Rhoqo ngonyaka ukusukela ngo-1988, abasebenzi bePopSci baye bagcwala kwigumbi lenkomfa ukuze baxoxe ngezona zinto zibalulekileyo enyakeni. Njengoko sivavanya ukufaneleka kwezixhobo eziqaqambileyo kunye neerokhethi ezophula irekhodi, izandla zethu zifumana izilayi kwimfumba yepizza, sifikelele kwisidlo esininzi. Isoda, kwaye ujule iilekese ezinobungakanani obumnandi kwigumbi. Ngo-2020, sincokola, sohlukile.Phakathi kwesoyikiso esiqhubekayo se-COVID-19, abahleli kunye nabaphandi banikela ngezona mpahla zabo zingcono zokulala, ngena kwii-Hangouts zikaGoogle (BYO Peanut Butter Cups), kunye Vavanya amawaka eemveliso kunye neeprojekthi ezisuka kude ukukhetha ezona zinto zintsha zibalaseleyo: I-100 yokuPhumelela Ukuqonda into esiyaziyo kunokuba yifestile kwikamva elinempilo, elonwabileyo, nelinethemba ngakumbi.
Isiphumo kukubhiyozelwa kobuchule esinokuthi sibufeze kunye xa kuvela imiceli mngeni yobuqu neyehlabathi. Qwalasela oku: Ngo-2020, isibini sabakhuphisana betekhnoloji abakhulu badibanisa imikhosi ukwenza into enokutshintsha indlela esilwa ngayo i-COVID kunye nezinye izoyikiso zempilo yoluntu. andazi nokwazi ngayo. (Ababini baphinde bafumana iwonga lethu eliphezulu ngayo.)
Kuwo onke amacandelo ethu ali-10, ubhubhane wenze kancinci ukucothisa ukuhamba kwezinto ezintsha kwihlabathi.Lo nyaka usinike iimveliso zobisi zokwenyani (akukho nkomo zifunekayo), ijean efakwe ngokugqibeleleyo enokudala i-algorithms kuphela, iingxowa zomoya ezigcina abakhweli bekhuselekile kunoko. naphakade, kunye nomthombo ongomnye wemidlalo ethuthuzelayo ezisa inkangeleko entsha kwisiphazamiso esifuneka kakhulu Kwaye kunjalo, uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-COVID-inqanaba ebesingalazi nokuba besilifuna kunyaka ophelileyo.
Siwathathela ingqalelo kakhulu amabhaso ethu onyaka, kodwa olu luhlu, olwama-33, lukhethekile. Naphakathi kweenyanga ezimbalwa ezinesiphithiphithi, iinjineli, abaphuhlisi kunye noosonzululwazi bazingisa – kwaye sinelunda ngokuqaqambisa umsebenzi wabo. andinakulinda ukubona ukuba yeyiphi imiqobo abaya kuyiqhawula ngokulandelayo.
Ngubani onokufikelela?Ngumbuzo oqhuba onke amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nezinto ezintsha eziye zavela kwisihlomelo sonyaka sePopSci ukusukela oko sathi sasungula udidi ngo-2008. Rhoqo ngonyaka, ingxaki iya ibankulu ngokuba nkulu.Ngo-2020, ilizwe lashukunyiswa lihlabathi jikelele. Ubhubhani owasuba ubomi besigidi esisi-1.4, intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu e-United States yaphinda yazalwa, kunye neziganeko zemililo yasendle ezophula irekhodi kwanyanzelwa ukuba abantu bafuduke kuyo yonke imimandla. Kwaye ezi ziingcinga nje ezintsha. utshintsho kwi-hardware kunye ne-software ngokufanayo.Ibingunyaka wezifundo, ii-nuances kunye neenguqu ezincinci esiye sasebenza nzima ukuhambelana nokukhetha kwethu.
Kuzo zonke izixhobo ezilahlekileyo kwimpendulo yobhubhani wase-US, umkhondo wonxibelelwano lwedijithali - obonisa ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane ngentshukumo kunye nokunxibelelana kwabantu abosulelekileyo - baziva besondele kakhulu. I-COVID-19 ngokusebenzisa ii -apps ezijongwe ngokusondeleyo ngale ndlela. Kodwa urhwebo lwabucala kunye nebala kuninzi. Ke abenzi babini bakhulu be-smartphone - kunye nabakhuphisana nabo abanoburhalarhume - beza nesisombululo.Unxibelelwano lwenkqubo yesicelo sikaGoogle kunye neApple yikhowudi ye-agnostic inqanda eyona nkxalabo inkulu kaBig Brother ngokulumkisa ngokuthe ngqo nabani na osemngciphekweni wosulelo kunokugcina indawo yomntu kwindawo yedatha esembindini.Eyokuqala yamkelwa ngamazwe aseYurophu anjengeSwitzerland neOstriya, kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20 ase-US kunye nemimandla, isaziso sokuvezwa. Inkqubo ithumela i-ping ngalo lonke ixesha enye ifowuni yeBluetooth ifunyenwe uphawu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwerediyasi yeenyawo ezi-6 ngaphakathi koluhlu. ezifunekayo kuwo onke amanqanaba enkqubo, kwaye ii-apps ezakhelwe kolu jongano zithintela ezinye izixhobo ekufikeleleni kulwazi lwakho lobuqu.Ukufumana abantu ukuba bazichaze ngumceli mngeni, kodwa ngezibonelelo zempilo ezinqongopheleyo, kuyanceda ukuba nobuchwepheshe obusikhumbuza ukuba senze. okusemandleni ethu ngeli xesha lentlekele yezempilo yoluntu kunye nelandelayo.
