitsa moto, ndi njira yoyankhira injini iliyonse. Njira zotsatirazi zilipo:
Injini yachiwiri yogwiritsira ntchito imatha kutenga chingwe choperekera chomwe chatsekedwa pamoto wamoto ndi injini yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito, kugwirizanitsa ndi kulipira; injini yachiwiri yomwe yatha imatha kudutsa yoyamba ndikuyikidwa mu chopozera moto; yachiwiri Injini yomwe yatha imatha kubwezeredwa ku injini yoyamba pamsewu ndikuyika mu chopozera moto; kapena ngati nthawi ndi mtunda ziloleza, chingwe choperekera chikhoza kutambasulidwa ndi dzanja.
Choyipa chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito makampani awiri a injini kukhazikitsa madzi osalekeza kuchokera ku gwero limodzi ndikuti ndikofanana ndi kuika mazira onse operekedwa ndi madzi mumtanga umodzi. Pakachitika kulephera kwamakina, kutsekeka kwa chingwe choyamwa kapena kulephera kwa bomba lamoto, sipadzakhalanso kuchepa kwa madzi pomwe makampani a injini amakonza zida zawo zozimitsa moto. Lingaliro langa ndilakuti ngati injini yachitatu nthawi zambiri sichimaperekedwa ku alamu yozimitsa moto, chonde ifunseni posachedwa. Injini yachitatu iyenera kukhala pamalo ena ozimitsa moto pafupi ndi nyumba yozimitsa moto, ndipo khalani okonzeka kuyika zogwirira ntchito kapena kupereka mizere yoperekera mwadzidzidzi ngati pakufunika.
Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi njira yanji yoperekera madzi yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, malinga ngati chowotcha chamoto chili pafupi ndi nyumba yamoto, chiyenera kuganiziridwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachotsa kufunikira kwa injini yachiwiri kuti ipangitse mphamvu injini yoyamba ndikumasula nthawi kuti injini yachiwiri ipeze chopopera chake chozimitsa moto, potero imapatsa madzi owonjezera. Ndikofunika kuti musanagwiritse ntchito chowongolera moto, injini yachiwiri yomwe ikutha ikuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chowotcha chozimitsa moto chomwe chimatha nthawi yayitali chili ndi chowongolera "chabwino" ndipo sichidzayenda popanda madzi opitilira. Kulankhulana pakati pa akuluakulu amakampani a injini ndi/kapena madalaivala ndikofunikira.
Chombo chozimitsa moto chomwe chimasankhidwa ndi kampani yokonda injini chiyenera kukhala pafupi ndi nyumba yozimitsa moto, koma osati pafupi kwambiri, kuti musaike dalaivala ndi chobowola pangozi. Kwa moto wotsogola ukafika, kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi apansi kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa; komabe, kukula komwe kungathe kuchitika kwa malo ogwa ndi nkhani za kutentha kowala ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Zoopsa zina ndi utsi wochuluka ndi magalasi akugwa, zomwe zingayambitse kuvulala koopsa ndi kudula mapaipi.
Pamoto wambiri, palibe ngozi yakugwa ndi kutentha kowala. Choncho, kuganizira kokha posankha chowotcha moto ndi chiwerengero cha ma hoses omwe amafunikira kuti afikire moto komanso kufunikira kwa zida za elevator kuti zilowe m'nyumba yamoto bwino. Pamene misewu ili yopapatiza kapena yodzaza ndi magalimoto oimitsidwa, malo a kampani ya injini angakhale ovuta. Kodi woyendetsa injini angatani kuti zipangizo zake zisamayandikire makwerero, n’kuthandizabe kuika chogwiriracho mofulumira komanso mogwira mtima pamoto?
Yankho la funsoli likukhudzana ndi zinthu ziwiri zofananira - doko loyamwa pampu lomwe liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kutalika ndi mtundu wa kulumikizana koyamwa (payipi) komwe kulipo. Ma injini amakono ambiri ali ndi zipata zolowera kutsogolo. Chidutswa cha "soft casing" nthawi zambiri chimalumikizidwa kale kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo. (Zida zina zoyamwa zimakhala ndi zokoka kumbuyo-m'malo mwa zoyamwa kutsogolo kapena zowonjezera.) Ngakhale kuti kulumikiza chisanadze payipi si vuto, chizoloŵezi chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kutsogolo chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake kungakhale. M'misewu yopapatiza, kugwiritsa ntchito kuyamwa kutsogolo nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuti woyendetsa injini alowetse zida zake "mphuno" muzitsulo zozimitsa moto, kutsekereza msewu ndi kuwononga zida zomwe zimabwera pambuyo pake. Kufupikitsa gawo la mtanda wa paipi yofewa yofewa, vuto limakula. Pokhapokha ngati injiniyo ili pamalo abwino, mipaipi yofewa yofewa imakhalanso ndi ma kink, omwe satheka.
