Ukukhethwa kwevalve yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi kunye nohlalutyo lweenzuzo kunye nokungalunganga kweevalvu ezahlukeneyo
(1) Izivalo ezisetyenziswa kumbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi zikhethwa ngokubanzi ngokwale migaqo ilandelayo: 1. Xa umbhobho wedayamitha ungekho ngaphezulu kwe-50mm, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ivalve yeglowubhu, naxa umbhobho wedayamitha ungaphezu kwe-50mm. , ivalve yesango kunye nevalve yebhabhathane isetyenziswa. I-2, idinga ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba, uxinzelelo lwamanzi xa kusetyenziswa i-valve yokulawula, i-valve yokumisa. 3. Amalungu afuna ukuxhathisa ukuhamba kwamanzi amancinci (njengombhobho wokufunxa impompo yamanzi) kufuneka asebenzise ivalve yesango.
1. Ukukhethwa kunye nokusetwa kweevalvu:
Amaqhekeza amaqhekeza
(1) Izivalo ezisetyenziswa kumbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi zikhethwa ngokubanzi ngokwale migaqo ilandelayo:
1, ububanzi bombhobho awukho ngaphezu kwe-50mm, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ivalve yeglowubhu, ububanzi bombhobho bukhulu kune-50mm, ukusetyenziswa kwevalve yesango, ivalve yebhabhathane.
I-2, idinga ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba, uxinzelelo lwamanzi xa kusetyenziswa i-valve yokulawula, i-valve yokumisa.
3. Amalungu afuna ukuxhathisa ukuhamba kwamanzi amancinci (njengombhobho wokufunxa impompo yamanzi) kufuneka asebenzise ivalve yesango.
4. Ivalve yesango kunye nevalve yebhabhathane kufuneka isetyenziswe kwicandelo lombhobho apho amanzi afuna ukuhamba ngokuphindwe kabini, kwaye ivalve yokumisa mayingasetyenziswa.
5. Ibhabhathane kunye neevalvu zebhola kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinendawo encinci yokufaka.
6. Kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-valve yokumisa kwicandelo lombhobho elihlala livuliwe kwaye livaliwe.
7. Ivalve enemisebenzi emininzi kufuneka isetyenziswe kumbhobho wokukhupha amanzi onekhalibhu enkulu.
Amaqhekeza amaqhekeza
(2) Iivalvu ziya kusekwa kwezi ndawo zilandelayo zombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi:
1. Umbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi wesithili sokuhlala usuka kwicandelo lombhobho wokungena kumbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi kamasipala.
2. Iinqununu zenethiwekhi yombhobho yangaphandle kwisithili sokuhlala ziya kusekwa ngokweemfuno zokwahlula. Ukuba icandelo lombhobho we-annular lide kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba umise i-valve edibeneyo.
3. Ukuqala kombhobho wesebe okanye umbhobho wasekhaya uqala kumbhobho owomileyo wonikezelo lwamanzi kwisithili esihlala abantu.
4. Umbhobho wasekhaya, imitha yamanzi kunye nesikhuphukeli sesebe ngasinye (ezantsi kwesikhuphukeli, phezulu nasezantsi ekupheleni kombhobho weringi othe nkqo wothungelwano lwesinyusi).
5. Umbhobho oyintloko wenethiwekhi yombhobho we-annular kunye nombhobho wokudibanisa wenethiwekhi yombhobho we-branch.
6. Indawo yokuqala yombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi ukusuka kumbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi wangaphakathi ukuya kwindlu kunye nendlu yangasese kawonke-wonke imiselwe xa kukho iindawo ezi-3 okanye ngaphezulu zokuhambisa amanzi kumbhobho wesebe lokuhambisa amanzi.
I-7, ipompo yamanzi ephuma kumbhobho wamanzi, ipompo yokufunxa yempompo yokuzizalisa.
8. Indawo yokungena kwitanki yamanzi, indawo yokuphuma kunye nemibhobho yokukhupha amanzi.
9. Umbhobho wokuzalisa amanzi wezixhobo (ezifana ne-heater, inqaba yokupholisa, njl.).
10, izixhobo zococeko (ezifana nomkhulu, umchamo, isitya sokuhlambela, ishawa, njl.njl.) umbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi.