Kwintliziyo yeofisi nganye yanamhlanje ihlala inethiwekhi yabucala ebonakalayo (VPN), indawo yokufikelela ekwabelwana ngayo edibanisa iikhomputha kwiiseva, abasebenzi kubasebenzi abasebenzisana nabo.Uninzi lwezi nkonzo ze-cryptographic zithembele kumakhulu amawaka emigca yekhowudi, enokuphazamisa ukhuseleko. Hayi i-WireGuard.Yenziwe ngumphuhlisi omnye, lo mxhasi ufuna ngaphantsi kwe-4,000 imigca yekhowudi ukuqalisa uxhulumaniso olukhawulezayo kunye nokukhusela ngokuchasene nabahlaseli.Inkqubo ihlanjululwe kangangokuba iqela lomntu omnye linokuyijonga ubuthathaka emva kwemini.Nangona i-40 Ukunyuka kwepesenti kwimfuno ye-VPN kwangoko kobhubhane, iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezinje ngeLinux, Windows, MacOS, Android, iOS kunye ne-OpenBSD ziye zathatha iprotocol kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zidlulileyo.
Ngalo lonke ixesha uvula i-imeyile, ubeka umngcipheko wokuba yindawo yedatha yokuthengisa. Ngokufakela imifanekiso engabonakaliyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pixels ye-spy kwimiyalezo, abathumeli banokufunda xa wawuvula umyalezo, uphi, sesiphi isixhobo obusisebenzisa, kwaye xa uskrola. umxholo.Ukubhalisela inkonzo ye-imeyile Heyi ayivaleli nje ezi snoops, ikwakroba kwiitraki kwaye ikuxelela kanye ukuba loluphi uhlobo olusetyenziswayo kuwo wonke umyalezo okwibhokisi yakho yangaphakathi.Kwaye, ngokungafaniyo namaqonga aphambili afana noGmail, Hee ayisebenzi. iintengiso okanye yam kwaye ithengise idatha yomsebenzisi.
Ubundlobongela be-Vigilante buye banda elizweni nangona kukho umngcelele wembali wokulwa nokungabikho kokusesikweni ngokobuhlanga e-US kulo nyaka.Ukukhusela izazisi zamatsha ntliziyo kunye nabanye abasebenzisi kwi-app yemiyalezo, iSignal yongeze isixhobo esilula ukusisebenzisa esifunda ubuso ngokuzenzekelayo. kwimifanekiso kunye ne pixelates them.Ikwabandakanya umsebenzi webrashi yesandla xa iphose indawo okanye ifuna ukucinywa ezinye izipho ezifana neempawu zesitrato.Ukuba uthatha ifoto ngoMqondiso, ayigcini inguqulelo yoqobo, ngoko ke ukufiphala. umlingo ngokwenene awunakuguqulwa.
Iilwandlekazi zomhlaba zigcwele amakhulu amawaka ezigcayiseli ezingasetyenziswanga ezisusela kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala ngaphandle kwengozi.Iinqanawa ezixhotyiswe ngeSonar ezingenabantu zibona izinto ezikrokrisayo ukusuka kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iingalo zetelescopic ezandisiweyo zisebenzisa imipu yesikhonkwane ukuze ziqhoboshele iziqhushumbisi.
Ukuba ufuna ukubeka iliso kwikhaya lakho ngaphandle kokuvelisa imifanekiso eninzi yevidiyo, ngoku unokufumana i-router ye-mesh esebenza ukuze ibone ukunyakaza.Ngenxa yokuba iinqununu kwinkqubo yayo ye-Wi-Fi zihlala zikhupha amaza erediyo emva naphambili, i-Linksys Aware. inokubona utshintsho kumandla ala maza abangelwa izinto ezihambayo kwindawo yokugubungela inethiwekhi-ngokokuqala ngqa.I-Alarms ping i-app ye-Linksys, unokumisela inqanaba lovakalelo ukuze ugweme i-alamu zobuxoki, umzekelo, inja yakho igxotha umsila wayo. ikhitshi.
Ngeli hlotyeni, abaphuhlisi ababini badize ukuba uninzi lwee-apps ze-iOS, kubandakanya iTikTok, Zillow kunye ne-Twitter, bezingena ngokuzolileyo kwiibhodi eziqhotyoshwayo zabasebenzisi, ezigcina okwethutyana amagama ayimfihlo kunye nolunye ulwazi olubuthathaka, ngaphandle kolwazi okanye imvume yabantu. uhlaziyo olukhutshwe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva.Ngoku, xa i-app okanye iwijethi igcina umbhalo kwibhodi eqhotyoshwayo, ifowuni iya kuthumela umyalezo ozivelelayo kumnini wayo.Ngaphezu koko, eli nqaku lithintela abaphuhlisi ekuhloleni kwasekuqaleni: Iinkqubo ezifana ne-LinkedIn. kunye neReddit bayisusile ikhowudi ethatyathwe kwiikopi zabasebenzisi be-Apple.
Nanjengoko imililo yasendle isiya iqina ngakumbi ngexesha ngalinye, abacimi-mlilo abanomthwalo onzima basaxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji ye-1950s efana ne-walkie-talkies ukuze bahlale benxibelelene.I-app ye-Team Awareness Kit, eyaye yafumaneka ngokubanzi kwi-Google Play Store yasehlotyeni edlulileyo, isebenzisa i-GPS kwiifowuni ze-Android ukunceda kuqala. abaphenduli balandelela amalungu eqela ngaphandle kokuthembela kwinethiwekhi yeselula edla ngokuphuka kwintsimi.Eyokuqala isetyenziswe ngabacimi bomlilo kwi-Grizzly Creek ngo-Agasti, i-app ibonisa iimephu ze-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi apho abasebenzisi banokumakisha kwaye babelane ngeendawo zabo, iifayile, iifoto kunye namavidiyo, ngelixa. kwakhona ukunxibelelana ngencoko okanye ukusasaza bukhoma.Iziko leColorado lokuGqwesa ngoku lisebenza kunye neNkonzo yeHlathi yase-US ukuphuhlisa isiseko sedatha yelizwe lokwenyani lemililo yasendle nge-app.
