Ukukhethwa kwama-valve okunikezwa kwamanzi kanye nepayipi lokudonsa amanzi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwama-valve ahlukahlukene

Ukukhethwa kwama-valve okunikezwa kwamanzi kanye nepayipi lokudonsa amanzi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwama-valve ahlukahlukene

(1) Amavalvu asetshenziswa epayipini lokuphakela amanzi ngokuvamile akhethwa ngokwale migomo elandelayo: 1. Uma ububanzi bepayipi bungengaphezu kwama-50mm, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-valve yeglobhu, futhi lapho ububanzi bepayipi bungaphezu kwama-50mm. , i-valve yesango kanye ne-butterfly valve isetshenziswa. I-2, idinga ukulungisa ukugeleza, ingcindezi yamanzi lapho kusetshenziswa i-valve yokulawula, i-valve yokumisa. 3. Izingxenye ezidinga ukumelana nokugeleza kwamanzi amancane (njengepayipi lokumunca iphampu yamanzi) kufanele zisebenzise ivalvu yesango.
1. Ukukhethwa nokusetha ama-valve:
Izingcezu izingcezu
(1) Amavalvu asetshenziswa epayipini lokuphakela amanzi ngokuvamile akhethwa ngokwale migomo elandelayo:
I-1, ububanzi bepayipi alikho ngaphezu kuka-50mm, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-valve yembulunga, ububanzi bepayipi bukhulu kuno-50mm, ukusetshenziswa kwe-valve yesango, i-valve butterfly.
I-2, idinga ukulungisa ukugeleza, ingcindezi yamanzi lapho kusetshenziswa i-valve yokulawula, i-valve yokumisa.
3. Izingxenye ezidinga ukumelana nokugeleza kwamanzi amancane (njengepayipi lokumunca iphampu yamanzi) kufanele zisebenzise ivalvu yesango.
4. I-valve yesango kanye ne-butterfly valve kufanele isetshenziswe engxenyeni yepayipi lapho amanzi edinga ukugeleza kabili, futhi i-valve yokumisa akufanele isetshenziswe.
5. I-Butterfly ne-valve yebhola kufanele isetshenziselwe izingxenye ezinendawo encane yokufaka.
6. Kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa i-valve yokumisa engxenyeni yepayipi evame ukuvulwa futhi ivaliwe.
7. Ivalvu esebenza kaningi kufanele isetshenziswe epayipini lokuphuma lephampu lamanzi elinezinga elikhulu.
Izingcezu izingcezu
(2) Amavalvu azosethwa ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo zepayipi eliphakela amanzi:
1. Ipayipi lokuphakela amanzi lesifunda okuhlalwa kuzo lisuka engxenyeni yepayipi lokungena epayipini lokuphakela amanzi likamasipala.
2. Amanodi enethiwekhi yamapayipi endandatho yangaphandle esifundeni sokuhlala azosethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuhlukaniswa. Uma ingxenye yepayipi ye-annular yinde kakhulu, kuhle ukusetha i-valve ehlukanisiwe.
3. Ukuqala kwepayipi legatsha noma ipayipi lasendlini liqala epayipini elomile eliphakela amanzi endaweni okuhlala kuyona.
4. Ipayipi lasekhaya, imitha yamanzi kanye nesikhuphukeli segatsha ngasinye (phansi kwesikhuphukeli, phezulu naphansi ekugcineni kwesikhuphukeli senethiwekhi yamapayipi ayindandatho aqondile).
5. Ipayipi eliyinhloko lenethiwekhi yepayipi le-annular kanye nepayipi elixhumayo lenethiwekhi yamapayipi egatsha.
6. Indawo okuqalwa kuyo ipayipi lokusabalalisa amanzi elisuka epayipini lokuphakela amanzi elisendlini ukuya endlini yangasese nendlu yangasese yomphakathi ibekwa uma kunezindawo zokusabalalisa amanzi ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu epayipini legatsha lokusabalalisa amanzi.
