Mitundu isanu ndi itatu yamagulu amitundu yamagetsi amagetsi

Mitundu isanu ndi itatu yamagulu amitundu yamagetsi amagetsi

Chida chomwe chimatha kuwongolera kutuluka kwa madzi mupaipi posintha gawo la payipi chimatchedwa valavu kapena gawo la valve. Udindo waukulu wa valavu mu payipi ndi: cholumikizira kapena truncated sing'anga; Pewani media backflow; Sinthani kuthamanga, kuyenda ndi magawo ena apakati; Kulekanitsa, kusakaniza, kapena kugawa zofalitsa; Kupewa kuthamanga kwapakatikati kumaposa mtengo wotchulidwa, kuti musunge msewu kapena chidebe, chitetezo cha zida.
Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi luso lamakono, valavu mu makampani, zomangamanga, ulimi, chitetezo dziko, kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi moyo wa anthu ndi mbali zina za ntchito yowonjezereka wamba, wakhala ntchito ya anthu m'dera lililonse la chilengedwe makina mankhwala ndi zofunika kwambiri. .
Ma valve amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu engineering ya mapaipi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwapa, zomangamanga zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi ntchito zatsopano za ma valve zapangidwa. Kuti agwirizanitse miyezo yopangira, komanso kusankha kolondola ndi kuzindikiritsa valavu, kuti athe kuwongolera kupanga, kukhazikitsa ndi kusinthira, ma valavu amayimira, generalization, serialization direction development.
Gulu la mavavu:
Vavu ya mafakitale idabadwa pambuyo pa kupangidwa kwa injini ya nthunzi, m'zaka makumi awiri kapena makumi atatu zapitazi, chifukwa cha petroleum, mankhwala, malo opangira magetsi, golide, zombo, mphamvu za nyukiliya, zakuthambo ndi zina zofunika, zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri valavu, kuti anthu kufufuza ndi kupanga magawo mkulu wa valavu, kutentha ntchito yake kuchokera kutentha woyamba -269 ℃ mpaka 1200 ℃, ngakhale mkulu monga 3430 ℃; Kupanikizika kogwira ntchito kunali kuchokera ku 1.33 × 10-8Pa (1 × 10ˉ10mmHg) mu supervacuum kupita ku 1460MPa mu superpressure. Kukula kwa vavu kumayambira 1mm mpaka 6000mm mpaka 9750mm. Zida zamavavu kuchokera ku chitsulo choponyedwa, chitsulo cha carbon, chitukuko mpaka titaniyamu ndi titaniyamu aloyi zitsulo, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chotsika kutentha ndi valavu yachitsulo chosagwira kutentha. Njira yoyendetsera valavu kuchokera ku chitukuko champhamvu kupita ku magetsi, pneumatic, hydraulic, mpaka pulogalamu yolamulira, mpweya, kutali, etc.
Malingana ndi ntchito ya valve yotseguka ndi yotseka, njira zamagulu a valve ndi zambiri, apa kuti adziwe zambiri zotsatirazi.
1. Gulu ndi ntchito ndi ntchito
(1) valve yoyimitsa: valve yoyimitsa imadziwikanso kuti valavu yotsekedwa, ntchito yake ndikulumikiza kapena kudula sing'anga mupaipi. Ma valve odulidwa amaphatikizapo ma valve a zipata, ma valve a globe, ma valve a pulagi, ma valve a mpira, ma valve a butterfly ndi ma diaphragm.

(2) valavu cheke: valavu cheke, amatchedwanso valavu cheke kapena valavu cheke, udindo wake ndi kuteteza sing'anga mu payipi kutuluka mmbuyo. Kukoka kwa pampu yamadzi kuchokera pansi pa valve kumakhalanso kwa valve yowunika.
(3) valavu yotetezera: ntchito ya valve yotetezera ndikuletsa kuthamanga kwapakatikati mu payipi kapena chipangizo kuti chisapitirire mtengo wotchulidwa, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha chitetezo.
(4) valavu yowongolera: valavu yoyang'anira valavu kuphatikiza valavu yowongolera, valavu yopumira ndi valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga, ntchito yake ndikusintha kupanikizika kwapakati, kuyenda ndi zina zitatu.
(5) valavu ya shunt: gulu la valve la shunt limaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya ma valve ogawa ndi misampha, ndi zina zotero, udindo wake ndikugawa, kusiyanitsa kapena kusakaniza sing'anga mu payipi.
