Giovanni F. Accolla , Franco Cardini , Domenico Del Nero , Giordano Bruno Guerri , Gennaro Malgieri , Gennaro Sangiuliano , Mirella Serri , Marcello Veneziani .
Ndinqwenela ukuba ndibe neengqondi zabapeyinti baseJamani bexesha elidlulileyo ababekwazi ukuhambisa ngokugqibeleleyo izibongo zesitrato sasebusuku, kufuphi neendawo ezisemaphandleni, phakathi kwezindlu zasemaphandleni ezikhanyiswe ngokukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibane.
Ngumbuzo omiselwe ukuba uhlale ubuciko: yeyiphi i-futurist enokwenza umxholo womnye wemizobo yakhe ibe yindlu encinci kwi-suburb yaseVienna yaseHeiligenstadt, apho i-cyclops kaBonn uLudovico van Beethoven wayehlala khona Emva kweholide yakhe?Okanye kwakhona: Ngubani owayenokuyila le nto. indlu encinci ebulalayo kumoya wokwenyani wekamva, enamakhadi eposi ahlonitshwayo, imizobo, imizobo kunye nento ebonakala ngathi yivoti yangaphambili yehlelo elitsha elihlawula amagorha alithoba e-symphony?
Kwakutheni ukuze abafuturists bapeyinte le ndlu incinci? Ngaba iiposcards zepateni ezininzi zaseJamani azihambanga ngokwaneleyo? Akwanelanga ukucatshulwa kweenkuni ze-Viennese Secessionist enkulu uCarl Moll - ziyimisebenzi exabiseke kakhulu, i-Oder eyayinamaqhina kwinkulungwane ye-19 kodwa yahlala. kude ngaphaya kwemida yexesha le-Futurism yaseJamani?
Kwaye imizobo entle yeoyile kaMohr ayonelanga, indlu iyinxalenye yemizimba emibini ejonge ePfarrplatz, imithi enamagqabi amagqabi entwasahlobo, iingcango ezimbini zobuhle obuqinileyo, kunye nezibane ezilungele ukunikezelwa kubantu abadlulayo, ukusuka kwizibane zakhe ezityhafileyo ukuya kuthi ga ngoMatshi. ubusuku apha?
Kukho izizathu zokwenyani, kwaye azininzi: hlala kwindawo emfutshane yamaphepha ambalwa amaxwebhu, ukuba ufuna ukuwabala ngokubhaliweyo, ndiya kuwashwankathela ngamaxesha ambalwa: E-Umberto Boccioni Kwi-triptych edumileyo, ezinikele ekushiyeni. : umzobo obizwa ngokuthi "Abo bahambayo", ngoko umzobo obizwa ngokuba "Abo bahlala", kunye netafile ethi "Farewell" ine-matrix, Umbhali-mbali ohamba phambili wezobugcisa uBeethoven uthe kwisifundo se-futurism: ukusuka kwi-sonata eyaziwayo ye-Cyclops piano.
Kwakhona, iqabane elikhulu lolutsha likaBoccioni, iqabane lakhe lokuhamba eFransi, iqabane lakhe kwiqela elidumileyo lamavolontiya ebhayisikile eLombard asebenza eCasino Dossos kunyaka wokuqala weMfazwe Yehlabathi: UMario Sironi, Passionate Abaqokeleli berekhodi, abahlanjululwe ngakumbi. abaphulaphuli, yeengoma zikaBeethoven ngexesha legramafoni yexilongo yayitshintshelwe kwimijelo yaloo macangci e-vinyl ajikelezayo ukutyibilika phantsi kwenaliti.
Andiboni mfuneko yokuba ndidlulele ngaphaya kwesizathu esifihlakeleyo salo mbuzo ungaqhelekanga: ngokusisiseko yingcinga yengcinga yomntu ofundayo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayikokucinga kwesazi esinzulu: kufuneka kusanelise, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, funda oku kulandelayo ukuze...
Ke umbuzo kukuqala apha kwaye uhlale kwiphepha le nto uSchopenhauer ayibiza ngokuba “luncwadi lolonwabo”.
Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, kwindawo yokubuyela kwilali ebizwa ngokuba yiGavinana kwiinduli ezisemantla entlambo yeLimestre kwindawo ephezulu yePistoia: Ndifumene amaxwebhu amabini angaqhelekanga ekhitshini lendlu, yango-1942, enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo Umbhali weprose uSilvio Platen. ubalisa ngendlela emfutshane kakhulu kodwa esebenzayo amajiko athatha isigqibo okwenzeka eRashiya emva kweNapoleon yoMkhosi waseTaliyane ngokwemiyalelo yeNkosana uEugene kunye neNkosana uMurat.Idabi lika-1812!
