Nau'i takwas na rarrabuwar samfuran bawul ɗin tashar wutar lantarki

Nau'i takwas na rarrabuwar samfuran bawul ɗin tashar wutar lantarki

Na'urar da za ta iya sarrafa kwararar ruwa a cikin bututun ta hanyar canza sashin bututun ana kiranta valve ko ɓangaren bawul. Babban rawar da bawul a cikin bututun bututun shine: matsakaici ko matsakaici; Hana komawar kafofin watsa labarai; Daidaita matsa lamba, kwarara da sauran sigogi na matsakaici; Rarraba, haɗawa, ko rarraba kafofin watsa labarai; Hana matsakaicin matsa lamba ya wuce ƙayyadaddun ƙimar, don kiyaye hanya ko akwati, amincin kayan aiki.
Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha na zamani, bawul a cikin masana'antu, gine-gine, aikin gona, tsaron kasa, bincike na kimiyya da rayuwar mutane da sauran fannoni na amfani da ci gaba na yau da kullun, ya zama aikin ɗan adam a kowane yanki na samfuran injiniyoyi na duniya ba makawa. .
Ana amfani da bawul sosai a aikin injiniyan bututun mai. Akwai nau'ikan bawuloli da yawa don dalilai daban-daban. Musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an haɓaka sabbin abubuwa, sabbin kayan aiki da sabbin amfani da bawuloli. Don haɓaka ƙa'idodin masana'anta, amma har ma don zaɓin daidai da kuma gano bawul ɗin, don sauƙaƙe samarwa, shigarwa da sauyawa, ƙayyadaddun bawul ɗin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi ne, haɓakawa, haɓaka jagorar serialization.
Rarraba bawuloli:
An haifi bawul ɗin masana'antu bayan ƙirƙirar injin tururi, a cikin shekaru ashirin ko talatin da suka gabata, saboda man fetur, sinadarai, tashar wutar lantarki, zinare, jiragen ruwa, makamashin nukiliya, sararin samaniya da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata, ya gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma akan bawul, don haka da cewa mutane bincike da kuma samar da high sigogi na bawul, da aiki zafin jiki daga farko zazzabi -269 ℃ zuwa 1200 ℃, ko da a matsayin high as 3430 ℃; Matsin aiki ya kasance daga 1.33 × 10-8Pa (1 × 10ˉ10mmHg) a cikin supervacuum zuwa 1460MPa a cikin superpressure. Girman bawul suna daga 1mm zuwa 6000mm kuma har zuwa 9750mm. Bawul kayan daga simintin ƙarfe, carbon karfe, ci gaba zuwa titanium da titanium gami karfe, kuma mafi lalata resistant karfe, low zazzabi karfe da zafi resistant karfe bawul. Yanayin tuki na bawul daga ci gaba mai ƙarfi zuwa lantarki, pneumatic, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, har sai tsarin sarrafa shirye-shiryen, iska, kulawar nesa, da dai sauransu.
Dangane da rawar buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen bawul da kusa, hanyoyin rarraba bawul suna da yawa, anan don gabatar da da yawa masu zuwa.
1. Rarraba ta aiki da amfani
(1) bawul tasha: bawul ɗin tsayawa kuma ana saninsa da rufaffiyar bawul, aikinsa shine haɗawa ko yanke matsakaici a cikin bututun. Wuraren da aka yanke sun haɗa da bawul ɗin ƙofar, bawul ɗin duniya, bawul ɗin toshe, bawul ɗin ball, bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido da bawul ɗin diaphragm.

(2) duba bawul: duba bawul, kuma aka sani da check valve ko duba bawul, aikinsa shi ne hana matsakaici a cikin bututun ya kwarara baya. Tsotsar ruwan famfo daga bawul ɗin ƙasa shima yana cikin bawul ɗin duba.
(3) Bawul ɗin aminci: Matsayin bawul ɗin aminci shine don hana matsakaicin matsa lamba a cikin bututun ko na'ura daga wuce ƙimar da aka ƙayyade, don cimma manufar kariyar aminci.
(4) bawul mai daidaitawa: daidaita nau'in bawul gami da sarrafa bawul, bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa da rage bawul, rawarsa shine daidaita matsa lamba na matsakaici, kwarara da sauran uku.
(5) shunt bawul: nau'in shunt bawul ya haɗa da kowane nau'in bawul ɗin rarrabawa da tarko, da sauransu, aikinsa shine rarrabawa, raba ko haɗa matsakaici a cikin bututun.
