Mhando sere dzechikamu chemagetsi chiteshi chevharuvhu modhi

Mhando sere dzechikamu chemagetsi chiteshi chevharuvhu modhi

Mudziyo unokwanisa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura mupombi nekushandura chikamu chepombi chinonzi vharafu kana chikamu chevharuvhu. Basa guru revhavha mupombi ndere: yakabatana kana truncated medium; Kudzivirira media backflow; Gadzirisa kudzvanywa, kuyerera uye mamwe ma parameter epakati; Kuparadzanisa, kusanganisa, kana kugovera midhiya; Dzivirira kudzvanywa kwepakati kunopfuura kukosha kwakatarwa, kuitira kuchengetedza mugwagwa kana mudziyo, kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo.
Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji, vharafu muindasitiri, kuvaka, zvekurima, dziviriro yenyika, tsvakiridzo yesainzi uye hupenyu hwevanhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekushandiswa kwekuwedzera kwakajairika, chave chiitiko chemunhu munzvimbo imwe neimwe yepasi rose michina zvigadzirwa zvakakosha. .
Mavharuvhu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muinjiniya yepombi. Kune marudzi akawanda emavharuvhu ezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura, zvivako zvitsva, zvinhu zvitsva uye kushandiswa kutsva kwemavharuvhu zvakagadzirwa. Kuti ubatanidze zviyero zvekugadzira, asiwo kune kusarudzwa kwakaringana uye kuzivikanwa kwevhavha, kuitira kufambisa kugadzirwa, kuisirwa uye kutsiva, maratidziro evharuvhu anomira, generalization, serialization direction budiriro.
Kukamurwa kwemavharuvhu:
Ivhavhavha yeindasitiri yakazvarwa mushure mekugadzirwa kweinjini yeutsi, mumakore makumi maviri kana makumi matatu apfuura, nekuda kwepetroleum, makemikari, chiteshi chemagetsi, goridhe, ngarava, simba renyukireya, aerospace uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinodikanwa, zvakaisa mberi zvinodiwa vharafu, kuitira kuti vanhu tsvakurudzo uye kugadzirwa yakakwirira parameters vharafu, kushanda kwayo tembiricha kubva yokutanga tembiricha -269 ℃ kusvika 1200 ℃, kunyange yakakwirira sezvo 3430 ℃; Kumanikidza kwekushanda kwaive kubva ku1.33 × 10-8Pa (1 × 10ˉ10mmHg) mu supervacuum kusvika 1460MPa mukudzvinyirira. Saizi yevhavha inotangira pa1mm kusvika 6000mm uye inosvika 9750mm. Mavharuvhu emidziyo kubva kusimbi yakakandwa, kabhoni simbi, kusimudzira kusvika titanium uye titanium alloy simbi, uye yakanyanya kusaora simbi, yakaderera tembiricha simbi uye kupisa inodzivirira simbi vharafu. Nzira yekufambisa yevharuvhu kubva kusimba rekusimudzira kusvika kumagetsi, pneumatic, hydraulic, kusvikira purogiramu inodzora, mhepo, kureba, nezvimwewo.
Zvinoenderana nebasa revharuvhu yakavhurika uye yakavharika, nzira dzekuisa mavharuvhu dzakawanda, pano kusuma zvinotevera akati wandei.
1. Kurongwa nekushanda uye kushandiswa
(1) vharafu yekumisa: valve yekumisa inozivikanwawo sevhavha yakavharwa, basa rayo nderekubatanidza kana kucheka svikiro mupombi. Mavharuvhu akachekwa anosanganisira mavharuvhu egedhi, mavharuvhu epasi, mavharuvhu epuragi, mavharuvhu ebhora, mavharuvhu eshavishavi uye mavharuvhu ediaphragm.

(2) cheki vharafu: cheki vharafu, inozivikanwawo secheki vharafu kana cheki vharafu, basa rayo nderekudzivirira yepakati mupombi kuyerera kumashure. Kusveta kwepombi yemvura kubva pavharuvhu yepasi zvakare ndeye cheki vharuvhu.
(3) vhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha?
(4) dhizaini yekudzora: kirasi yevhavha yekudzora inosanganisira yekudzora vharafu, throttle vharafu uye kumanikidza kuderedza valve, basa rayo nderekugadzirisa kudzvanywa kwepakati, kuyerera uye mamwe matatu.
