Vavu yamagetsi ndi ubwino wa valve ya pneumatic ndi kuipa kwake njira yoyendetsera makina opangira ma valve

Vavu yamagetsi ndi ubwino wa valve ya pneumatic ndi kuipa kwake njira yoyendetsera makina opangira ma valve

Kutentha kwa ntchito kumatsimikizira kutentha kwa chilengedwe cha valavu, ndipo m'mimba mwake mwadzina la valve imatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. Ndi masamu yunifolomu mtengo wa valavu kudziwa torsion kasupe kapena ndodo yunifolomu gulu, ndiyeno malingana ndi ntchito zinthu kudziwa valavu zakuthupi dongosolo mawonekedwe, ndiyeno malinga ndi valavu kutayikira voliyumu kuwuka kuwerengera valavu m'mimba mwake.
Zotsatirazi ndi malamulo ambiri osankha ma valve.
Ma valve magetsi oyendetsa magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amagetsi kapena zomera za batri ya nyukiliya, pambuyo pake, mu pulogalamu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamadzi othamanga kwambiri amafunikira njira yosalala, yokhazikika komanso yodekha. Ubwino wofunikira wa choyatsira magetsi ndi kukhazikika kwapamwamba komanso kukhazikika kokhazikika komwe wogwiritsa ntchito angagwiritse ntchito. Mphamvu yopangidwa ndi actuator yayikulu kwambiri imatha kufika 225000kgf. Ndi hydraulic actuator yokhayo yomwe ingathe kukwaniritsa mphamvu yotereyi, koma mtengo waumisiri wa hydraulic actuator udzakhala wokwera kwambiri kuposa magetsi. Mulingo wa anti-offset wa actuator yamagetsi ndi wabwino kwambiri. The linanena bungwe kukankhira kapena makokedwe ali kwenikweni ndi khola, amene angathe kuchotsa mphamvu osagwirizana wa sing'anga ndi kukwaniritsa kulamulira molondola ndondomeko index. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kuwongolera ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwamagetsi amagetsi. Ngati servo amplifier ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, imatha kumaliza mosavuta kusinthana kwa zotsatira zabwino ndi zoipa, komanso kuyika mosavuta malo a valve yopuma (sungani / kutsegula / kutseka), ndipo cholakwikacho chiyenera kungokhala pa chiyambi, chomwe chiri. komanso osachitidwa ndi chowongolera magetsi, chowongolera magetsi chiyenera kudalira dongosolo lachitetezo kuti likwaniritse chitetezo chamalo. Zowonongeka za magetsi oyendetsa magetsi makamaka zimaphatikizapo mapangidwe ovuta, omwe amatha kuchitika zolakwika zambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwake, zofunikira zaukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito yokonza zomangamanga zidzakhala zapamwamba; Kuthamanga kwagalimoto kuyenera kukhala kotentha, ngati kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, kosavuta kuyambitsa kutenthedwa kwagalimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa chitetezo chambiri, komanso kulimbikitsa kuvala kwa zida zochepetsera; Palinso ntchito yocheperako pang'onopang'ono, kuchokera kwa wolamulira amatulutsa chizindikiro, kusintha mayankhidwe a valve ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ku gawo lofanana, liyenera kukhala lalitali, izi zimafananizidwanso ndi pneumatic, hydraulic actuator area. Makina oyang'anira ma valve oyendetsa magetsi ndi makina oyendetsa ndi ogwirizana, makina ake owongolera ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya filimu ya pulasitiki kapena makina a pistoni.