I-7, ipompo yamanzi ephuma epayipini lamanzi, ipompo yokudonsa yepompo yokuzigcwalisa.
8. Amapayipi amanzi okungena, okukhipha kanye nokukhipha amanzi.
9. Ipayipi lokugcwalisa amanzi lemishini (njenge-heater, umbhoshongo wokupholisa, njll.).
10, izinto zikagesi ezihlanzekile (ezifana nepayipi elikhulu, elokuchamela, isitsha sokuwasha, ishawa, njll.) ipayipi lokuhambisa amanzi.
11. Ezinye izesekeli, njenge-valve yokukhipha i-othomathikhi, i-valve yokusiza ukucindezela, isinqamuli sesando samanzi, igeji yokucindezela, i-sprinkler bolt, njll., i-valve yokunciphisa ukucindezela kanye nesivimbeli sokubuyela emuva ngaphambi nangemuva.
12. Ingxenye engezansi yenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi kufanele imiswe ngevalvu yokukhipha amanzi.
Izingcezu izingcezu
(3) Amavalvu okuhlola kufanele akhethwe ngokuya kwendawo yokufaka, ingcindezi yamanzi ngaphambi kwevalvu, izidingo zokusebenza kokuvala ngemva kokuvalwa kanye nobukhulu besando samanzi esibangelwa ukuvala nezinye izici:
1. Uhlobo lwe-Swing, uhlobo lwebhola kanye nama-valve okuhlola uhlobo lwe-shuttle kufanele kukhethwe lapho ukucindezela kwamanzi ngaphambi kokuba i-valve incane.
2. Uma ukusebenza kokuvala kuqinile ngemva kokuvala, i-valve yokuhlola ene-spring yokuvala kufanele ikhethwe.
3. Uma isando samanzi sidingeka ukuba sibe buthakathaka futhi sivalwe, i-valve yokuhlola ukuvala ukuvala ngokushesha noma i-valve yokuhlola evala kancane enomshini wokumanzisa kufanele kukhethwe.
4. Ikhefu noma i-spool ye-valve yokuhlola kufanele ikwazi ukuzivala ngokwayo ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi noma amandla entwasahlobo.
Izingcezu izingcezu
(4) Amavalvu okuhlola kufanele asethwe kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo zepayipi eliphakela amanzi:
Kuholele ku-tube; I-heater yamanzi evaliwe noma impahla yamanzi epayipi elingenayo; futha amanzi epayipini lamanzi; Amapayipi okungena nawokuphuma asetshenziswa engxenyeni yepayipi lokuphuma lethangi lamanzi, umbhoshongo wamanzi noma ichibi lendawo ephakeme.
Qaphela: Ayikho i-valve yokuhlola edingekayo ezingxenyeni zamapayipi anezivimbeli zokubuyela emuva kwamapayipi.
Izingcezu izingcezu
(5) Imishini yokukhipha umoya kufanele ifakwe ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo zepayipi eliphakela amanzi:
1. Amavalvu akhipha umoya azenzakalelayo kufanele amiswe ekugcineni kanye nendawo ephakemeyo uma kuqhathaniswa nenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi ukuze asetshenziswe ngezikhathi ezithile.
2. Ingxenye yamapayipi enethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi ngokuguquguquka okusobala kanye nokunqwabelana komoya ifakwe ivalvu yokukhipha umoya othomathikhi noma i-valve ekhishwa ngesandla endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yesigaba.
3. Ngomshini wokuphakelwa kwamanzi womoya, lapho kusetshenziswa ithangi lamanzi lomoya ozenzakalelayo wohlobo lwe-pneumatic, i-valve yokukhipha okuzenzakalelayo kufanele isethwe endaweni ephakeme yokuqhathanisa yenethiwekhi yamapayipi okusabalalisa amanzi.