Bekubangel’ umdla ngokwenene ukufunda esi sincoko sasemkhosini sibhalwe kakuhle, kwaye oko kwandikhokelela ekubeni ndifumane iphepha lembali elathi latyeshelwa ngandlel’ ithile kwikharityhulamu yesikolo sethu. caca ngakumbi.Ndikhumbula nje ukugcina umxholo wethu, eli culo lanikezelwa kuTeodoro Corner ngumbhali wendoda eyayiza kutshata naye, umthandi welizwe oselula owaba ligorha kwimfazwe yasePrussia noNapoleon ngowe-1813, Wayeliqabane elithandekayo kunyana omkhulu. wemvumi.Ludovico van Beethoven!Ekufundweni kweli nqaku lingasentla, iikona ezingacacanga kangako zengoma yembongi yethu uLeopardi ethi “all'Italia”, kwamanye amaphepha edayari yam, indibulise ngomoya osulungekileyo kaBeethoven!
Ndiyavuya kuba ndifumene eli phepha lingaqhelekanga lembali, ndandifuna ukubhala isishwankathelo senqaku elihle likaPlaten ngokwam, ndaqala ebusuku, etafileni ekhitshini, kwidangatye lesitovu seoli, ndigcwalisa iphepha eliphaphazelayo ngamanqaku epensile ashinyeneyo. Incwadana etyheli, elityelweyo iminyaka kwidrowa endlwini kaGavinan.
Umsebenzi wokuchaza iinyani ezingalibalekiyo zelo phulo lomkhosi likude ngokwenene wawudinisa iyure yonke, ndibhala isikrolo, ndihlala ndiphethe ipensile, ngasemva kwephepha endandilibaleka ngokuthe ngcembe.
Nama-doodles asuka kwindawo ethile, kufuneka athobele uqeqesho lokunqumama, kufanelekile ukuyalela “ingcombolo” ukunika ingqiqo encinci: ke emva kokudwetshwa kwe-impromptu kunye nengenamsebenzi, kufuneka ndikhanyise, emva kwezihlandlo ezingenakubalwa ngelixa ndibhala malunga neHeiligenstadt's. indlu encinci edumileyo, lo mbuzo unike i-substance kwinqaku.Ukwazi ukwahlula mzuzu le ngcamango ivela kwaye ibuyisele iinkcukacha zomfanekiso wayo ochanekileyo, ongaqhelekanga okanye awukho, andinako ukunika, kwaye emva koko yonke into ilahleka kuthotho lweengcamango. … Ngapha koko, ngequbuliso, ndacinga, Yenzeka njani kanye kanye ukuba indlu encinci ka-Heiligenstadt iyilwe ngohlobo lwekamva, okanye, ngokuthelekelela ngakumbi, igcisa lekamva lingayilwa njani le “holo yomculo”?
Emva koko ndawuthatha ngokukhawuleza lo mbuzo, owaphela ubuzwa kum kwikota yokugqibela, endicinga ukuba bubulumko ngakumbi kububudenge bokuba awunakuba nayo nayiphi na impendulo yokwenyani kodwa yimpendulo nje eqikelelwayo. Ukanti akunjalo. akunamsebenzi ukuqhubeka, nangona evezwe kuncumo losizi lomfundi okanye umzobi oqhubeka eyila…
Ekugqibeleni, nantsi: Ngubani kwisitayela sexesha elizayo onokuthi "uve" kakuhle isibongo se-Cyclops's mansion?Ndizixelela kunye nabafundi bam ngokufutshane: ngabaqulunqi, kukho abathathu kubo, ngu-Umberto Boccioni, uGerardo Dottori, uMario Sironi. .Le yi-intuition yam, ngoko ke ndiyayeka ukuvakalisa ingqiqo yokuthatha umsebenzi ongenamsebenzi, ndiyakholwa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ndithethelela le nto inengqiqo nengenanjongo.
I-Boccioni yendlu encinci iya kubona ukuhamba kwayo kwi-metropolis "ekhulayo": kungekhona indlu encinci, siyakhumbula, ishukuma kwaye ijikeleza njengeplanethi ejikeleze ilanga kwikomkhulu, ikhula ngokungafaniyo: umngeni yiminyaka yetempile encinci. ukanti “inkaba yemyuziyam” iyazilingana, lo gama isisixeko, ekufuneka ijikeleze ijikeleza, irhangqe ngaphandle kokuyifuthanisela! ukubetha kwegubu okuqhubekayo kwenza isingqisho se-symphony (ngoku ndiyacinga ukuba uFurtwängler eqhuba i-Berlin Philharmonic yakhe kunye noGates Gerberg uqhuba i-okhestra ye-Concertgebouw e-Amsterdam!) Kwaye ibethelwe ngaphandle kwesohlwayo, kunye ne-racket elungileyo, inika isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo: yonke into elapha yimbongo ngaphaya kobubongo. ixesha: Eroica, Quinta, Pastorale , Lesixhenxe (ngulo nje umdaniso ukuba uWagner wayefuna okanye ngaphezulu?), Isizathu sika-Octave kunye nengqumbo engaqondakaliyo, iintshukumo ezintathu zokuqala zeNineth.Apha, ukubetha kwegubu kuvelisa ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya okujikelezayo, umculo uqhuma. Iindonga, iradiation yongamela...