I-Ripsaw ebizwa ngokuba yi-Ripsaw, kwisizukulwana sayo sesihlanu, iya kuba yinqwelo yokuqala yoMkhosi wase-US ezizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo ukuba iphumelele iimvavanyo zentsimi kwiminyaka emibini ezayo. ezinye iingenelo ezinobuqhophololo: Iirobhothi ezifakwe kwindlwane zinokukhangela phambili kwaye zithintele izixhobo eziphuculweyo eziqhushumbayo, inqwelomoya engabanjwanga ingabaleka kubushushu obungaqaphelekiyo Kodwa eyona nto ichukumisayo yinkqubo yovavanyo yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa yesithuthi, ethatyathwe kubuchwephesha bemoto abaziqhubayo yeFLIR. iikhamera ezine zibonelela nge-360-degree image synthesis, ngelixa i-AI ichonga izinto ezijikeleze isithuthi - ukwahlula abahlaseli kuluntu, kwaye bexhobile kwizisongelo ezingaxhotyiswanga.
Rhoqo ngonyaka sifuna ngakumbi nangakumbi izixhobo zethu.Silindele ukuba imodeli entsha ibonelele ngamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nentaphane yezinto ezintsha ezintle ezikhangeleka zilungile kwiphepha elikhethekileyo.Olu hlaziyo ludla ngokuza nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kodwa abaphumeleleyo abaninzi kulo nyaka bakwazile ukunikezela ngophuculo lwetekhnoloji oluchulumancisayo ngemali encinci kakhulu kuneyabandulelayo okanye abo bakhuphisana nabo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki – sinee-splurges ezikhethekileyo apha.
Siqhele ukwenza izixhobo zekhompyuter zibe ngcono kwaye zibiza kakhulu ngonyaka.NgoSeptemba, i-NVIDIA yaphula umjikelo kunye nekhadi layo lemifanekiso ye-RTX 3080. Kwi-699 yeedola, i-3080 i-30 yepesenti ephantsi kune-$ 999 eyandulelayo, kodwa iphinda iphindwe kabini amandla. .Oku kuguqulela kwizinga eliphezulu lesakhelo sokudlala i-4K, ngokwaneleyo ukubulala awona makhadi emizobo anamandla ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo.Amakhadi amatsha anzima ngokwaneleyo ukufezekisa iifreyimu ezingama-120 ngesekondi nganye yokusebenza kwi-headsets ye-VR njenge-Valve Index, evumela ukunyakaza kwe-ultra-smooth. kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi.Ikwanciphisa amaxesha okunikezelwa kwemodeli ye-3D okanye iiprojekthi zevidiyo nge-20% okanye ngaphezulu.I-Nvidia iphumelele sonke isantya ngokuyila ngokutsha i-architecture ye-GPU kunye nokunciphisa i-compute cores ukuze ihlalise ngokuphindwe kabini. lungisa inkqubo yokupholisa eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, ebonisa uyilo lwe-fan-fan ezimbini kunye namaphiko amakhulu erediyetha ukufunxa ubushushu njengoko udlula kwisantya sayo.
Ukuzama ukulinganisa iimeko ezininzi zekhibhodi ye-iPad ethangeni lakho yinto engathandekiyo-ayilungelanga ukuphakamisa ithebhulethi ebiza kakhulu kwindawo yokulinda yesikhululo seenqwelomoya.I-Apple yenze i-Magic Keyboard yayo ngengalo ye-cantilever ebambe ngokukhuselekileyo i-iPad Pro okanye i-iPad Air yakho nakweyiphi na indawo. i-angle, ukusuka eme nkqo ukuya kwisihlalo, ngokuxhomekeke kumsebenzi wakho okanye kwindawo yokuhlala.Indlela entsha yesikere yesikere phantsi kwesitshixo ngasinye esilayitwe ngasemva ikwabonelela ngohambo oluphuphumayo lwe-1mm ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi ongundoqo - ngaphandle kokunyamezela imiba yokuqina kwezitshixo zebhabhathane ze-Apple.Plus , i-Magic Keyboard ine-USB-C eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi izibuko edibanisa kwi-iPad yakho ngetshaja nanini na xa uyincamathisela nge-magnetic stand.
Ngelixa iiTV ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziqala ukungena kwihlabathi lokudlala kwe-8K Ultra HD, iikhamera ze-cinema ze-Blackmagic sele zitsala ividiyo ye-12K kwi-12,288 x 6,480 ngefreyimu nganye kwaye phantse i-80 ye-megapixels kwifreyimu nganye. ukubamba, oku kucaca kunokusebenzisa kwayo.Ngokomzekelo, abafoti banokusebenzisa zonke ezi pixels ukudubula ngakumbi i-4K okanye i-8K i-footage, okanye irekhodi kunye nesityalo kwisisombululo esipheleleyo ngexesha le-post-production ngaphandle kokunciphisa umgangatho womfanekiso. Kwaye ngenxa ye-ultra entsha ye-Blackmagic -esebenzayo i-algorithm yoxinzelelo, awudingi ikhompyuter yedesktop ebiza kakhulu kunemoto yosapho ukuseta umfanekiso: ilaptop ephezulu inokusingatha ikliphu kakuhle.
I-Asus idibene ne-AMD ukwenza i-laptop yokuqala eyakhiwe nge-chips ye-4900HS ye-ultra-fast-fast yalo nyaka. Idityaniswe nekhadi lemifanekiso ye-Nvidia ye-RTX 2060, i-3.5-pound Zephyrus inezinga le-computing power computing efaniswa ne-desktop yokudlala.I-14″ iimpawu zesikrini. umboniso we-120 Hz kunye ne-NVMe i-slid state drive ihambisa idatha ngaphandle kwe-lag.Nangona zonke izihlunu zayo, i-Zephyrus isakwazi ukuhambisa ngaphezu kweeyure ze-9 zobomi bebhetri kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, eyibeka phezulu kwiklasi yayo xa ifika kumandla okulinganisa. kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi.