Okwesibili, izinzuzo kanye nokubi ama-valve ahlukahlukene:
1
Ama-valve esango:
I-valve yesango ibhekisela ku-valve izingxenye zayo zokuvala (ipuleti lesango) ezihamba ngendlela eqondile eduze kwe-eksisi yesiteshi. Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziswa njengendlela yokusika epayipini, okungukuthi, ivuliwe ngokugcwele noma ivaliwe ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile, ama-valve esango awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza. Ingasetshenziswa ekucindezelweni kokushisa okuphansi kungasetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, futhi ngokusho kwezinto ezahlukene ze-valve. Kodwa ama-valve esango ngokuvamile awasetshenziselwa ukudlulisa udaka nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo epayipini.
Izinzuzo: ① ukumelana noketshezi kuncane; (2) I-torque encane edingekayo ukuze uvule futhi uvale; (3) Ingasetshenziswa kunethiwekhi ye-loop lapho okuphakathi kugeleza ngezindlela ezimbili, okusho ukuthi, ukugeleza kwe-medium akukhawulelwe; (4) Uma isivulwe ngokugcwele, ukuguguleka kwendawo evalekayo yinto esebenzayo kuncane kunaleyo yevalvu yokumisa; (5) Isakhiwo somumo silula, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bungcono; ⑥ Ubude besakhiwo bufushane.
Ukungalungi: (1) ubukhulu obuphelele nobude bokuvula kukhulu, futhi indawo yokufaka edingekayo nayo inkulu; (2) Enkambweni yokuvula nokuvala, ukungqubuzana okuhlobene nendawo yokuvala umuntu, ukulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana kukhudlwana, ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa kulula ukubangela isenzakalo sokuhushula; (3) Amavalvu esango ajwayelekile anezivimbo ezimbili zokuvala, okwandisa ubunzima obuthile bokucubungula, ukugaya kanye nokugcinwa kahle; Isikhathi eside sokuvula nokuvala.
2
Butterfly:
I-valve uvemvane iwuhlobo lwevalvu esetshenziselwa ukuvula, ukuvala nokulungisa uketshezi lwamanzi ngokuzungezisa ukuvuleka kwediski nokuvala izingxenye cishe ngo-90°.
Izinzuzo: (1) Isakhiwo esilula, umthamo omncane, isisindo esilula, ukusetshenziswa, ungasebenzisi kuma-valve amakhulu; (2) Ukuvula nokuvala ngokushesha, ukumelana nokugeleza okuncane; ③ Ingasetshenziselwa okuphakathi nezinhlayiya eziqinile ezimisiwe, ngokusho kwamandla okubekwa uphawu kungasetshenziselwa impushana kanye ne-granular medium. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala okuphindwe kabili kanye nokulungiswa kwepayipi lokungena komoya kanye nokukhipha uthuli. Ingasetshenziselwa ipayipi legesi kanye nesiteshi samanzi se-metallurgy, imboni yokukhanya, amandla kagesi, uhlelo lwe-petrochemical, njll.
Ukungalungi: ① Ibanga lokulungiswa kokugeleza alilikhulu, uma livulwa kufika ku-30%, ukugeleza kuzongena ngaphezu kuka-95%. Ngenxa yesakhiwo kanye nezinto zokuvala ze-valve ye-butterfly, ayifanele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesistimu yamapayipi okucindezela okukhulu. Izinga lokushisa elivamile lokusebenza lingaphansi kuka-300 ℃, i-PN40 ngezansi. ③ Ukusebenza kokuvala akulungile uma kuqhathaniswa namavalvu ebhola nama-globe valves, ngakho-ke kusetshenziselwa izindawo lapho izidingo zokuvala zingekho phezulu kakhulu.