2. Rarraba ta hanyar matsa lamba
(1) Bawul ɗin bawul: yana nufin bawul ɗin da matsa lamban aiki ya yi ƙasa da daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi.
(2) ƙananan bawul ɗin matsa lamba: yana nufin matsa lamba PN ≤ 1.6mpa bawul.
(3) matsakaici matsa lamba bawul: yana nufin maras muhimmanci matsa lamba PN ne 2.5, 4.0, 6.4Mpa bawul.
(4) Babban bawul: yana nufin bawul ɗin wanda matsa lamba PN shine 10 ~ 80Mpa.
(5) Ultra-high matsa lamba bawul: yana nufin bawul tare da maras muhimmanci matsa lamba PN≥100Mpa.
3. Rarraba ta wurin zafin aiki
(1) zazzabi bawul: amfani da matsakaici aiki zazzabi T-100 ℃ bawul.
(2) low zafin jiki bawul: amfani da matsakaici aiki zazzabi -100℃≤ T ≤-40 ℃ bawul.
(3) al'ada zazzabi bawul: amfani da matsakaici aiki zazzabi -40℃≤ T ≤120 ℃ bawul.
(4) matsakaicin zafin jiki bawul: amfani da matsakaici aiki zafin jiki na 120 ℃
(5) high zafin jiki bawul: amfani da matsakaici aiki zazzabi T450 ℃ bawul.
4. Rarraba ta yanayin tuƙi

(1) Bawul ɗin atomatik yana nufin bawul ɗin da baya buƙatar ƙarfin waje don fitarwa, amma ya dogara da ƙarfin matsakaicin kanta don yin aikin bawul ɗin. Kamar bawul ɗin aminci, bawul ɗin rage matsa lamba, tarko, bawul ɗin duba, bawul ɗin sarrafawa ta atomatik da sauransu.
(2) Bawul ɗin wutar lantarki: bawul ɗin tuƙin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da hanyoyin wutar lantarki iri-iri don tuƙi.
Bawul ɗin Wutar Lantarki: Bawul ɗin da wutar lantarki ke tafiyar da ita.
Bawul ɗin pneumatic: bawul ɗin da aka matsa.
Bawul ɗin Ruwa: Bawul ɗin da ke motsawa ta hanyar matsa lamba na ruwa kamar mai.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai haɗuwa da yawa na hanyoyin tuƙi na sama, kamar bawul-lantarki na gas.
(3) Bawul ɗin hannu: bawul ɗin hannu tare da taimakon dabaran hannu, hannu, lefa, sprocket, ta ikon mutum don sarrafa aikin bawul. Lokacin da ƙarfin buɗaɗɗen bawul da ƙarfin rufewa ya yi girma, ana iya saita dabaran ko mai rage kayan tsutsa tsakanin dabaran hannu da kuma tushen bawul. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya amfani da haɗin gwiwa na duniya da mashinan tuƙi don aiki mai nisa.
A taƙaice, hanyoyin rarraba bawul suna da yawa, amma galibi bisa ga rawar da yake takawa a cikin rarraba bututun. Janar bawuloli a masana'antu da aikin injiniya na farar hula za a iya raba kashi 11, wato ƙofar bawul, globe bawul, toshe bawul, ball bawul, malam buɗe ido bawul, diaphragm bawul, duba bawul, maƙura bawul, aminci bawul, matsa lamba rage bawul da tarko bawul. Sauran bawuloli na musamman, irin su bawul ɗin kayan aiki, bawul ɗin tsarin sarrafa bututun ruwa, bawul ɗin da ake amfani da su a cikin injunan sinadarai da kayan aiki daban-daban, ba su cikin iyakar wannan littafin.
5. Rarraba ta hanyar diamita mara kyau
(1) Ƙananan diamita bawul: ƙananan diamita DN≤40mm bawul.
(2) Bawul diamita matsakaici: diamita mara kyau DN na 50 ~ 300mm bawul.
(3) Babban bawul diamita: bawul ɗin maras kyau DN na 350 ~ 1200mm bawul.
(4) Babban diamita bawul: maras muhimmanci diamita DN≥1400mm bawul.