Ugqirha uya kulibona liphezulu; njengepeyinti yomoya esekwe ePerugia, unokuqalisa kuphela ngesandi somfundisi! Unyukile wada weva intshukumo yesithathu yeSimphony seThoba ekuphakameni kokhozi, nangokutsiba kwayo kancinci, njengokhozi olufunayo. Ngoku, kwakuba semini, iinkwenkwezi zokuqala zakhanya, kwaza ngokukhawuleza kwafika ubusuku, yaye kwikowuni yokukhanya yenkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni, indlu encinane yabengezela: uphahla lwaluneethayile ezinomhlwa. , iindonga zazimhlophe , zisezulwini kwaye zigubungela izivulo: inye kuphela ekhanyisa ukukhanya okukhanyisiweyo kwipiyano: iiCyclops zisavukile, ziqamba ngokuthula...
Ngaphandle, ukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi ezisasaza iicones ezikhazimlayo zincediswa zizibane ezithobekileyo ezikwakhanyisela izikwere ezinemithi, iingcango, iikona zecawa, izibane eziphaphazelayo kunye ne-octagonal facades ze!Kuthe cwaka macala onke, isibhakabhaka simnyama, kwaye ukude, I-metropolis iyanyamalala, kwaye ubona kuphela iinduli ze-Vienna Woods, imisele edlula kwiintlambo ezineentyatyambo, kwaye ngokuthe chu ethafeni ubona iinyoka zesilivere zaseDanube I-travertine iyahamba ... kumgama kukho ezinye iintlambo kunye namanye amathafa. …
ISironi yendlu encinci eHeiligenstadt iya kubona uzuko lwayo olukude kwizizukulwana ezizayo, ngoku isasazeke yodwa kwindawo eyinkangala! IHeiligenstadt, ngo-1819 iikhilomitha ezine ukusuka eStephansdom, enendlu yobugcisa benkosi u-Antonio Pilgram, ke ngoko ibekwe emaphandleni avulekileyo. ; namhlanje ingaphandle, i-metropolis ine-Rise, Yiyo Le, i-Periphery, Ngoku kunye neXesha Eliphilayo kunye neLizwi lalo: Sinokuziqhelanisa neeVesi ezingapheliyo zikaLeopardi!
I-Sironi yayiza kuyipeyinta, indlu encinci, kwimbono ekhawulezileyo engalindelekanga, yayiza kugqama ngobuchule bokwakha kwaye ilawulwe lilifu lamafu ... Ukucamngca okude okuqhelekileyo: isizathu sobukho bethu apho siphoswa khona…
Ngeli nqanaba, ndiya kuvumela iifairies zeenqwelo zokulwa zijikeleze, zidlule, zingenakuthetha, zingahambi, abafundi banokuqhubeka bebodwa, ukuba bayathanda, iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezingenanjongo zembali-zobugcisa.
Endaweni yoko, sibuyela kwizibakala ezifanele ziphandwe ngokunzulu, sinokubhala isikhumbuzo esifundisiweyo malunga nenkolo ebizwa ngokuba lunqulo lwentsapho kaHoly Beethoven!Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, iBucaroli yethu yabhala umqulu wegolide othi “The House of Beethoven,” yaye njengoko sisazi. namhlanje, isikolo saseNtaliyane solu phando savulwa.Kule ncwadana kukho imizobo emithandathu yombhali owathi kamva wazimisela njengombhali webhayografi omkhulu we "Tondichter" ozelwe kwimyuziyam yaseBonn: imizobo emithandathu yokubhala elula, uBuscaroli ususa zonke iziqinisekiso. yobugcisa Wenze kakuhle, kodwa ulibale ukususa naliphi na ibango "ubuhle" kubo: oku kujongwa kwe-indovinatissimo, kuba ukuba nabani na ufuna ukwazi indlela yokunxibelelana, ngedijithali, ukumela imibongo yokwenene ngemifanekiso, kufana nokuThetha "ubuhle", ungathatha le mizobo yosiba elula umzekelo!