Kukonzekera kwa makina a pistoni ndiatali, kumagwira ntchito pakukhalapo kwa malo ena oponderezedwa; Kapangidwe kamembala ka stroke ndi kakang'ono, ndipo mpando wokhawo umakankhidwa nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chowongolera chibayo chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika, kutulutsa kwakukulu, kaimidwe kokhazikika komanso kodalirika, komanso chitetezo ndi kuphulika, ntchito zina popanga malo opangira magetsi, malo opangira mankhwala, zoyenga mafuta ndi zina zofunika kwambiri zachitetezo. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a actuator ya pneumatic: kuvomereza chizindikiro cha gasi chopitilira, kutulutsa mzere wofananira (zida zosinthira mphamvu / mpweya, zimathanso kuvomereza ma sign amagetsi osalekeza), zina kuphatikiza mkono, zimatha kutulutsa liwiro la angular.
Pali zabwino ndi zochita mphamvu.
Kuthamanga kwachangu ndikwapamwamba, koma liwiro limachepetsa pamene katundu akuwonjezeka.
Mphamvu yotulutsa ikugwirizana ndi kutentha kwa ntchito.
Kudalirika kwakukulu, koma valavu silingathe kusungidwa pambuyo pa kutha kwa valve ya pneumatic (ikhoza kusungidwa pambuyo powonjezera valavu yosungira).
Sikoyenera kumaliza gawo loyang'anira ndikuwongolera.
Kukonzekera kosavuta, kusinthika kwabwino kwa chilengedwe.
Kutulutsa Mphamvu yotulutsa ndi yayikulu.
Ndi ntchito yoteteza moto.
Njira yoyendetsera makina opangira ma valve pneumatic ndi chifukwa pali njira zambiri zowongolera ndi njira masiku ano. M'mafakitale apadera opanga mafakitale ndi kuwongolera kupanga mafakitale, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera ma pneumatic actuators ndizochulukirapo. Zodziwika bwino ndi izi.
Chida chowonetsera chanzeru chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira momwe ma valavu amagwirira ntchito, ndikuwongolera nthawi yachitetezo cha valve ya ntchito yoyenera ya chida ndi zida, makamaka kudzera mu sensa yapawiri gawo kuyang'anira malo ogwirira ntchito, kusiyanitsa valavu mu valavu yotseguka. kapena valavu chatsekedwa, malinga ndi pulogalamu olembedwa mbiri valavu lophimba deta, Ndipo pali njira ziwiri lolingana ndi valavu kutsegula 4 ~ 20mA linanena bungwe ndi bipedal zambiri lotseguka kawirikawiri chatsekedwa linanena bungwe kukhudzana.
Kupyolera mu linanena bungwe deta chizindikiro, ulamuliro valavu mphamvu lophimba malo.
Malinga ndi zofunikira za pulogalamu yamapulogalamu, chida chowonetsera valavu chanzeru chikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu kuchokera ku mapangidwe a hardware ndi kupanga: gawo lofananitsa, gawo la deta, fungulo la ntchito / gawo lowonetsera.
1, gawo lophatikizika la digito limaphatikizapo kusintha magetsi, gawo lamagetsi la analogi, kuyika kwa analogi ndi gawo lamagetsi lotulutsa magawo atatu.
Gawo losinthira magetsi limapereka mphamvu zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi, kuphatikiza mabwalo ophatikizika a digito, mapangidwe amagetsi a digito ndi zofunikira zamphamvu zolembedwa.
Kuti muzindikire kuwongolera kwakutali kwa kutsegulidwa kwa ma valve, zidziwitso zotsegulira ma valve ziyenera kutumizidwa ku dashboard ina yowongolera, nthawi yomweyo dashboard yowongolera imatha kupangidwa kuchokera patali kuti mutsegule, pulogalamuyo iyenera kukhala 4 ~ 20mA. chizindikiro cha data ya analogi ndi 1 ~ 2 4 ~ 20mA kulowetsa kwa analogi ndi chizindikiro cha deta.