6. Rarraba bisa ga halaye na tsari
(1) rufewa: sassa na buɗewa da rufewa (disc) wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar bawul din da ke tafiya tare da tsakiyar layi na wurin zama na valve don ɗaga motsi;
(2) siffar zakara: sassa na buɗewa da rufewa (bawul ɗin ƙofar) wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar bawul din tare da layin tsakiya daidai da wurin zama don motsi motsi;
(3) bawul ɗin toshe: sassa na buɗewa da rufewa (tologin mazugi ko ball) a kusa da juyawar layinta na tsakiya;
(4) bawul ɗin buɗewa: sassan buɗewa da rufewa (bawul diski) suna jujjuya axis a waje da wurin zama;
(5) Layin malam buɗe ido: sassa na buɗewa da rufewa (faifan diski) suna kewaye da ƙayyadaddun axis a cikin wurin zama;
(6) Layin bawul ɗin zamewa: sassan buɗewa da rufewa suna zamewa a cikin shugabanci daidai da tashar.
7. Rarraba ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa
(1) Bawul ɗin haɗi mai zare: jikin bawul tare da zaren ciki ko zaren waje, da haɗin zaren bututu.
(2) Bawul ɗin haɗin haɗin flanged: jikin bawul tare da flanges, da haɗin flange na bututu.
(3) Bawul ɗin haɗin walda: jikin bawul tare da tsagi na walda, haɗin walda tare da bututun.
(4) Bawul ɗin haɗi mai haɗawa: jikin bawul ɗin yana da alaƙa tare da madaidaicin bututu tare da matsi.
(5) Bawul ɗin haɗin hannu: haɗin hannun hannu tare da bututun.
(6) Bawul ɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa: kulle kai tsaye zuwa bawul ɗin da ƙarshen biyu na manne bututu tare.
8. Rarraba bisa ga kayan jiki
(1) Bawul ɗin ƙarfe: jikin bawul ɗinsa da sauran sassa an yi su ne da kayan ƙarfe. Kamar simintin ƙarfe bawul, carbon karfe bawul, gami karfe bawul, jan alloy bawul, aluminum gami bawul, gubar gami bawul, titanium gami bawul, monel gami bawul, da dai sauransu.
(2) bawul ɗin kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba: jikin bawul da sauran sassa an yi su ne da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba. Kamar bawul ɗin filastik, bawul ɗin yumbu, bawul mai layi, bawul ɗin FRP da sauransu.
(3) Bawul ɗin jikin ƙarfe na ƙarfe: siffar jikin bawul ɗin ƙarfe ne, haɗin ciki tare da babban farfajiyar matsakaici ana liyi, kamar bawul ɗin roba, bawul ɗin filastik, bawul ɗin yumbu, da sauransu.
Hanyar ƙirar ƙirar bawul tashar wutar lantarki Wannan ma'aunin ya shafi tsarin wutar lantarki tukunyar jirgi na tsarin bututun ƙofa (bawul mai sauri, bawul mai yanke, bawul mai hanya uku, saurin buɗewa da bawul ɗin rufewa, bawul ɗin mashiga na dumama mai matsa lamba), duba. bawul, babban matsa lamba hita kanti bawul), taimako bawul, regulating bawul, ruwa rarraba bawul, by-wuce bawul, ball bawul, bawul taimako bawul, maƙura bawul, toshe bawul, malam buɗe ido bawul, tururi tarkon, da kuma ruwa matsa lamba gwada zazzabi da kuma Bawul mai sakin matsa lamba (Plug valve), da sauransu. Valves da ake amfani da su a tashoshin wutar lantarki da sauran tashoshin wutar lantarki na iya komawa ga wannan ma'auni.
1 iyaka
Wannan ma'auni ya shafi tsarin wutar lantarki na bututun bututu na ƙofar bawul (bawul mai sauri, bawul mai yanke, bawul mai hanya uku, bawul mai sauri da rufewa, bawul ɗin matsi mai dumbin dumama), duba bawul, babban kanti mai zafi. bawul), bawul ɗin taimako, bawul mai daidaitawa, bawul ɗin rarraba ruwa, bawul ɗin wucewa, bawul ɗin ball, bawul ɗin taimako, bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa, bawul ɗin bawul, bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido, tarkon tururi, da matsa lamba na ruwa suna gwada zafin jiki da bawul ɗin fitarwa mai matsa lamba ( Toshe bawul), da dai sauransu.
Valves da ake amfani da su a tashoshin wutar lantarki da sauran tashoshin wutar lantarki na iya komawa ga wannan ma'auni.