Dalaivala ayenera kukhala wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito doko lililonse loyamwa pa chipangizo chake malinga ndi kukula kwa malo omwe angathe. Mapampu ovoteledwa pa 1,000 gpm ndi kupitilira apo ali ndi madoko akulu (akuluakulu) okhala ndi zitseko za mainchesi 212 kapena 3 mbali iliyonse. Kuyamwa m'mbali kumakhala kothandiza chifukwa amalola zida za injini kuyimitsidwa molingana ndi chopozera moto, kuti msewu ukhale wosawoneka bwino. Ngati kugwirizana kwa theka-rigid kuyamwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa kuyamwa kofewa, kinking sichidzakhala vuto. Ngati mulibe payipi yoyamwa yolimba pang'ono, lingalirani kukulunga payipi yofewa mozungulira kumbuyo kwa chopozera moto kuti muchepetse ma kinks. Paipi yofewa yoyamwa iyenera kukhala yayitali mokwanira kuti izi zitheke. Kuganiziranso kwina mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuyamwa m'mbali ndikuti doko loyamwa m'mbali silimatsekeredwa. Osachepera kawiri pamene ndinayesa kutsegula valavu ya kutsogolo kwa chipata choyamwa, pamene ndinatembenuza gudumu lowongolera pa gulu la mpope, ndodo ya ulusi pakati pa chipata ndi gudumu lowongolera inakhala yotayirira, ndikupangitsa kuyamwa kutsogolo kukhala kosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwamwayi, izi sizinachitikepo pazovuta kwambiri.
Musanyalanyaze zipata; Zitha kukhala zamtengo wapatali pamene matalala, magalimoto, ndi zinyalala zimatsekereza zida zozimitsa moto, kulepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zofewa kapena zolimba. Pazochitikazi, "waya wowuluka" wa mamita 50 akhoza kunyamulidwa, wokhala ndi payipi ya mainchesi 3 kapena kuposerapo, kuti athandize kufika pamoto.
Mavuto akabuka, monga momwe zimachitikira pamoto waukulu, makampani angapo a injini zama alamu amayenera kulumikiza payipi yolimba ku chopozera moto kuti athetse chiwopsezo cha kugwa kwa payipi yofewa kapena yolimba.
Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira nthunzi, ganizirani kulumikiza valavu ya mpira kapena valavu yachipata ku nozzle ya 212-inch fire hydrant. Kenako mutha kulumikiza payipi yoperekera madzi polowera pachipata kuti mupereke mphamvu zowonjezera, zomwe zitha kukhala zothandiza pakayaka moto m'nyumba zopanda anthu, nyumba zamatabwa zolumikizidwa kapena zotalikirana, ndi madera akuluakulu a "okhometsa msonkho".
M'madera amtengo wapatali kumene ma hydrants ali otalikirana kwambiri, injini imodzi ikhoza kulumikizidwa ndi ma hydrants awiri. Mizinda ina imakhalabe ndi makina operekera madzi othamanga kwambiri, omwe angalole injini ziwiri kugawana chopozera moto.
M'nyengo yozizira, ganizirani kuphimba mfundo zonse zoyamwa zoyamwa ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu kuti muteteze chipale chofewa ndi icing, zomwe zingatseke payipi kapena zotchingira zazimayi kuti zizizungulira momasuka.
Dalaivala wamkulu wa FDNY Engine Company 48 adapanga mawu oti "zowopsa mphindi ziwiri" pofotokoza zomwe zidachitika kwa mphindi ziwiri zoyendetsa injini yoyamba pamalo pomwe moto unayaka. Pasanathe mphindi ziwiri (kapena kucheperapo), dalaivala ayenera kuyika zida za injini pafupi ndi chowongolera moto, kuthamangira kuyesa ndikutsuka chowongolera moto, kulumikiza payipi yoyatsira, kubaya madzi mu mpope, ndikulumikiza chogwirira ndi chitseko chotulutsa (kapena onetsetsani kuti Bedi lolumikizidwa la payipi limachotsedwa pa payipi), ndipo mpope wachitapo kanthu. Tikukhulupirira kuti ntchito zonsezi zatha wapolisi asanaitane madzi. Monga dalaivala, dzina limodzi lomwe simulifuna ndi "Sahara".
Ngati izi sizili udindo wokwanira, ndiye kuti mphindi ziwiri zomwe tafotokozazi ndizowopsya kwambiri mumzinda wamkati, chifukwa pali mafunso anayi ofunika kupeza mayankho:
3. Ngati chopozera moto chili chowongoka ndi chokhazikika, kodi madzi amayenda panthawi yoyezetsa, kapena adzasweka kapena kuzizira?
4. Ngati chopozera moto chikugwira ntchito bwino, kodi chivundikirocho chingachotsedwe mkati mwa nthawi yokwanira kuti mulumikizane ndi payipi yoyamwa?
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino zovuta zomwe zida zozimitsa moto zimakumana nazo m'malo owonongeka kwambiri komanso chifukwa chake nkhani zinayizi zili zofunika kwambiri, lingalirani zochitika zitatu zotsatirazi.