Chizindikiro cha data cha analogi chimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha analogi chofanana ndi kutsegulidwa kwa valve molingana ndi A / D kenako ndikuperekedwa ku gawo la data la single-chip microcomputer design, ndipo imatha kutulutsa pambuyo posefa pa single-chip microcomputer. kupanga. Zomwe zimatsegulira za valve zimasinthidwa kukhala A digito yotulutsa chizindikiro malinga ndi D / A, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa chida chowonetsera kuti chisonyeze kutsegula kwa valve kapena kulumikiza makina ena olamulira ndi zipangizo. Mu chida chopangira, chidziwitso chilichonse chamtundu wa digito chimatengera kulumikizana kwakanthawi kwa njira yolowera, kuti mupulumutse zida zapaintaneti za chip ndi danga, kulowetsa 4 ~ 20mA analogi polowera voliyumu, njira yomwe ilipo 4. DA processing chip ndi 51 microcontroller seva zothandizira zophatikizana kwambiri ndi pulogalamu ya 8-bit AD.
2. Gawo la mapangidwe amagetsi a digito makamaka limaphatikizapo: kapangidwe ka microcomputer kachipangizo kakang'ono, chitetezo cha kulephera kwa mphamvu, kuzindikira kwapawiri kwa siginecha imodzi ya pulse, njira ziwiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatseguka zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsekedwa kutembenuka.
Pamapangidwe a pulogalamuyi, AT89C4051 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano.
AT89C4051 ndi chowongolera chochepa kwambiri, chogwira ntchito kwambiri cha CMOS8-bit chokhala ndi 4K byte chofufutika, chobwerezabwereza cholemba pulogalamu yotetezedwa ndi flash memory chip.
Kuti pawiri multifunctional 8-bit CPU kung'anima Chip mu soc chip, mu makhalidwe, lamulo Zikhazikiko ndi mapini ndi 80C51 ndi 80C52 kwathunthu kusintha.
Zimaganiziridwa bwino kuti zida zikazimitsidwa kapena kuyambiranso, ndikofunikira kusunga magawo ena akuluakulu a mavavu omwe adayikidwa kale mu gulu la zida, ndipo kukumbukira pamapangidwe a single-chip microcomputer kulibe ntchito yozimitsa kusungirako. , kotero chip X5045 chokhala ndi mphamvu yozimitsa yosungirako chimakulitsidwa kunja kwa chip.
X5045 ndi gawo lamagetsi losinthika lomwe limaphatikiza watchdog 1, kuyang'anira mphamvu ndi kulumikizana kwa serial EEPROM. Mtundu woterewu wophatikizana ukhoza kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa dera lamagetsi kwa malo ozungulira bwalo m'nyumba. Watchdog 1 mu X5045 imapereka kukonza dongosolo. Woyang'anira 1 pa board board atenga chizindikiro cha RESET data ku CPU.
X5045 imabweretsa nthawi zitatu kuti wosuta asankhe pulogalamu.
Imakhala ndi ntchito yowunikira magetsi ogwirira ntchito imatha kutetezanso dongosololi kuti lisamakhudzidwe ndi mphamvu yamagetsi otsika, pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwera pansi pamlingo wovomerezeka, imasinthidwa yokha mpaka mphamvu yamagetsi ibwerera kumtengo wokhazikika.
Chikumbutso cha X5045 chimatha kulumikizana ndi CPU kudzera pa doko la serial.
Chiwerengero cha zilembo za 4069 zitha kuwonetsedwa mu 512 x 8 byte.
Mapangidwe a pini a X5045 akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi 1 pansipa. Ili ndi mapini a 8, ndipo mphamvu ya pini iliyonse ikuwonetsedwa motere: CS: sankhani mapeto a dera lamagetsi, magetsi otsika otsika; SO: serial data linanena bungwe terminal; SI: serial data input terminal; SCK: serial communication digital wotchi linanena bungwe terminal; WP: zolemba zoteteza, kutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ndikoyenera; RESET: sinthani zotuluka; Vcc: kusintha kwa magetsi; Vss: terminal terminal.
INA ndiye chizindikiro cholowera, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chosiyana cha valavu (10mA) chosonkhanitsidwa ndi sensa ya infrared. Chizindikiro cha data chimasefedwa ndi fyuluta capacitor kenako imatumizidwa ku optocoupler, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala siginecha yamagetsi yotulutsa ndikutumizidwa ku mapangidwe a MCU.