2. Hanyar tattara samfuran bawul
2. 1 Nau'in lambobi ana nuna su ta haruffan sautin sauti na kasar Sin, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Tebu 1.
Tebur 1 Lambar nau'in Valve
2.2 Lambar watsawa za ta kasance cikin lambobin Larabci kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin Tebu 2
2.3 Ana wakilta lambobin form ɗin haɗin kai a cikin lambobin Larabci kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin Tebu 3
Table 2 Lambar yanayin watsa wutar bawul
Tebur 3 lambar nau'in haɗin Valve
2. 4 Lambobin tsarin tsari an bayyana su a cikin lambobi na Larabci bisa ga tebur 4 zuwa tebur 16.
Table 4 Ƙofar bawul tsarin code
Tebur 5 Tsarin tsari na zafin jiki da bawul mai rage matsa lamba
Tebura 6 Lambar tsarin bawul gwajin gwaji na hydraulic
Teburin 7 Globe bawul da lambar ƙirar tsarin bawul ɗin maƙura
Tebur 8 Lambar tsarin bawul mai aminci
Tebura 9 Duba nau'in nau'in tsarin bawul
Tebura 10 Ƙaddamar da lambar tsari na bawul
Tebura 11 Lambar tsarin rarraba ruwa mai rarraba ruwa
Tebura 12 Lambar tsarin tsarin bawul
Table 13 Matsa lamba rage tsarin tsarin bawul
Table 14 Toshe bawul tsarin code
Tebura 15 Lambar tsarin bawul na Butterfly
Table 16 Tsarin tsarin tarko
2.5 Bawul wurin rufe saman saman ko lambar kayan rufi za a nuna shi a cikin haruffan sautin muryar Sinanci bisa ga tebur 17.
Tebur 17 Lambar kayan abu don rufe fuska ko rufin kujerar bawul
2. 6 Lambobin matsa lamba na suna suna wakiltar lambobin larabci.
Naúrar matsin lamba shine MPa
Lokacin da mafi girman zafin jiki na matsakaici ≤450 ℃, ƙimar matsa lamba na ƙima yana alama.
Lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki na matsakaici shine 450 ℃, zafin aiki da matsa lamba na aiki dole ne a yi alama tare da P kuma matsakaicin adadin zazzabi na matsakaici ya kamata a haɗa shi a cikin kusurwar dama na WORD P. Adadin shine lamba na 10. raba ta mafi girman zafin jiki na matsakaici. Kamar: da aiki zafin jiki ne 540 ℃, da aiki matsa lamba ne 10 MPa bawul code IS P5410,
2. 7 Material code na bawul jiki za a nuna su ta haruffan pinyin na Sinanci, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Table 18.
Tebur 18 Lambar kayan jiki
3 samfurin
3. 1 Silindrical gear drive, welded dangane, bude sanda wedge irin biyu kofa bawul, bawul jiki sealing surface abu ne gami karfe, aiki matsa lamba ne 10 MPa, aiki zafin jiki ne 540 ℃, bawul jiki abu ne chromium platinum-vanadium karfe ƙofar bawul. , irin su z462H-P5, l10V cylindrical gear drive weji irin nau'in ƙofa biyu bawul
3. 2 Bevel gear drive, welded dangane, madaidaiciya-ta nau'in, bawul wurin zama sealing surface abu ne gami karfe, maras muhimmanci matsa lamba ne 20MPa, bawul jiki abu ne carbon karfe high matsa lamba globe bawul, kamar j561H-20 bevel gear drive madaidaiciya- ta hanyar globe bawul
3. 3 Welded, madaidaiciyar kwarara, bawul wurin zama sealing surface abu ne gami karfe, maras muhimmanci matsa lamba na 4 MPa rajistan bawul, kamar H69H-4 madaidaiciya ya kwarara rajistan bawul.
3.4 Internal thread connection, uku-hanyar duniya bawul, bawul wurin zama sealing surface abu ne gami karfe, maras muhimmanci matsa lamba ne 32 VIPs, kamar: J19H-32 matsa lamba ma'auni tare da uku-hanyar duniya bawul.
3. 5 lantarki waldi dangane, Multi-mataki hannun riga plunger, bawul sealing surface abu ga wuya gami, maras muhimmanci matsa lamba ne 32 MPa iko bawul, kamar: T969Y-32 lantarki high matsa lamba bambanta iko bawul.