Ukutshaja okungenacingo kusebenza kakuhle xa ubeka isixhobo sakho ngokuthe ngqo kwi-coil yokungeniswa.I-Apple iqinisekisa ukuba i-iPhone 12 entsha kunye nesiqhagamshelo sayo se-MagSafe zijongeka zingcono ngalo lonke ixesha ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco lemagnethi enamandla ukulungelelanisa ngokugqibeleleyo iitshaja kunye nezixhobo zeselfowuni. yomelele kangangokuba akufuneki ukuba ususe izincedisi ezifana neemeko kunye nezipaji zekhadi ezihambelanayo.Ulungelelwaniso olulungisiweyo lukwanciphisa ukwakha ubushushu kwaye lucuthe ixesha lokutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% xa kuthelekiswa neepadi ezingenazingcingo.
Abanye abasebenzisi, ngakumbi abo banokukhubazeka okubonakalayo okanye ukuhamba okulinganiselweyo, baxhomekeke kwimiyalelo yelizwi phantse yonke imisebenzi kwiifowuni zabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kufuna inkqubo yokusebenza ukuba inike amanani amanani kwinto nganye ekwisikrini. Kodwa i-Android 11 inokwahlula ukuba yintoni okwenzekayo kumboniso, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba babhekiselele kwii-apps ngamagama ngaphandle kokucazulula amanani angenasizathu.Olu calulo lwe-semantic lukwavumela isoftware ukuchonga nokusebenzisana nezinto ezizimeleyo zephepha lewebhu, elifana nemifanekiso kunye nemimandla yeteksti, ukuzulazula lula Iwebhu.Sele isebenza ngokuchaneka okuchukumisayo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kwaye izakhono zayo kufuneka zande kwizizukulwana ezimbalwa ezizayo.
Okukhona isikrini sefowuni yakho sihlaziywa, kokukhona ukuswayipha kwakho kwisixhobo sakho kuya kujongeka lula.Kulula emehlweni, kodwa kunzima ebhetrini.I-Samsung's Inverter Display yaqalwa ngeGalaxy Note 20 kwaye inokuhlaziya isikrini ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha ali-120 ngomzuzwana. ngexesha lemisebenzi enzima yokunyakaza njengokuskrola okanye ukudlala. (Oko kuphindwe kabini njengeefowuni ezininzi.) Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ujonga imifanekiso emileyo okanye ufunda umbhalo, ihla ngokuzenzekelayo ukuya kwi-10 yokuhlaziya ngomzuzwana, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri ngokumalunga ne-60. Ipesenti.Nangona ngaphandle kokulungelelanisa ukunyakaza okugudileyo, umboniso we-Smart OLED uthembisa ukonga amandla angaphezulu kwe-20% xa kuthelekiswa nesikrini esiqhelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba unokonwabela ngokwenene ezo ziboniso zebhotolo ngaphandle kokuziva ubotshelelwe kumbane.
Ukuboniswa okucothayo okumnyama nokumhlophe okuqhelekileyo kufumaneka kwi-e-readers kuxhomekeke kwiteknoloji ebizwa ngokuba yi-E Ink, enika iingenelo ezithile ngaphezu kwezikrini eziqhelekileyo.Okokuqala, iyasebenza ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kubomi bebhetri.Okwesibini, umbhalo ocacileyo kulula ukuwenza. funda kwaye awuyi kutsala amehlo akho.Kodwa eyona nto isezantsi kukungabikho kombala.Oko kwatshintsha kulo nyaka ngetekhnoloji ye-E Ink's Kaleido, ebonakala kwii-e-readers ezahlukeneyo ngo-2020 (kubandakanywa nale ichazwe ngasentla isuka ePocketBook). Isikrini se-Kaleido sifumaneka ngemibala engama-4,096 ngenxa yoluhlu lwezihluzi ezihlala ngaphezu koluhlu lwe-inki oluqhelekileyo kwaye zenze ii-shades ezahlukeneyo - zifana nokuba zingaphi ii-HDTV ezisebenzayo. ixesha i-e-reader yombala ilungele ukubetha imarike, hayi into entsha ephoxayo.
Ukuba uthe wolule igophe le-Samsung's 49-intshi-wide G9 display kwisangqa esipheleleyo, inokuba neradiyasi yeenyawo ezintathu-enomlinganiselo we-1,000R. Lonto yomelele ngakumbi kuneemonitha eziqhelekileyo ezigobileyo, eziqhele ukujikeleza i-1,800R. uyilo luhambelana nokumila kwamehlo akho, ngoko ke umboniso ugcwalisa indawo yakho yokujonga ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokutsala nzima ukuba ubone imiphetho. Ukongeza kwifom yefom, i-G9 ithembisa ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwe-1-millisecond kunye ne-5,120 x 1,440 isisombululo-eyanele ukubamba. ezininzi zeekholamu zeTweetDeck zokuskrola okuphezulu kwentshabalalo.
I-Lenovo ichithe iminyaka engaphezulu kwemine iphuhlisa i-ThinkPad esongelayo, esebenzisa iscreen sethebhulethi egobekayo ukulinganisa ubume behinge.Iziboniso ze-OLED zelaptop ziye zavavanywa ngaphezulu kwezitshixo zokhuseleko ezingama-30,000. Ivuleke ngokupheleleyo, inokusetyenziswa njengethebhulethi eyi-13.3 ″ yeHD .Okanye yisonge ibe sisiqingatha kwaye uchwetheze kwikhibhodi yamagnetic (efihla kwisikrini esisongekileyo ngexesha lothutho) kwaye une-Intel-powered laptop epheleleyo.I-X1 Fold ithembisa ukuya kwiiyure ezi-8.5 zokusetyenziswa kwintlawulo enye okanye rhoqo. sebenzisa, kwaye ivavanyiwe kwimigangatho efanayo yamandla njengoomatshini be-ThinkPad beLenovo.