3
I-valve yebhola:
Iguquliwe isuka ku-valve yepulaki, ingxenye yayo yokuvula neyokuvala iyibhola, kusetshenziswa ibhola ukuzungezisa ama-degree angama-90 ekseni yesiqu se-valve ukufeza inhloso yokuvula nokuvala. I-valve yebhola esemgqeni isetshenziswa kakhulu ukusika, ukusabalalisa kanye nokuguqula isiqondiso sokugeleza okuphakathi nendawo, eklanyelwe kuvalvu yebhola yokuvula emise okuka-V nayo inomsebenzi omuhle wokulawula ukugeleza.
Izinzuzo: (1) ngokumelana nokugeleza okuphansi (empeleni i-0); (2) Ngenxa yokuthi ngeke ibambeke emsebenzini (uma kungabikho izinto zokugcoba), ingasetshenziswa ngokuthembekile emithonjeni eyonakalisayo kanye noketshezi oluphansi lokubilisa; ③ In the emikhulu ingcindezi kanye lokushisa uhla, angafinyelela uphawu okuphelele; (4) Ingabona ukuvulwa nokuvala okusheshayo, futhi isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala kwezinye izakhiwo yi-0.05-0.1s, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ohlelweni oluzenzakalelayo lombhede wokuhlola. Vula futhi uvale ngokushesha i-valve, ukusebenza ngaphandle komthelela. (5) Izingxenye zokuvala eziyindilinga zingabekwa ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yomngcele; Indlela yokusebenza inokwethenjelwa ezinhlangothini zombili zophawu; ⑦ endaweni evuleke ngokugcwele futhi evaleke ngokugcwele, indawo evalekayo yebhola nesihlalo kanye nendawo ehlala yodwa ephakathi, ngakho isivinini esikhulu ngokusebenzisa i-valve medium ngeke kubangele ukuguguleka komhlabathi ovalayo; Isakhiwo esihlangene, isisindo esilula, singabhekwa njengesakhiwo se-valve esinengqondo kakhulu sohlelo oluphakathi lokushisa oluphansi; ⑨ Ukulinganisa komzimba, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka komzimba okushiselwe, kungamelana nokucindezeleka okuvela epayipini; ⑩ Izingxenye ezivalayo zingamelana nomehluko wengcindezi ephezulu ngesikhathi sokuvala. I-valve ye-valve eshiselwe ngokuphelele, ingangcwatshwa ngokuqondile emhlabathini, ukuze ingaphakathi le-valve lingagqwali, impilo yesevisi ephakeme kakhulu efinyelela eminyakeni engama-30, iyi-valve ekahle yamapayipi kawoyela negesi.
Ukungalungi: (1) Ngenxa yokuthi indandatho eyinhloko yokuvala isihlalo se-valve yi-PTFE, ayisebenzi cishe kuzo zonke izinto zamakhemikhali, futhi ine-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana, ukusebenza okuzinzile, akulula ukuguga, izinga lokushisa elibanzi kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvala. . Kodwa-ke, izici ezibonakalayo ze-teflon, okuhlanganisa i-coefficient ephezulu yokunwetshwa, ukuzwela ekugelezeni okubandayo, nokungahambi kahle kwe-thermal, kudinga ukuthi isihlalo sakhelwe eduze kwalezi zici. Ngakho-ke, lapho impahla yokuvala iqina, ukwethembeka kophawu kuyaphazamiseka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana kwezinga lokushisa kwe-PTFE kuphansi, futhi kungasetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo esingaphansi kuka-180 ℃. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kushisa, into yokuvala izoguga. Endabeni yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa ku-120 ℃. (2) Ukusebenza kwayo kokulawula kubi kakhulu kunokwe-valve yembulunga, ikakhulukazi i-valve yomoya (noma i-valve kagesi).