11. Ezinye izesekeli, ezifana ne-valve yokukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo, i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, i-hammer eliminator yamanzi, i-gauge ye-pressure gauge, i-sprinkler bolt, njl., i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye ne-backflow preventer ngaphambi nangemva.
12. Inxalenye esezantsi yothungelwano lwamanzi kufuneka imiselwe kunye nevalve yokukhupha amanzi.
Amaqhekeza amaqhekeza
(3) Iivalvu zokukhangela kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwendawo yofakelo, uxinzelelo lwamanzi phambi kwevalve, iimfuno zokusebenza kokutywina emva kokuvalwa kunye nobukhulu behamile yamanzi ebangelwa kukuvalwa kunye nezinye izinto:
1. Uhlobo lwe-Swing, uhlobo lwebhola kunye nohlobo lwe-shuttle yokukhangela i-valve kufuneka ikhethwe xa uxinzelelo lwamanzi phambi kokuba i-valve incinci.
2. Xa ukusebenza kokutywinwa kungqongqo emva kokuvalwa, i-valve yokukhangela ene-spring yokuvala kufuneka ikhethwe.
3. Xa isando samanzi sifunekayo ukuba sibe buthathaka kwaye sivalwe, i-valve yokujonga ukuvala ukuvala ngokukhawuleza okanye i-valve yokujonga ukuvala ngokukhawuleza kunye nesixhobo sokuthambisa kufuneka kukhethwe.
4. Ikhefu okanye i-spool ye-valve yokutshekisha kufuneka ikwazi ukuzivala phantsi kwesenzo sobunzima okanye amandla entwasahlobo.
Amaqhekeza amaqhekeza
(4) Izivalo zokukhangela ziya kusetwa kula macandelo alandelayo ombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi:
Ikhokelela kwi-tube; I-heater yamanzi evaliweyo okanye izixhobo zamanzi kumbhobho wokungena; impompo yamanzi kumbhobho wamanzi; Imibhobho yokungena nephumayo isetyenziswa kwicandelo lemibhobho yokuphuma kwitanki yamanzi, kwinqaba yamanzi okanye kwidama eliphakamileyo.
Qaphela: Akukho ivelufa yokutshekisha efunekayo kumacandelo ombhobho anezithinteli zokubuyela umva kwemibhobho.
Amaqhekeza amaqhekeza
(5) Izixhobo zokukhupha amanzi ziya kufakelwa kwezi ndawo zilandelayo zombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi:
1. Iivalvu zokukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo kufuneka zisekwe ekupheleni kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuthelekisa lothungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi ukuze lusetyenziswe ngamaxesha athile.
2. Icandelo lombhobho lothungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi ngokuguquguquka okucacileyo kunye nokuqokelela komoya lixhotyiswe ngevalve yokukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo okanye i-valve exhaust ye-manual kwindawo ephezulu yecandelo.
3. Kwisixhobo sonikezelo lwamanzi lwe-pneumatic, xa kusetyenziswa itanki yamanzi e-pneumatic yokuzalisa umoya ngokuzenzekelayo, i-valve yokukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo ephakamileyo yokuthelekisa umbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi womnatha.
Zimbini, iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kweevalvu ezahlukeneyo:
1
Iivalvu zesango:
Ivalve yesango ibhekisa kwivalve ezindawo zayo zokuvala (ipleyiti yesango) ezihamba kwicala elithe nkqo ecaleni kweasi yetshaneli. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengendlela yokusika kwipayipi, oko kukuthi, ivuliwe ngokupheleleyo okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iivalve zesango azinakusetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba. Ingasetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lingasetyenziselwa ukushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo zevalve. Kodwa iivalvu zesango azisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuhambisa udaka kunye nezinye izinto ezisasazwa kumbhobho.
Izinto eziluncedo: ① ukuxhathisa ulwelo kuncinci; (2) Itorque encinci efunekayo ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni; (3) Inokusetyenziswa kwinethiwekhi ye-loop apho i-medium ihamba ngeendlela ezimbini, oko kukuthi, i-flow direction ye-medium ayithintelwanga; (4) Xa ivulwe ngokupheleleyo, ukhukuliseko lomphezulu wokutywina lincinci kunolo lwevalvu yokumisa; (5) Ubume bemilo bulula, kwaye iteknoloji yokuvelisa ingcono; ⑥ Ubude besakhiwo bufutshane.