Uninzi lwabantu aludingi ikhamera ye-360-degree eyinyani, kodwa inkqubo yemodyuli ye-Insta360 yenza umsebenzi ophindwe kabini kunye negajethi enengqiqo kumntu wonke. Ukutshintsha imod ye-360-degree kwiperi yeelensi ezithatha i-5.7K yokujonga okujikelezayo onokuthi uyibukele kamva nge-headset ye-VR okanye kwii-apps ze-VR ezifana ne-YouTube.Ukutshintshana phakathi kwee-getups ezimbini kulula njengeebhloko ze-Lego.
Ngaphandle kwesiphithiphithi esibangelwe sisibetho se-coronavirus, amaxesha angonwabanga nawo akhombe indlela yokuqalisa izinto ezintsha. -sebenzisa, ngokukhawuleza, okuthembekileyo, kunye novavanyo oluphantsi kakhulu lwe-COVID-19; izixhobo zokhuselo lomntu ezifana neemaski zePrototype N95 ezisetyenziswayo; kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bafumana unyango olungcono kakhulu ngamaxesha anzima.Nangona ezi ntsuku zinzima, unyango olungcono kwimingeni ekhoyo efana ne-myopia, i-migraines, i-apnea yokulala kunye ne-acne iphumelele, inceda ukuqhubela phambili kwezempilo kulo nyaka kunikeze i-lining yesilivere kuthi sonke.
Uvavanyo lokufumanisa i-SARS-CoV-2, intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19, inokuthatha iintsuku ukuvelisa iziphumo. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha eliphakathi libalulekile. kwaye uncede uqhagamshelane neetracers ukuchonga nokwazisa nabani na abaye banxibelelana ngokusondeleyo.Iimveliso ezintsha ezingenakubalwa zokuvavanya amazinga osulelo kubantu baye bangena kwiiklinikhi ukususela ngoMatshi, kodwa enye ivelele: uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Abbott lwe-BinaxNOW, olufumene isigunyaziso sokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza. i-FDA ngo-Agasti.Inokubona i-COVID kwimizuzu eli-15, ixabisa malunga ne-5 yeedola ngovavanyo ngalunye, kwaye ayifuni zixhobo zelebhu ezikhethekileyo.
Ukwenza uvavanyo, i-paramedics ivula ikhadi - malunga nobukhulu belayisensi yokuqhuba - kwaye yongeze amathontsi ambalwa olwelo olubizwa ngokuba zii-reagents.Isisombululo sinemichiza esabela nge-SARS-Cov-2 nucleocapsid antigen, eyona proteni ininzi ye-coronavirus abantu abosulelayo.Umboneleli emva koko uthatha isampuli yempumlo esebenzisa iswab efakiweyo, ayifake ekhadini, aze asonge iphepha.Isiphumo esivumayo (esiboniswe njengemigca emibini epinki ngaphandle kwekhadi) siya kubonakala kwimizuzu emalunga ne-15. Inkqubo ichonge ngokuchanekileyo izigulane ezosulelwe yile ntsholongwane yenoveli ngama-97.1% yexesha kwaye ibonelele ngovavanyo oluchanekileyo lwe-98.5% yelo xesha, iyenza ibe luvavanyo oluthembekileyo nolukhawulezayo lwe-COVID-19.
Ngokutsho kophononongo luka-2013 kwiBritish Journal of Dermatology, i-acne vulgaris (ithetha "iqhelekileyo") ichaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-85 pesenti yabafikisayo kunye nabaselula e-United States. i-retinoic acid receptors (RARs) kumphezulu wolusu, evuselela kwaye ikhawulezise ukukhula kweeseli, ebangela ukuba iiseli ezindala zichithe ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinike indlela entsha, iiseli eziphilileyo. Kodwa le nkqubo idla ngokubangela ukuba isikhumba esomileyo, esicatshulweyo.I-prescription ye-Aklief Cream yimveliso yokuqala entsha ye-retinoid kwiminyaka engama-20 ekhetha ngokukhetha i-RAR gamma, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo i-retinoic acid receptor eluswini.Ngokujolisa kuphela eli qela lincinci, imveliso inokunciphisa ukubakho kokurhawuzelelwa, nto leyo eye yabangela ukuba abantu abaninzi abaneeqhayi banqande iretinoids.
I-Myopia, okanye ukubona kufutshane, kwenzeka xa ukhozo lweliso lomntu luphumela kude kakhulu kwisokethi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ukukhanya okungenayo kugxile kwiretina. ukuya kwingxelo ye-World Health Organization ka-2015, isifo sinokuchaphazela i-52 ipesenti yabantu behlabathi nge-2050. I-MiSight ye-1-Day Corrective Contact Lens yi-lens yokuqala yokudibanisa ukucotha isantya sabantwana abakwiqela elibalulekileyo le-8 ukuya kwi-12 iminyaka, xa i-myopia ifunyaniswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye isencinci. ukukhanya okubetha i-periphery ye-retina kuqondiswe kwakhona phambi kwayo, kuthintela ukukhula okunciphisa umbono ngokuhamba kwexesha.Kuphononongo, iilensi zanciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia ngama-59 ekhulwini kwiminyaka emithathu.
Kuba malunga ne-37 yezigidi zaseMelika eziphethwe yi-migraines, intloko ebuhlungu, ukukhanya kunye nesandi, kunye nesicaphucaphu kufuna ukukhululeka ngokukhawuleza. ukuqinisa, imisipha ye-muscle kunye ne-dizziness.Ubrelvy, i-gepants ye-migraine ye-migraine yokuqala entsha evunyiweyo ye-FDA, ithembisa ukukhulula iimpawu ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi.La machiza azama ukulawula umsebenzi we-molecule elawula intlungu ebizwa ngokuba yi-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) , amanqanaba aphakama ngexesha lokuhlaselwa.Ubrelvy usebenza ngokuthintela amandla eCGRP ukubopha kwi-receptors ehambelanayo emzimbeni, ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo i-migraine ukuba ingenzeki.