(5) shunt valve: chikamu cheshunt valve chinosanganisira marudzi ese ekugovera mavharuvhu uye misungo, nezvimwewo, basa rayo nderekugovera, kuparadzanisa kana kusanganisa svikiro mupombi.
2. Kuronga nemazita ekumanikidza
(1) Vacuum valve: inoreva vharafu iyo kushanda kwayo kwakaderera pane yakajairwa atmospheric pressure.
(2) low pressure valve: inoreva kudzvinyirirwa kwezita PN ≤ 1.6mpa valve.
(3) yepakati pressure valve: inoreva kudzvanywa kwezita PN ndeye 2.5, 4.0, 6.4Mpa vharafu.
(4) High pressure valve: inoreva vheji iyo ine simba rePN iri 10 ~ 80Mpa.
(5) Ultra-high pressure valve: inoreva vharafu ine zita rekumanikidza PN≥100Mpa.
3. Classification nekushanda tembiricha
(1) tembiricha vharafu: rinoshandiswa zvepakati kushanda tembiricha T-100 ℃ vharafu.
(2) yakaderera tembiricha vharafu: rinoshandiswa zvepakati kushanda tembiricha -100℃≤ T ≤-40℃ vharafu.
(3) yakajairika tembiricha vharafu: rinoshandiswa zvepakati kushanda tembiricha -40℃≤ T ≤120℃ vharafu.
(4) yepakati tembiricha vharafu: inoshandiswa kwepakati kushanda tembiricha ye120 ℃
(5) yakakwira tembiricha vharafu: inoshandiswa kwepakati tembiricha yekushanda T450 ℃ vharafu.
4. Kuronga nekutyaira mode

(1) Automatic valve inoreva vharuvhu isingade simba rekunze kuti ityaire, asi inovimba nesimba repakati pachayo kuita kuti vharuvhu iite. Zvakadai sevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha,musungo,cheki vharuvhu,otomatiki control valve zvichingodaro.
(2) Simba revhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhaivhainogona kushandisaasiyana siyana simba kutyaira.
Varuvhu yemagetsi: Vhuru inofambiswa nemagetsi.
Pneumatic valve: valve inotungamirirwa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa.
Hydraulic valve: Vhuru inofambiswa nekumanikidzwa kwemvura yakaita semafuta.
Uye zvakare, kune akati wandei masanganiswa epamusoro nzira dzekutyaira, senge gasi-magetsi mavharuvhu.
(3) Manual valve: manual valve nerubatsiro rwevhiri remaoko, mubato, lever, sprocket, nemanpower kudzora chiito chevhavha. Kana iyo vharafu yekuvhura uye yekuvhara torque yakakura, vhiri kana worm giya rekudzikisira rinogona kuiswa pakati pevhiri reruoko netsinde yevharuvhu. Kana zvichidikanwa, majoini epasirese uye dhiraivha shafts inogona zvakare kushandiswa kushanda kure.
Muchidimbu, nzira dzekuisa mavharuvhu dzakawanda, asi kunyanya zvichienderana nebasa rayo muchikamu chepombi. General mavharuvhu mumaindasitiri uye civil engineering anogona kukamurwa muzvikamu gumi nerimwe, zvinoti gedhi vharafu, vharafu yepasi, plug vharafu, bhora vharafu, butterfly vharafu, diaphragm vharafu, cheki vharafu, throttle vharafu, kuchengetedza vharafu, kumanikidza kuderedza vharafu uye musungo vharafu. Mamwe mavharuvhu akakosha, akadai semavharuvhu emidziyo, hydraulic control pipeline system mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu anoshandiswa mune akasiyana makemikari muchina nemidziyo, haasi mukati mechikamu chebhuku rino.
5. Kurongwa nemazita dhayamita
(1) Diki dhayamita vharafu: zita dhayamita DN≤40mm vharafu.
(2) Epakati dhayamita vharafu: zita dhayamita DN ye50 ~ 300mm vharafu.
(3) Hombe dhayamita vharafu: zita vharafu DN ye350 ~ 1200mm vharafu.
(4) Hombe dhayamita vharafu: zita dhayamita DN≥1400mm vharafu.