4
Ama-valve e-globe:
Kubhekisela kuvalvu lapho ilungu elivalayo (idiski) lihamba ngomugqa omaphakathi wesihlalo. Ngokwalolu hlobo lokunyakaza kwe-valve disc, ukuguqulwa kwe-valve seat orifice kuhambisana nokushaywa kwe-valve disc. Ngenxa yokuthi i-stem yokuvula noma i-stroke yokuvala yalolu hlobo lwe-valve ifushane, futhi inomsebenzi wokusika onokwethenjelwa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuguqulwa kwesihlalo se-valve ngokusebenzisa ichweba kanye nokushaywa kwe-disc kuhambisana ngokuqondile nobuhlobo, kufanelekile kakhulu. yokulawulwa kokugeleza. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-valve luguquguquka kakhulu ukusika noma ukulungisa nokudonsa.
Izinzuzo: ① Enqubweni yokuvula neyokuvala, ngenxa yokuthi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwediski nendawo yokuvala umzimba ye-valve kuncane kunaleyo ye-valve yesango, ngakho-ke ayigugi. (2) Ubude bokuvula ngokuvamile bungu-1/4 wesiteshi sesihlalo, ngakho buncane kakhulu kunevalvu yesango; (3) Ngokuvamile kunendawo eyodwa kuphela yokuvala emzimbeni we-valve kanye ne-valve disc, ngakho inqubo yokukhiqiza ingcono futhi kulula ukuyinakekela. (4) Ngenxa yokuthi isigcwalisi sawo ngokuvamile siyingxube ye-asbestos negraphite, ngakho izinga lokumelana nezinga lokushisa liphakeme. Ama-valve avamile asebenzisa ama-stop valves.
Ukungalungi: (1) Ngenxa yokuthi isiqondiso sokugeleza kwe-medium ngokusebenzisa i-valve sishintshile, ngakho-ke ukumelana nokugeleza okuncane kwe-valve yokusika kuphakeme kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zama-valve; ② Ngenxa yohambo olude, isivinini sokuvula sihamba kancane kune-valve yebhola.
5
Iqhude:
Isho ivalvu ejikelezayo enengxenye evalayo njenge-plunger, engavulwa noma ivalwe ngokuzungezisa okungu-90° ukuze imbobo yepulaki ye-valve ixhunywe noma ihlukaniswe nembobo emzimbeni wevalvu. Ipulaki ingaba yi-cylindrical noma i-conical ngesimo. Umgomo wayo ngokuyisisekelo ufana ne-valve yebhola, i-valve yebhola ithuthukiswa ngesisekelo se-valve yepulaki, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekuxhashazweni kwensimu kawoyela, kodwa futhi isetshenziswa embonini ye-petrochemical.
6
I-valve yokusiza:
Isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuvikela ukucindezela ngokweqile emikhunjini enomfutho, izinto zokusebenza noma amapayipi. Lapho ukucindezela kwenyuka kwempahla, isitsha noma ipayipi idlula inani elivumelekile, i-valve izovulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, bese ikhishwa ngokugcwele, ukuvimbela okokusebenza, isitsha noma ipayipi kanye nokucindezela kuqhubeka nokukhuphuka; Lapho ingcindezi iyancipha ibe yinani elicacisiwe, i-valve kufanele ivalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi, ukuze kuvikelwe ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini, iziqukathi noma amapayipi.
7
I-Steam trap:
Ekudluliselweni kwe-steam, umoya ocindezelwe kanye neminye imidiya, kuzoba nokwakheka kwamanzi okujikisa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza okuphephile kwedivayisi, kufanele kube ukukhishwa okufika ngesikhathi kwale mithombo yezindaba engenamsebenzi neyingozi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa. ukusetshenziswa kwedivayisi. Inemisebenzi elandelayo: (1) ingasusa ngokushesha i-condensate ekhiqizwayo; ② Vimbela ukuvuza kwesitimu; ③ Ungafaki umoya namanye amagesi angajiki.
8
I-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi:
Kuyi-valve eyehlisa ingcindezi yokungena emshinini wokuphuma odingekayo ngokuyilungisa, futhi incike emandleni omthombo ngokwawo ukuze kugcinwe ingcindezi yokuphuma izinzile ngokuzenzakalelayo.