Mphamvu yotulutsa imatha kukhala molunjika padoko la I/O lopangidwa ndi chip microcomputer imodzi. Poyang'anira, pokhapokha pamene ma pulse a A ndi B amtundu umodzi alandiridwa angaganizidwe kuti zolowetsazo ndi chizindikiro cha deta, AB ndi kutembenuka kwabwino ndipo BA imabwerera.
Osawerengera pomwe chizindikiro chimodzi chokha cha data chalembedwa.
Tsegulani kawiri ndi kutseka, nthawi zambiri lotseguka komanso lotsekedwa kusintha kukhudzana linanena bungwe.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza ma relay, molingana ndi kuwongolera kwa solenoid valve kuwongolera chowongolera chapneumatic chofanana ndi kutsegulira kapena kutseka kwa valve.
3. Gawo lachiwonetserocho makamaka limaphatikizapo: mapangidwe a microcomputer single-chip, 4-bit LED mawonetseredwe, magetsi a 3 (automatic, kutsogolo, kumbuyo), makiyi a 3 (MODE / SET key, up key, down key).
AT89C4051 single chip microcomputer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera chiwonetsero cha 4-bit LED, ndi kulumikizana ndi gawo la data la kapangidwe ka chip microcomputer, komanso kuchita kusankha kofananira ndi kuwongolera kwa wowongolera.
Chida chowonetsera chimaperekedwa ndi nyali zitatu zosonyeza momwe makinawo alili: kuzungulira kozungulira, kutembenuka, kudzidzimutsa; Makiyi atatu ogwirira ntchito: fungulo la MODE/SET, kiyi yokwera, kiyi yotsika, wongolerani mawonekedwe a actuator ndi magawo ena kukonzanso.
Magawo atatuwa amalumikizidwa molingana ndi jack, ndikupanga pulogalamu yathunthu yowongolera, yomwe imatha kuwongolera mapampu ena ofanana ndi pneumatic ndi ma actuators ena. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, mitundu yonse ya magwiridwe antchito a pre-standard imamalizidwa.
(ziwiri) kugwiritsa ntchito PLC kulamulira mapulogalamu mu pulogalamu yoyendetsera pulogalamu yowonjezereka, chifukwa ndondomekoyi yopangira chitukuko ndi mapangidwe a OMRON's PLC pamwamba, kotero kuti OMRON's PLC apange chiyambi.
Kusintha kwa Hardware: 1 kompyuta, 1 seti ya PLC (kuphatikiza CPU, I/O control module, > Mfundo yake yopangira ndi: ndi PC molingana ndi RS-232 serial communication yolumikizidwa ndi OMRON PLC, kuchita mapulogalamu ndi kuyang'anira PLC.
PLC I / O control module motsatana yolumikizidwa ndi kulowetsa, kutulutsa kwa data, komwe gawo lolowera limatumizidwa ku valavu mu sensa ya 2 gawo, molingana ndi gawo lothandizira la PLC> molingana ndi gawo lowongolera la PLC OC225 control 2 solenoid valavu, valavu ya solenoid yokhala ndi magulu a 2 omwe nthawi zambiri amatsegula otsekedwa, gulu limodzi la ma valve otseguka, gulu limodzi la ma valve otsekedwa.
Mukatsegula valavu, pamene kutsegula kwa valve kuli kwakukulu kapena kofanana ndi mtengo wapadera wa valve pambuyo potsegula malo okhudzana ndi valavu, kutsegula kwa valve kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi mtengo wapadera wa valve pambuyo potsegula malo okhudzana ndi valavu, pangani zomwe zimapangidwira. Kutsegula ma valve otulutsa kukhudzana ndi kutsegulira pambuyo potsegula kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi mtengo wapadera woyika valavu.