Iyure nganye iqhubela phambili njani xa kusenziwa uphando ngeli hlelo lokwenyani? Kunzima ukulichaza ngokwale mbono ingaqhelekanga: ihlelo, nangona kunjalo, libonakala ngathi lenziwe ngokuqhubekayo yimithambo eethe-ethe eboniswa ngabapeyinti abangabaqeshwanga, abafundi besikolo sobugcisa, iingcaphephe ezaziwayo zeebrashi zokupeyinta okanye Abakroli beminyaka elikhulu nangaphezulu. Ibonisa amakhaya athobekileyo azibona efihlakele kwiindonga zawo - ngamanye amaxesha ade ancitshiswe abe ziithaveni eziqhumayo ngenxa yokuba abaninimzi beshiya ngabom iidrafti zeendawo zokubasa ezineziphene ukuze benze imali eninzi kangangoko benako kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo. abaqeshi.
Sifuna u-Eliade, uLeopoldo von Schröder, uKarl von Spiess ukuze asincede siqonde ngokupheleleyo ezi ziganeko zaphambi kokuvota eziye zibe ziinkolo ngokwenene: izindlu zoyilo apho isaci somfuziselo sisiqubulo esikwi-square Heiligenstadt! amahashe amancinci amancinci afunyenwe kwitempile yakudala yeNenekazi laseResia eVeneto?
kunye nokuzinikela kwintoni? Kukho ngokuqinisekileyo inani kwiiCyclops, apho iMuses ziye zaqinisekisa ngokungathandabuzekiyo unyaka wonke, kodwa kutheni ukupeyinta le ndlu encinane ngeli xesha, apho ahlala khona ngonaphakade ekhathazwa ziinkosi ezikhohlakeleyo nezingenamsebenzi, zihlala zingqongwe ngoonobhala kunye noonobhala. utyekelo lwabakhonzazana Ekunganyanisekiyo? UBeethoven akazange abe nendlu yakhe! Ngokungathi ngombono wempoxo: itempile yayibolekwe kuThixo!
Ukulandelwa okuqinisekisiweyo kweziphakamiso zophando olunzima kuye kwanqunyanyiswa ngenxa yokunqongophala kweengxoxo ezixhaswa ngamaxwebhu angenakuphikiswa athatha ixesha kunye nayo yonke inkalo yezenzululwazi.Kuncinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba le intuition ayikho kude, ayifani nentaka enamandla Ixhoba elithi ngequbuliso litsibe lisuka kwindlwane yalo lize liwe lize lifumanise ukuba linamaphiko alukhuni enkukhu.
Nali iphepha lesikhumbuzo likaFranz Grillparzer: umfana oneminyaka engaphezu kwe-12 owazifumana echitha iihlobo ezininzi kwindlu enye apho iiCyclops zazihlala kwamanye amagumbi. Ngeeholide, njengoko i-biography isitsho, makahambe kunye nezinto ezimbalwa zendlu yakhe kunye nepiyano.Ngenye imva kwemini, umama wembongi wabuyela endlwini emva kokuthenga waza wakhwela izinyuko zikawonkewonke. Weva umculo omnandi ophuma kwigumbi apho uBeethoven wayehlala khona: unina waxhwilwa, wayefuna ukuhlala ngokuzolileyo, kwaye izitepsi zazizele ziimfumba. Ibhaskithi ephithizelayo yokuthenga ukuze ungaphoswa nenqaku lomculo ophuma kwelo sango lentsimbi. I-Cyclops yayiqamba, kodwa idlala amanqaku esi sixhobo, isandi sidlula emnyango, kwiindonga zelizwe, emva koko ngezinyuko. kunye nentendelezo engaphakathi ayenzele abanye ukuba bayisebenzise, ngelixa evula isikhululo, "indawo yengqondo" entsha enkulu "Unqulo Lwekamva.
Ndiqhoboshela imizobo ye-inki emithathu, enyanisweni, le mizobo isemva kwizenzo zobugorha zecandelo lePinot, amajoni aseVillata, amajoni aseTuscan, ePiedmont naseParma, phakathi kwawo kukho iAjaccio kaMitravaruna Napoleon – kangangexesha elithile iThird Symphony ine. zinikezelwe - njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwiSikhumbuzo saseSt. Helena. Ibali leMfazwe yaseMalo-Jaroslavez liyanyamalala kwimivimbo enqabileyo yepensela, apho umfundi unokuqaphela kwiphepha, eyokuqala ibe yingcebiso "yeBoccionia", eyesibini. Ikhoni yokukhanya ebumnyameni, esele ibonwe kwimizobo kagqirha, kwaye ekugqibeleni umbono wengozi kunye nesitayile esihlala sibonakala kwimizobo engxamisekileyo kunye nesebenzayo kaMario Sironi…
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