2. Gulu ndi kukakamizidwa mwadzina
(1) Vacuum valve: imatanthawuza valavu yomwe mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito imakhala yochepa kusiyana ndi kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga.
(2) valavu yotsika: imatanthawuza kuthamanga kwadzina PN ≤ 1.6mpa valve.
(3) valavu yapakati: imatanthawuza kuthamanga kwadzina PN ndi 2.5, 4.0, 6.4Mpa valve.
(4) Valavu yothamanga kwambiri: imatanthawuza valavu yomwe kuthamanga kwake PN ndi 10 ~ 80Mpa.
(5) Valavu yothamanga kwambiri: imatanthawuza valavu yokhala ndi kuthamanga kwadzina PN≥100Mpa.
3. Gulu ndi kutentha kwa ntchito
(1) valavu kutentha: ntchito sing'anga kutentha kutentha T-100 ℃ valavu.
(2) otsika kutentha valavu: ntchito sing'anga kutentha ntchito -100 ℃≤ T ≤-40 ℃ vavu.
(3) yachibadwa kutentha valavu: ntchito sing'anga kutentha ntchito -40 ℃≤ T ≤120 ℃ vavu.
(4) sing'anga kutentha valavu: ntchito sing'anga kutentha ntchito 120 ℃
(5) valavu mkulu kutentha: ntchito sing'anga kutentha kutentha T450 ℃ valavu.
4. Gulu mwa kuyendetsa galimoto

(1) Valavu yodziyimira imatanthawuza valavu yomwe sifunikira mphamvu yakunja kuti iyendetse, koma imadalira mphamvu ya sing'anga yokha kuti ipange valavu. Monga valavu yachitetezo, valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga, msampha, valavu yoyendera, valavu yowongolera zokha ndi zina zotero.
(2) Valavu yoyendetsa mphamvu: valavu yoyendetsa mphamvu imatha kugwiritsa ntchito magwero osiyanasiyana amagetsi kuyendetsa.
Vavu yamagetsi: Vavu yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi.
Vavu ya pneumatic: valavu yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa.
Vavu ya Hydraulic: Vavu yoyendetsedwa ndi kuthamanga kwamadzi monga mafuta.
Kuonjezera apo, pali njira zingapo zoyendetsera galimoto zomwe zili pamwambazi, monga ma valve amagetsi a gasi.
(3) Valavu yamanja: valavu yamanja mothandizidwa ndi gudumu lamanja, chogwirira, lever, sprocket, ndi anthu kuti aziwongolera momwe ma valve amagwirira ntchito. Pamene valavu yotsegula ndi kutseka imakhala yayikulu, gudumu kapena chochepetsera nyongolotsi chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa gudumu lamanja ndi tsinde la valve. Ngati ndi kotheka, ma universal joints ndi drive shafts zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito patali.
Mwachidule, njira zamagulu a valve ndi zambiri, koma makamaka molingana ndi gawo lake pakugawa mapaipi. Ma valve General mu engineering ya mafakitale ndi zomangamanga amatha kugawidwa m'magulu a 11, omwe ndi valavu yachipata, valavu yapadziko lonse, valavu ya pulagi, valavu ya mpira, valavu ya butterfly, diaphragm valve, valve check, throttle valve, valve chitetezo, valve kuchepetsa kuthamanga ndi msampha. Ma valve ena apadera, monga ma valve a zida, ma hydraulic control pipeline system valves, ma valve omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina osiyanasiyana a mankhwala ndi zipangizo, sizili mkati mwa bukuli.
5. Gulu ndi m'mimba mwake mwadzina
(1) Vavu yaing'ono yaing'ono: valavu ya DN≤40mm.
(2) Vavu yapakati m'mimba mwake: valavu ya DN ya 50 ~ 300mm.
(3) Vavu yayikulu m'mimba mwake: vavu mwadzina DN ya 350 ~ 1200mm valavu.
(4) valavu lalikulu m'mimba mwake: mwadzina awiri DN≥1400mm valavu.