Dalaivala wa kampani yotanganidwa ya South Bronx Engine anachitapo kanthu poyamba chifukwa cha moto m'nyumba yogwirira ntchito. Atayima kutsogolo kwa nyumba yozimitsa motoyo kuti alole chogwiriracho chiwonjezeke, adapitilizabe kupeza cholumikizira chozimitsa moto panjira. “Chitsime chozimitsira moto” choyamba chimene anapeza sichinali chotengera chozimira moto, koma chidebe chochepa chotuluka pansi—chopozera motocho chinali chitatheratu! Pamene ankapitiriza kufufuza, chopozera chozimitsa moto china chimene anapeza chinali chagona m’mbali mwake. Potsirizira pake, anaona chopozera moto chowongoka, pafupifupi mdadada umodzi ndi theka kuchokera panyumba yozimitsa motoyo; mwamwayi zinaoneka kuti zikugwira ntchito. Ena m’kampani yake anadandaula kwa masiku angapo ponena za utali umene anachotsa ndi kupakidwanso payipi, koma dalaivala anagwira ntchito yake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akuyenda mosalekeza akakumana ndi mavuto aakulu.
Dalaivala wamkulu wochokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Bronx atafika, adawona moto wowopsa pawindo la nyumba yapanyumba yomwe anthu amakhalamo. Pali chopopera moto m'mphepete mwa msewu pafupi, chomwe chikuwoneka chofulumira komanso chosavuta kulumikiza. Koma maonekedwe angakhale achinyengo. Dalaivala anaika wrench pa mtedza opangira opaleshoni ndikutsegula ndi lever, ndipo chopozera moto chonse chinagwera mbali imodzi! Koma asanapite kumalo opangira moto wotsatira, adadziwitsa akuluakulu ake kudzera pawailesi yonyamula madzi kuti madzi achedwa (ndipo adadziwitsa kampani ya injini yomwe imayenera kubwerezedwa kachiwiri, pokhapokha ngati ikufunika thandizo).
Kuphatikiza pa kufotokozera kuchedwa kulikonse kapena nkhani zina, pamene madzi mu thanki yopanikizidwa amaperekedwa ndi lamba lamanja, akuluakulu kapena gulu lamphuno liyenera kudziwitsidwa za izi. Madzi a pompopompo akapezeka, chidziwitsochi chiyeneranso kuperekedwa kwa akuluakulu ndi gulu la nozzle kuti athe kusintha njira zawo moyenerera. Palinso mfundo ina: madalaivala abwino nthawi zonse amakhala ndi thanki yowonjezera yowonjezera panthawi yogwira ntchito, monga njira yotetezera, ngati chowongolera moto chikusowa madzi.
Ndipereka chitsanzo changa kuti ndiwonetsere zovuta zomwe nthawi zambiri amakumana nazo poyesa kuchotsa chivundikiro chachikulu kuchokera pa cholumikizira cholumikizira chowongolera moto. Popeza kuti chipangizo cholimbana ndi zowonongeka ndi chivundikirocho zimakakamira kapena kuzizira pamalo ake, madalaivala a kampani yathu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyundo kugunda chivundikiro chilichonse, pogwiritsa ntchito nkhonya zingapo. Kumenya chipewa motere kudzamwaza zinyalala zomwe zatsekeredwa mu ulusi, ndipo kapu imatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta. Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, ndinapatsidwa ntchito yotsegula kampani ya injini ku Upper Manhattan. Pafupifupi 5:30 m’maŵa, chifukwa cha moto m’nyumba ya mabanja ambiri, imene pambuyo pake inatsimikizira kukhala moto wakupha, tinatumizidwa kaye. Chifukwa cha chizolowezi, ndidayika maul ya mapaundi 8 koyambirira kwa ulendowu pamalo odziwika bwino, ngati ndingafune. Zoonadi, chivindikiro cha chopozera moto chomwe ndidasankha chinafuna kugogoda kangapo kuti achotse chivindikirocho ndi wrench. Ngati kukwapula kangapo ndi nkhwangwa (kapena kumbuyo kwa nkhwangwa, ngati kulibe nyundo) sikumamasula chivundikirocho mokwanira kuti chichotsedwe, mutha kutsitsa gawo la chitoliro kudzera pachiwopsezo cha chowongolera chowongolera moto kuti mupindule kwambiri. Sindikupangira kuti ndawonapo wrench ikupindika ndikusweka pogogoda pa chogwirira cha wrench yomwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zozimitsa moto kumafuna kuwoneratu zam'tsogolo, kuphunzitsidwa komanso kulingalira mwachangu pamalo oyaka moto. Zida zamainjini ziyenera kukhala ndi zida zothandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zamadzi, ndipo madalaivala azikhala ndi mawayilesi onyamula kuti azilumikizana bwino ndi moto. Pali mabuku ambiri abwino kwambiri okhudza ntchito zamakampani a injini ndi njira zoperekera madzi; chonde funsani kwa iwo kuti mumve zambiri pamipaipi yomwe yafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi ndi mitu ina yofananira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-01-2021