Potseka valavu, pamene valavu yatsekedwa pa zero ndipo palibe phokoso limodzi lothandizira mkati mwa 21s, malo okhudzana ndi valve amatsekedwa; Ngati pali kulowetsa kwa monopulse mu 21s, chepetsani 21s kuchoka pamalo okhudzana ndi valavu.
Malinga ndi kuyamwa kwa valavu ya solenoid kuti muwongolere kusintha kwa mphamvu kwa ma valve awiri a solenoid, relay imatsegulidwa, ndipo makina oyendetsa mpweya amatha kuwongoleredwa kuti apititse patsogolo valavu kuti atsegule kapena kutseka malo.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusinthana kwapafupi ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya valve kumasamutsidwa ku PLC, ndikuyerekeza ndi kutsegulidwa kwa valve mpaka kukwaniritse zofunikira za odulidwa.
Ziro zodziwikiratu komanso kukhazikika kwathunthu: pulogalamu yowongolera imakhala ndi ziro zodziwikiratu komanso kukhazikika kwathunthu. Pamene kutsegulidwa kwa valve kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi kubwerera ku mtengo wa zero kapena mtunda wotsegulira valavu wodzaza ndi wotsika kuposa mtengo wonse wosinthika, ndipo nthawi ndi yaikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa nthawi yokhazikika, PLC yodzilamulira yokha. kuti mubwerere ku ziro kapena zonse zodziwikiratu.
Mu ntchito yoyesera, kutsegula kwa valve kumayesedwa ndi gawo la sensor mu valve.
Pamene valavu imasiya sensor A poyamba ndiyeno sensa B, imasonyeza kuti valve ikutseka.
Pamene valavu imasiya sensor B poyamba ndiyeno sensa A, imasonyeza kuti valavu yatseguka.
Sensa imalandira chizindikiro chosiyana, chomwe chimalemba mawonekedwe a valve malinga ndi chizindikiro cha deta chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa ndi gawo la sensor. Pulogalamuyi idalembedwa ndi CX-programmer, pulogalamu yowongolera manambala, ndikutsitsidwa ku PLC kuti igwire ntchito. Pulogalamuyi imayang'aniridwa ndikuyang'aniridwa pakukonza mapulogalamu apamwamba apakompyuta. Kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya valve kungatanthauzidwe ndi mtengo wozungulira wolowetsa pa tsamba lokonzekera.
Pambuyo pomaliza tsamba la pulogalamu yokonzekera, machitidwe olamulira a ma valve otsegula, kutseka kwa valve, kuthetsa ndi kulamulira kwachipata chachikulu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito molunjika pa mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu osinthika momveka bwino. Mfundo ya pneumatic valve actuator imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa kulimbikitsa kubwereza kwa pneumatic kwa zigawo zingapo mu actuator, imathandizira mawonekedwe a mtengo wonyamulira ndi njanji yamkati yokhotakhota, imathandizira kusuntha kwa mayendedwe ozungulira ozungulira, kumatumiza chimbale cha gasi kugawo lililonse. silinda, imasintha polowera mpweya ndi mbali zotulutsiramo kuti zisinthe kolowera, ndikusintha kolowera kozungulira molingana ndi zofunikira za torque yozungulira ya katundu (vavu). Itha kusintha kuchuluka kwa ma silinda, kukankhira katundu (valavu) ikugwira ntchito.
Njira ziwiri zolumikizirana njira zisanu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi zida zapawiri-effect pneumatic actuator, ndipo magawo awiri amatha kuwongolera magawo awiri: Kutsegula, njira zisanu zimakhala ndi njira zisanu zotetezera mpweya, zomwe 1 imalumikizidwa ndi valavu ya pneumatic, 2 imalumikizidwa ndi cholowera ndi kutulutsa kwa chipinda chamkati chamkati cha silinda yochita kawiri, ndipo 2 imapitilira ndi kulowa ndi kutulutsa kwa chipinda chamkati chamkati. Mfundo yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito ikhoza kutumizidwa ku mfundo ya double effect pneumatic actuator.