Abantu abaninzi abanohlobo loku-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile bathembele kwi-insulin ukuze bazinzise i-spikes kwishukela egazini emva kokutya, kwaye ukusilela ukulawula oku kuxhuma kwe-glucose kwandisa ingozi yezinye izifo, kuquka nesifo senhliziyo, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kunye nokulimala kwemithambo-luvo. ifestile emxinwa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi apho basebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa izigulane zinokuthatha i-Lyumjev naliphi na ixesha kwimizuzu engama-20 yokuqalisa ukutya. Kungenxa yokuba ifomula entsha ye-insulin iqulethe ichiza elibizwa ngokuba yi-treprostinil, elivula imithambo yegazi ukukhawulezisa ukufunxa, kunye ne-sodium citrate, kunciphisa ixesha elithathwayo ukuba ichiza lisebenze ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-13 - ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sechiza.
I-Obstructive sleep apnea yimeko apho izihlunu ezigcina iindlela zomoya zivulekile ziphumle xa ulele, zicuthe okanye zimise ukuphefumla kwaye kubangele izikhewu zokuphefumla ngamaxesha athile.Iingcali zePulmonologists ziqikelela ukuba malunga nama-80 ekhulwini omoya ophakathi ukuya kowona mandla awujongwanga.Withings' new ScanWatch is inkqubo yokulumkisa kwangaphambili ebonisa xa ilixesha lokubona ugqirha kwisifundo esibanzi sokulala.Impahla enxitywayo, okwangoku ilindele imvume ye-FDA, isebenzisa i-motion sensors, i-O2 sensors kunye ne-monitor yezinga lentliziyo ukuze ibone ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla kunye ne-oxygen saturation engabonisa ukuphazamiseka emoyeni. ebusuku.
Ekuqaleni kobhubhane, bekukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela (i-PPE), kunyanzelwa abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuba baphinde basebenzise izinto ezibalulekileyo njengeemaski ezi-N95. Kuba akukho ndlela isemgangathweni yokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye nokucoca i-PPE, i-CDC icebisa ukuba abasebenzi abayimfuneko bajikelezise. iimaski rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezintlanu kwaye zigcinwe kwiingxowa zephepha eziphefumlayo, zinciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.Abaphandi baseMIT naseBrigham naseSibhedlele sabaseTyhini batyhilwe ngoJulayi uyilo lomfanekiso wesikhuseli sobuso esinokusebenza njenge-N95 kodwa sinokuvalwa inzala kwaye siphinde sisetyenziswe. I-injection Molded Autoclavable, Expandable, Conformable (iMASC) inkqubo, isixhobo sakhiwe ngokukodwa ngerabha ye-silicone ehlala ixesha elide kwaye ineendawo zokubeka izihluzo ze-N95 ezitshintshayo okanye ezimbini ezitshintshiweyo. .Iqela liceba ukucokisa ngakumbi uyilo lwalo ukuze likwazi ukuhlalisa ngcono iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo zobuso, ingakumbi ezincinci, phambi kokuba zizise emarikeni.
I-Telemedicine kudala inamandla okuguqula ukhathalelo lwempilo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni okanye kwabo bangakwaziyo ukudibana nogqirha ngokobuqu, kodwa ubhubhani we-COVID-19 wenze ukuba kubaluleke ngakumbi. ulwazi oluya kufuna ngokuqhelekileyo ukutyelelwa komntu.Mayela nobukhulu bekomityi encinci yekofu, ukuseta okuxhunyiwe kwi-USB kunika oogqirha ukufikelela ngexesha langempela kwidatha evela kwizixhobo zokuhlola ezili-10, kuquka i-stethoscope, i-otoscope (yendlebe), i-ophthalmoscope. (ngomva weliso), kunye nedermatoscope (ngasemva kweliso). umonakalo kwesikhumba) -kunye ne-thermometers, i-pulse oximeters (esetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwizinga lentliziyo kunye namanqanaba oksijini wegazi), kunye ne-electrocardiogram sensors.Isixhobo silindele imvume ye-FDA, kwaye emva kokuvunywa, kufuneka ilungele ukusetyenziswa.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-automated external defibrillator (AED) kunokwandisa amathuba omntu okusinda ekubanjweni kwentliziyo.Ukusukela ngo-2004, amabala ezemidlalo kunye neendawo zokuzilolonga ziye zaxhotyiswa ngezi zixhobo zincinci kunezinga lesibhedlele, kodwa malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zeengozi zenzeke. kwiindawo zoluntu.Isixhobo se-HeartHero, okwangoku silindele i-FDA kunye nezinye iimvume ezilawulayo, i-wallet-size, i-AED elula ukuyisebenzisa enobunzima obuyi-1.3 yeepounds kwaye yenzelwe ukugcinwa kumakhaya abantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo. Ngokusebenzisa iphedi yokuphonononga esifubeni somntu (njengoko uyalelwa yimiyalelo yelizwi), umatshini ufunda ukubetha kwentliziyo yabo ukuze ufumanise ukuba ukothuka bekuchanekile; ukuba kunjalo, inikezela ngentlawulo efanelekileyo, emva koko iphinda ifunde isingqisho ukumisela ukuba kufuneka itrayi eninzi na.
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 unxunguphele kushishino lwezophapho lwezorhwebo, kodwa oko akukhange kuthintele ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwi-aerospace kulo nyaka uphelileyo. kunye nerover enamandla enyukliya kwindlela eya kuMars.Siye sakhankanya ukuba i-US ikhuphe ngempumelelo oosomajukujuku belizwe okokuqala ukusukela ngo-2011?qhubeka ufunda.