6. Gulu molingana ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe
(1) kutseka: mbali zotsegulira ndi zotsekera (disc) zoyendetsedwa ndi tsinde la valve pakatikati pa mpando wa valve kuti zinyamule kuyenda;
(2) tambala mawonekedwe: kutsegula ndi kutseka mbali (chipata valavu) motengeka ndi tsinde valavu pakatikati mzere perpendicular kwa mpando kwa kukweza kayendedwe;
(3) pulagi valavu: kutsegula ndi kutseka mbali (cone pulagi kapena mpira) mozungulira pakati mzere kasinthasintha;
(4) valavu yotsegulira: mbali zotsegulira ndi zotsekera (valve disc) zimazungulira mozungulira kunja kwa mpando;
(5) Gulugufe mzere: mbali zotsegulira ndi zotsekera (disk) zimazungulira mozungulira pampando wokhazikika;
(6) Mzere wa valve wotsegula: magawo otsegulira ndi otseka amalowera njira yopita ku njira.
7. Gulu ndi njira yolumikizira
(1) Valavu yolumikizana ndi ulusi: thupi la valve yokhala ndi ulusi wamkati kapena ulusi wakunja, ndi kulumikizana kwa ulusi wa chitoliro.
(2) valavu yolumikizira: valavu yokhala ndi ma flanges, ndi kulumikizana kwa chitoliro.
(3) Kuwotcherera valavu: valavu thupi ndi kuwotcherera poyambira, kuwotcherera kugwirizana ndi payipi.
(4) Valavu yolumikizira: valavu imalumikizidwa ndi chitoliro chokhala ndi cholumikizira.
(5) Valavu yolumikizira manja: kulumikizana kwa manja ndi payipi.
(6) Vavu yolumikizira: bawuti molunjika ku valavu ndi malekezero awiri a chitoliro palimodzi.
8. Sankhani malinga ndi zinthu zakuthupi
(1) Valavu yachitsulo: thupi lake la valve ndi ziwalo zina zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo. Monga valavu yachitsulo, valavu yachitsulo, valavu yachitsulo, valavu yachitsulo, valavu yamkuwa, valavu ya aluminiyamu, valve yotsogolera, titaniyamu alloy valve, monel alloy valve, etc.
(2) valavu yopanda zitsulo: thupi la valve ndi ziwalo zina zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo. Monga valavu pulasitiki, valavu ceramic, valavu alimbane, FRP valavu ndi zina zotero.
(3) zitsulo thupi alimbane valavu: valavu thupi mawonekedwe ndi zitsulo, kukhudzana mkati ndi pamwamba pamwamba sing'anga ali alimbane, monga valavu mphira, valavu pulasitiki, valavu ceramic, etc..
Njira yopangira ma valve opangira magetsi Muyezo uwu umagwira ntchito pamapaipi opangira magetsi opangira ma valve a zipata (vavu yothamanga kwambiri, valavu yodulira, valavu yanjira zitatu, valavu yotsegula ndi kutseka, valavu yolowera ya chotenthetsera champhamvu), fufuzani. valavu, valavu yotentha kwambiri), valavu yothandizira, valavu yoyendetsera, valavu yogawa madzi, valavu yodutsa, valavu ya mpira, valavu yopumira, valavu ya pulagi, valavu ya butterfly, msampha wa nthunzi, ndi kuyesa kutentha kwa madzi ndi valavu yotulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi ( plug valve), etc. Mavavu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi a hydroelectric ndi malo ena opangira magetsi angatanthauzenso muyezo uwu.
1 gawo
Muyezowu umagwira ntchito pamapaipi amagetsi opangira magetsi a ma valve olowera pachipata (vavu yotulutsa mwachangu, valavu yodulira, valavu yanjira zitatu, valavu yotsegula ndi kutseka, valavu yolowera ya chotenthetsera chothamanga kwambiri), valavu yowunikira, chotengera chotenthetsera chothamanga kwambiri. valavu), valavu yothandizira, valavu yoyendetsa, valavu yogawa madzi, valavu yodutsa, valavu ya mpira, valavu yothandizira, valavu yamagetsi, valavu ya pulagi, valavu ya butterfly, msampha wa nthunzi, ndi kuyesa kwa madzi kutentha ndi kutulutsa valavu yotulutsa mphamvu ( Pulagi valve), etc.
Mavavu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi a hydroelectric ndi malo ena opangira magetsi angatanthauzenso mulingo uwu.
2. Njira yopangira zitsanzo za valve
2. 1 Mitundu ya ma code imasonyezedwa ndi zilembo za fonitiki zaku China, monga zafotokozedwera mu Gulu 1.