6. Kuronga maererano nemaitiro ekugadzirisa
(1) kuvharwa: nzvimbo dzekuvhura nekuvhara (disc) inotyairwa netsinde yevharuvhu pamwe nepakati pemutsara wechigaro chevharuvhu yekusimudza kufamba;
(2) chimiro chejongwe: nzvimbo dzekuvhura nekuvhara (vharuvhu yegedhi) inofambiswa nevharuvhu hunde pamwe nepakati mutsara perpendicular kuchigaro chekusimudza kufamba;
(3) plug vharafu: kuvhura nekuvhara zvikamu (cone plug kana bhora) kutenderedza yepakati mutsara kutenderera;
(4) vharafu yekuvhura: nzvimbo dzekuvhura nekuvhara (valve disc) inotenderera neaxis kunze kwechigaro;
(5) Butterfly line: zvikamu zvekuvhura nekuvhara (disk) zvinotenderera kune yakagadziriswa axis pachigaro;
(6) Slide valve line: iyo yekuvhura uye yekuvhara zvikamu inotsvedza munzira inotenderera kune chiteshi.
7. Kuronga nenzira yekubatanidza
(1) Threaded yekubatanidza vharuvhu: muviri wevharuvhu neshinda yemukati kana yekunze shinda, uye pombi tambo yekubatanidza.
(2) Flanged yekubatanidza vharafu: vharafu muviri une flanges, uye pombi flange kubatana.
(3) Welding yekubatanidza vharuvhu: muviri wevharuvhu une welding groove, welding kubatana nepombi.
(4) Chivhariso chekubatanidza vharafu: muviri wevharuvhu wakabatana nepombi inosungirira ine chirambi.
(5) Sleeve yekubatanidza vharafu: sleeve yekubatanidza nepombi.
(6) Clamp yekubatanidza vharafu: bhaudhi yakananga kuvharuvhu uye migumo miviri yepombi inosunga pamwechete.
8. Rongedza zvinoenderana nemuviri
(1) Metal material valve: muviri wayo wevharuvhu uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinogadzirwa nesimbi. Zvakadai sesimbi yakakandwa vharafu, kabhoni simbi vharafu, alloy simbi vharafu, copper alloy vharafu, aruminiyamu alloy vharafu, lead alloy vharafu, titanium alloy vharafu, monel alloy vharafu, nezvimwe.
(2) isiri-metallic material valve: muviri wevharuvhu uye zvimwe zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi. Zvakadai sepurasitiki vharafu, zvedongo vharafu, lined vharafu, FRP vharafu uye zvichingodaro.
(3) simbi yesimbi yakarongedzerwa vharafu: vharafu muviri chimiro isimbi, yemukati kusangana nepamusoro pepakati pepakati yakamisikidzwa, senge rabha vharafu, epurasitiki vharafu, ceramic vharafu, nezvimwe.
Power station vharafu modhi yekugadzira nzira Iyi chiyero inoshanda kune magetsi chiteshi boiler pombi system yemavharuvhu egedhi (inokurumidza dhizavhavha, yakachekwa-vharuvhu, nzira nhatu vharafu, inokurumidza kuvhura nekuvhara vharafu, inopinza vharafu yeyakanyanya-kudzvanywa heater), cheki. vharafu, high pressure heater yekubuda vharafu), vharafu yekuyamura, vharafu inogadzirisa, mvura yekugovera vharafu, by-pass vharafu, bhora vharafu, vharafu yekuyamura, throttle vharafu, plug vharafu, butterfly vharafu, steam trap, uye mvura yekumanikidza kuyedza tembiricha uye pressure-releasing valve valve ( Plug valve), etc. Mavharuvhu anoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye zvimwe zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinogonawo kureva chiyero ichi.
1 chiyero
Ichi chiyero chinoshanda kune chiteshi chemagetsi boiler pombi system yegedhi mavharuvhu (inokurumidza dhizavhavha, yakachekwa-vharuvhu, nzira nhatu vharafu, kukurumidza kuvhura uye kuvhara vharafu, inopinza vharafu yeyakanyanya-kudzvanywa heater), cheki vharafu, yakakwira yekumanikidza heater yekubuda. vharafu), vharafu yekuyamura, vharafu inogadzirisa, mvura yekugovera vharuvhu, by-pass vharafu, bhora vharafu, yekuyamura vharafu, throttle vharafu, plug vharafu, butterfly vharafu, chiutsi musungo, uye mvura kumanikidza bvunzo tembiricha uye kumanikidza-kusunungura vharafu vharafu ( Plug valve), nezvimwewo.
Mavharuvhu anoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye zvimwe zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinogona zvakare kureva chiyero ichi.