I-NASA ichithe amashumi eminyaka ifunda ngejoloji yeplanethi ebomvu kunye nekhemistri, kwaye ngoku ngomsebenzi wayo kaMars 2020, ijongana nombuzo omkhulu webhayoloji othi: Ngaba ubomi bakhe baphila kule planethi? -emva kokufika ngoFebruwari 2021, iya kuba yirover yokuqala eyenzelwe ukukhangela ubungqina obuthe ngqo bezidalwa ezidlulileyo okanye ezikhoyo. ukuya kuphando lwe-Mars.I-laser enamandla ye-SHERLOC ye-spectrometer iya kukhangela ilitye, ikhangele i-biomolecular twinkle enye-in-a-millionth. grail - amaqela eemolekyuli abonisa ubomi, njenge-amino acids okanye i-lipids (ubuncinci kangangoko sisazi) .Ukuba sinokubuyisela i-debris yaseMartian eMhlabeni ukuze sifunde ngakumbi, ubungqina bunokuba bungqina.Ukunyamezela kuya kunceda apha, njengoko iyirobhothi yokuqala yesithuba eyenzelwe ukugcina iisampulu ukuze ziphinde zibuyiselwe kwimisebenzi yexesha elizayo.
Xa oosomajukujuku uDoug Hurley noBob Behnken baqhushumba besuka eCape Canaveral nge-30 kaMeyi ngexesha lemishini yeCrew Dragon Demo-2, yaphawula ukuphakanyiswa okuyimbali-okokuqala kwiminyaka elithoba ukuba abantu basuswe kwilizwekazi lase-United States. yaza yathumela abantu emajukujukwini okokuqala ngqa.Yisiphekepheke sesihlanu esilawulwa ngumntu kuphela esakha sakhiwa yiMelika.UHurley noBehnken bakhwele iCrew Dragon, inkqubo yeSpaceX yenkulungwane yama-21 yokubhabha enescreen esikhulu sokuchukumisa kunye nokukwazi ukufikelela kwiSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe. ngaphandle kwegalelo lomqhubi.Kwaye, ngokokuqala ngqa, i-NASA yanikezela ulawulo lobuthunywa kwinkampani yabucala.Abasebenzi be-SpaceX e-Hawthorne, eCalifornia, baqhube umboniso ngelixa umqhubi we-Houston egcina iso. 2, umlawuli we-SpaceX waxela kwangaphambili ikamva le-spaceflight yorhwebo, esithi, "Wamkelekile eMhlabeni kwaye enkosi ngokubhabha i-SpaceX."
NgoFebruwari, i-Arhente yaseYurophu yaseMajukujukwini yahlohla ilebhu yelanga kwirokethi yaze yayiphosela elangeni.I-NASA's Parker Solar Probe ikhusela iikhamera ezijonge elangeni kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinobulky, eziethe-ethe ukuze zikwazi ukujikeleza kufutshane neyona nkwenkwezi ikufutshane nathi, ngelixa i-ESA's orbiter. yenza ulungelelaniso: Ihlala Kude, kodwa izele zizixhobo.Njengomciko wokuqala wokuba nekhamera ekwaziyo ukujonga ngqo eLangeni kuluhlu olusondeleyo, isiphekepheke siyilelwe ukuva impepho ebethwa ngumoya welanga size silandele emva. ukuya kugqabhuko-dubulo olusenokuba luzibangele.Izixhobo ezilishumi zalo matshini zifihlwe emva kwekhuselo lobushushu lale mihla eliya kubanceda bakhaliphe kwimitha evuthayo.
I-Fuel ligazi lobomi besathelayithi: ukuphela kwayo kuthetha ukuphela komsebenzi.Okanye ubuncinci benzile, de iVehicle yokuqala yoKwandiswa kweMishini (MEV-1) yazisa isathelayithi ye-geostationary egulayo umva ukusuka kumda wokufa.NgoFebruwari, MEV -1 yasondela kwisathelayithi yonxibelelwano ye-Intelsat 901, ezazihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kwisithuba esimalunga ne-7,000 mph. Izinzwa ezintathu, kubandakanywa ne-lidar rangefinder, zisebenza njengamehlo e-MEV-1, ebamba i-Intelsat 901 nge-injini kwaye iyibambe ngayo. Ukuchaneka kwemilimitha.Njengoko i-MEV-1's thrusters yombane ithatha indawo yeekhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa iisathelayithi eziguga, i-hardware inokwandisa ubomi besithuthi ngenye iminyaka emihlanu. iisathelayithi kwi-geosynchronous orbit, kwaye iqalise umsebenzi wayo wesibini, i-MEV-2, ngo-Agasti 15.Ukwahlula kunye nokuhlangula iithagethi ezintsha.
Kwi-helicopter, i-rotor enkulu ephezulu inoxanduva lokuphakamisa, ngelixa i-rotor yomsila isebenza njengesixhobo esichasene ne-torque. ayikho, i-helicopter iya kujikeleza kwizangqa.Kodwa i-Bell's Electrical Distributed Anti-Torque (EDAT) demonstrator ekhangayo yenza into eyahlukileyo: Endaweni yokudibanisa ngomatshini, inkqubo yombane yenza umsebenzi. leyo ke iqhube iifeni ezine ezigqunywe ngumsila emsileni.Isiphumo yintaka yenkanyamba ezolileyo kunesiqhelo, kodwa enokukhuseleka ngakumbi.Xa imiswe emhlabeni, i-rotor engundoqo yenqwelomoya inokujikeleza icinyiwe ifeni yomsila, isusa ingozi ebulalayo. abasebenzi abaphantsi.Oku akunakwenzeka kwi-helicopter eqhelekileyo.
Ukubuyela umva malunga neminyaka engama-20, abantu ababenikwe imali eninzi babenendlela yokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu ngeConcorde. .Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha, isiqalo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Boom satyhila i-XB-1, isithuthi esisebenza njengelitye lokunyathela ukuhamba nge-supersonic - njengokusuka eNew York ukuya eLondon kwiiyure ze-3.5 - kuba yinyani.I-71-foot-long I-XB-1 iseza kubhabha, kwaye incinane kakhulu kunoguqulelo olucwangcisiweyo lomkhweli wexesha elizayo olubizwa ngokuba yi-Overture.Kodwa ezinye izinto zenqwelo-moya engumzekelo, ezinjengokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yekhamera ukunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babone umgaqo weenqwelo-moya xa befika, kufuneka bancede ukwazisa. Uhambo lwexesha elizayo lukaBoom lokwakha ijethi entsha yeConcorde. I-XB-1 kulindeleke ukuba yenze inqwelomoya yayo yokuqala ngo-2021.