Table 1 mtundu wa valve code
2.2 Khodi yotumizira idzakhala mu manambala achiarabu monga momwe tafotokozera mu Table 2
2.3 Mafomu olumikizirana amaimiridwa mu manambala achiarabu monga momwe tafotokozera mu Gulu 3
Table 2 Code of valve power transmission mode
Table 3 mtundu wolumikizira ma valve
2. 4 Mafomu a zilembo amalembedwa mu manambala achiarabu malinga ndi tebulo 4 mpaka 16.
Table 4 Khodi ya ma valve a Gate Gate
Table 5 Mapangidwe kachidindo ka kutentha ndi valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga
Table 6 Hydraulic test valve structure code
Table 7 Globe valve ndi throttle valve structure form code
Table 8 Khodi ya ma valve otetezedwa
Table 9 Yang'anani nambala yamtundu wa ma valve
Table 10 Ndondomeko ya mawonekedwe a valve
Table 11 Code yogawa ma valve ogawa madzi
Table 12 Ball valve structure form code
Table 13 Kachidindo kamangidwe ka ma valve
Table 14 plug valve structure code
Table 15 kachidindo ka valavu ya butterfly
Table 16 Kapangidwe ka msampha
2.5 Vavu yosindikizira mpando kapena kachidindo kachitsulo kadzawonetsedwa mu zilembo zaku China zamafoni molingana ndi tebulo 17.
Table 17 Nambala yazinthu zosindikizira kumaso kapena kuyika mpando wa valve
2. 6 Ma code amphamvu odziwika amaimiridwa ndi manambala achiarabu.
Chigawo cha kuthamanga mwadzina ndi MPa
Pamene kutentha kwambiri kwa sing'anga ≤450 ℃, kupanikizika mwadzina kumatchulidwa.
Pamene kutentha kwakukulu kwa sing'anga ndi 450 ℃, kutentha kwa ntchito ndi kupanikizika kwa ntchito kudzalembedwa ndi P ndipo chiwerengero cha kutentha kwa sing'anga chidzawonjezeredwa kumunsi kumanja kwa WORD P. Chiwerengerocho ndi chiwerengero cha 10 kugawidwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa sing'anga. Monga: kutentha kwa ntchito ndi 540 ℃, kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndi 10 MPa valve code IS P5410,
2. 7 Nambala ya zinthu za thupi la valve idzawonetsedwa ndi zilembo za pinyin za ku China, monga momwe zalembedwera mu Table 18.
Table 18 Code zakuthupi
3 chitsanzo
3. 1 Cylindrical gear drive, welded kugwirizana, lotseguka ndodo mphero mtundu iwiri chipata valavu, valavu thupi kusindikiza pamwamba zinthu ndi aloyi zitsulo, kuthamanga ntchito ndi 10 MPa, kutentha ntchito ndi 540 ℃, vavu thupi chuma ndi chromium platinamu-vanadium zitsulo chipata valavu , monga z462H-P5, l10V cylindrical gear drive wedge mtundu wawiri chipata valavu
3. 2 Bevel giya pagalimoto, kugwirizana welded, molunjika-kudzera mtundu, valavu mpando kusindikiza pamwamba zinthu ndi aloyi zitsulo, kuthamanga mwadzina ndi 20MPa, valavu thupi zinthu ndi mpweya zitsulo mkulu kuthamanga valavu padziko lonse, monga j561H-20 bevel zida galimoto molunjika- kudzera pa valavu ya globe
3. 3 Wowotcherera, oyenda mowongoka, mpando wa valve wosindikiza pamwamba ndi aloyi zitsulo, kuthamanga mwadzina kwa 4 MPa cheke valavu, monga H69H-4 valavu yoyendera yoyenda molunjika
3.4 Kulumikizana kwa ulusi wamkati, valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi, valavu yosindikizira pamwamba ndi chitsulo cha alloy, kuthamanga kwadzina ndi 32 VIPs, monga: J19H-32 chopimira chopimira chokhala ndi valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi.
3. 5 kuwotcherera kwamagetsi, chopukutira cha manja chamitundu yambiri, mavavu osindikizira pamwamba pa aloyi yolimba, kuthamanga mwadzina ndi 32 MPa valavu yowongolera, monga: T969Y-32 valavu yamagetsi yosiyana kwambiri