2. Nzira yekugadzira mhando dzevharuvhu
2. 1 Rudzi rwemakodhi anotaridzwa nearufabheti yefonetiki yekuChina, sezviri muTafura 1.
Tafura 1 Valve mhando yekodhi
2.2 Kodhi yekutumira ichave munhamba dzechiArab sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa muTebhura 2
2.3 Makodhi emafomu ekubatanidza anomiririrwa nenhamba dzechiArab sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa muTable 3
Tafura 2 Kodhi yevhavha simba rekufambisa modhi
Tafura 3 Valve yekubatanidza mhando kodhi
2. 4 Maumbirwo emafomu macode anoratidzwa nenhamba dzechiArab maererano netafura 4 kusvika Tafura 16.
Tafura 4 Gedhi revhavha yemaitiro kodhi
Tafura 5 Chimiro kodhi yekushisa uye kumanikidza kuderedza valve
Tafura 6 Hydraulic test valve structure code
Tafura 7 Globe valve uye throttle valve chimiro fomu kodhi
Tafura 8 Chengetedzo yevharuvhu chimiro kodhi
Tafura 9 Tarisa valve chimiro chemhando yekodhi
Tafura 10 Inodzora mavharuvhu chimiro fomu kodhi
Tafura 11 Mvura yekugovera valve yekugadzira code code
Tafura 12 Ball valve chimiro chechimiro chekodhi
Tafura 13 Kudzvinyirira kuderedza valve maitiro code
Tafura 14 Plug valve structure code
Tafura 15 Butterfly valve structure code
Tafura 16 Chimiro kodhi yemusungo
2.5 Valve chigaro chekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro kana lining material code icharatidzwa muChinese phonetic alphabet maererano netafura 17.
Tafura 17 Material kodhi yekuisa chisimbiso kumeso kana lining yechigaro chevharuvhu
2. 6 Makodhi ekumanikidza ezita anomiririrwa nenhamba dzechiArab.
Iyo unit yezita rekumanikidza iMPa
Kana tembiricha yepamusoro yepakati ≤450 ℃, iyo yezita rekumanikidza kukosha inomakwa.
Kana tembiricha yepamusoro yepakati iri 450 ℃, tembiricha yekushanda uye kumanikidza kwekushanda kuchaiswa chiratidzo neP uye iyo yakanyanya tembiricha nhamba yepakati ichaiswa mukona yezasi yekurudyi yeSHOKO P. Nhamba yacho iverengeka gumi yakakamurwa nekupisa kwakanyanya kwepakati. Zvakadai sekuti: tembiricha yekushanda i540 ℃, iyo yekushanda kumanikidza ndeye 10 MPa valve code IS P5410,
2. 7 Zvinhu kodhi yemuviri wevharuvhu icharatidzwa neChinese pinyin mavara, sezviri muTebhura 18.
Tafura 18 Body material code
3 muenzaniso
3. 1 Cylindrical gear drive, welded connection, open rod wedge type double gate valve, valve body sealing surface material is alloy simbi, kushanda nesimba i10 MPa, tembiricha yekushanda i540 ℃, valve body material ichromium platinum-vanadium simbi gedhi vharafu. , yakadai sez462H-P5, l10V cylindrical giya dhiraivha wedge mhando mbiri gedhi vharafu
3. 2 Bevel giya dhiraivha, welded yekubatanidza, yakatwasuka-kuburikidza nemhando, vharafu chigaro chisimbiso chepamusoro zvinhu ndeye alloy simbi, zita rekumanikidza ndeye 20MPa, vharafu muviri zvinhu icarbon simbi yakakwira kumanikidza globe vharafu, senge j561H-20 bevel giya dhiraivha yakatwasuka- kuburikidza nevharuvhu
3. 3 Welded, kuyerera kwakatwasuka, valve seat sealing surface material is alloy steel, nominal pressure ye4 MPa check valve, yakadai seH69H-4 straight flow check valve.
3.4 Yemukati tambo yekubatanidza, nzira nhatu dzeglobe vharafu, chigaro chevharuvha chisimbiso chepamusoro isimbi yealloy, kudzvanywa kwezita ndeye 32 VIPs, senge: J19H-32 pressure geji ine nzira nhatu dzeglobe valve.
3. 5 electric welding connection, multi-stage sleeve plunger, valve sealing surface material for hard alloy, nominal pressure is 32 MPa control valve, yakadai se: T969Y-32 yemagetsi high pressure differential control valve.