Khawucinge nje indlela abanokuba boyikeka ngayo abakhweli kwinqwelo-moya encinane xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya engakwazi ukwenza izinto ngenxa yemeko engxamisekileyo yonyango efana nesifo sentliziyo. I-Autoland ithatha indawo ukusuka apho - khetha isikhululo seenqwelomoya, bhabha inqwelomoya ngokwakho, kwaye ulahle izixhobo zokumisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo - ukumisa isithuthi ngokukhuselekileyo. ayidityaniswanga nenqwelomoya ixesha elibekiweyo.Ngoku iqinisekisiwe kwiintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelomoya, zonke iinqwelomoya ezincinci: iPiper M600, iDaher TBM 940 kunye neCirrus Vision Jet.UGarmin uthi ugqibezele ukuhlalwa kovavanyo lwe-1,000 kunye ne-Autoland. , kodwa akukafuneka isetyenziswe kwimeko engxamisekileyo yokwenene - nangona inkampani iqikelela ukuba inkqubo inokuthintela malunga neengozi ezintathu e-United States ngonyaka.
Sonke siqhelene kakhulu nokuhlala ecaleni kunye nabamelwane bethu kwinqwelomoya egcwele abantu.I-Celera 500L prototype inokuhlala kuphela abakhweli abathandathu, kwaye iqela linethemba lokuzisa iindleko kunye nexesha lokuhamba leenqwelomoya zabucala ukuya kumanqanaba orhwebo, ukuze Kwanomntu oqhelekileyo unokubhabha ngenqwelomoya encinci, ekhululekile ngakumbi. Ubume bomzimba othambileyo kunye nepropeller yangasemva yenzelwe ukudala into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-aerodynamic ebizwa ngokuba yi-laminar flow, apho umoya uqukuqela kwi-laminae egudileyo phezu kwenqwelo-moya. ukuze yonge amafutha ngakumbi kuneentshaba zayo—mhlawumbi izihlandlo ezine okanye ngaphezulu—ixabiso lokukhwela lifanele ligcinwe liphantsi; okokuqala, iindleko zokulungisa ezicwangcisiweyo ezisezantsi kunye namaxabiso estikha atshiphu kufuneka nawo ancede ukufezekisa le njongo.Ngale ndlela, sinokubhabha ngokukhululeka kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezincinci.
Inqwelomoya enobude obuziimitha ezingama-38 ijongeka njengejethi yokulwa kwaye yenzelwe ukubhabha njengenye - kodwa ayinayo indawo yomqhubi wayo.Inqanawa engenabantu yenzelwe ukusebenza njengelungu leqela lerobhothi, elibhabhayo. ecaleni okanye phambi kwenqwelo-moya eqhelekileyo.Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa buya kunceda oomatshini - inxalenye yeprojekthi ebizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yokuHlanganisa amandla omoya - ukwenza lo msebenzi onzima.Ingcamango emva kweerobhothi ezibhabhayo kukuba zinokwenza izinto ezifana nokungena kwiindawo eziyingozi, okanye ukunceda. khusela inqwelomoya ekhaphayo.Ijethi nganye inempumlo ekhutshwa ngokupheleleyo, evumela amaqela asemhlabeni ukuba atshintshe ngokukhawuleza umthwalo womsebenzi omncinci njengoko i-mission iyalela.
Inqwelo-moya ye-XXL yorhwebo yenza inqwelo-moya yayo yokuqala ngoJanuwari.Yintoni eyenza ibe yinto ekhethekileyo kukuba ineqhinga ekupheleni kwamaphiko ayo: iingcebiso ziyakwazi ukugotywa phezulu naphantsi.Xa zixutywe, amaphiko angama-213 ezinyaweni kuphela. — zicuthene ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingene kwindawo ebekelwe ucango. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba zinduluke, ziyatyhileka zenze isithuba esimalunga neemitha ezingama-235 ubude. Yintoni injongo yazo zonke ezi ntshukumo zokusonga? Iprimiyamu xa isiza kwindawo yokupaka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.Inqwelomoya enkulu ikwaxhotyiswe ngeyona njini inkulu yejethi ngeenxa zonke, iGE9X, nganye inefan yobubanzi obuziimitha ezili-11.
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 wenze ukubhabha kucinezele ngakumbi kuye wonke umntu. Kodwa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ezizitulo zengalo ezilangazelela ukukhwela kwi-cockpit bafumana into entsha kulo nyaka, inguqulelo entsha yeMicrosoft Flight Simulator elingana nejeti enkulu - eyokuqala yohlobo lwayo ukusukela ngo-2006. .Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa buncede ekudaleni eminye yemizobo emihle yomdlalo, njengemilo yezakhiwo, kwaye indlela entsha yokulinganisa ukubhabha yenza intshukumo yenqwelo moya esithubeni ibeyinyani kunakuqala. I-Cessna 172 okanye i-Boeing Dreamliner - akukho zifundo zokubhabha ezifunekayo.
Ukufudusa amafutha kwiinqwelo-moya ukuya kwiijethi zokulwa emoyeni, njengeejethi zokulwa, ngumsebenzi oyingozi kakhulu. Zombini ezi nqwelo-moya zibhudla esibhakabhakeni, amawaka eekhilogram zamafutha ahamba phakathi kwazo. Esebenzisa indlela eqhelekileyo, lowo uyisebenzisayo uthoba ingalo ende. ukusuka kwi-tanker ukuya phezulu kwinqwelo-moya efumanayo. Kodwa i-Airbus iye yaqulunqa indlela yokwenza eli shishini linobungozi ngokucofa iqhosha. ihambisa i-boom kwindawo yokuvumela i-kerosene ukuba ihambe.Isiphumo, i-Airbus ithi, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko, kunye nomsebenzi omncinci womntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-19-2022