Ukungalungi: (1) ubungakanani ngokubanzi kunye nobude bokuvula bukhulu, kwaye indawo yokufakela efunekayo nayo inkulu; (2) Kwinkqubo yokuvula kunye nokuvala, umphezulu wokutywina umntu ohambelana nengxabano, ilahleko ye-friction inkulu, nangona kubushushu obuphezulu kulula ukubangela ukuba kwenzeke; (3) Izivalo zesango ngokubanzi zinezigqubuthelo zokutywina ezimbini, nto leyo eyandisa ubunzima bokulungisa, ukucola nokulungisa; Ixesha elide lokuvula kunye nokuvala.
2
Ibhabhathane:
Ivalve yebhabhathane luhlobo lwevalve esetyenziselwa ukuvula, ukuvala kunye nokulungelelanisa umjelo we-fluid ngokujikeleza i-disc yokuvula kunye nokuvala iindawo malunga ne-90 °.
Iingenelo: (1) Isakhiwo esilula, umthamo omncinci, ubunzima obulula, ukusetyenziswa, ungasebenzisi kwiivalvu ezinkulu; (2) Ukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvala, ukuchasana kokuhamba okuncinci; ③ Ingasetyenziselwa okuphakathi kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo amisiweyo, ngokwamandla omgangatho wokutywina nawo angasetyenziselwa umgubo kunye negranular medium. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvulwa kwe-bidirectional kunye nokuvala kunye nokulungelelaniswa kombhobho wokuphuma komoya kunye nokususa uthuli. Ingasetyenziselwa umbhobho wegesi kunye nomjelo wamanzi wesinyithi, imboni yokukhanya, amandla ombane, inkqubo yepetrochemical, njl.
Ukungalungi: ① Uluhlu lokulungelelaniswa kokuhamba alukho lukhulu, xa luvulwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%, ukuhamba kuya kungena ngaphezulu kwe-95%. Ngenxa yesakhiwo kunye nezinto zokutywinwa kwevalve yebhabhathane, ayifanelekanga kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwemibhobho. Ubushushu bokusebenza ngokubanzi bungaphantsi kwe300℃, PN40 ngezantsi. ③ Ukusebenza kokutywina kumbi xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zebhola kunye neglobhu, ngoko ke isetyenziselwa iindawo apho iimfuno zokutywina zingekho phezulu kakhulu.
3
Ivalve yebhola:
Ngaba iguqukile kwi-valve yeplagi, indawo yayo yokuvula kunye nokuvala ibhola, usebenzisa ibhola ukujikeleza i-90 degrees malunga ne-axis ye-valve stem ukufezekisa injongo yokuvula nokuvala. Ivalve yebhola kumbhobho isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukusika, ukusasaza kunye nokutshintsha icala lokuhamba okuphakathi, eyilelwe kwivalve yebhola yokuvula emise okwe-V nayo inomsebenzi olungileyo wolawulo lokuhamba.
Izinto eziluncedo: (1) kunye nokumelana nokuhamba okuphantsi (okwenene i-0); (2) Ngenxa yokuba ayiyi kubambelela emsebenzini (ngokungabikho kwezinto zokuthambisa), ingasetyenziswa ngokuthembekileyo kwimithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo kunye nolwelo oluphantsi lokubilisa; ③ Kuxinzelelo olukhulu kunye noluhlu lobushushu, inokufikelela ukutywinwa okupheleleyo; (4) Inokuqonda ukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvala, kwaye ixesha lokuvula kunye nokuvalwa kwezinye izakhiwo yi-0.05-0.1s, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingasetyenziselwa inkqubo yokuzenzekelayo yebhedi yokuvavanya. Vula ngokukhawuleza kwaye uvale i-valve, ukusebenza ngaphandle kwempembelelo. (5) Iindawo zokuvala ezingqukuva zinokubekwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yomda; Isixhobo esisebenzayo sithembekile kumacala omabini esitywina; ⑦ kwindawo evuleke ngokupheleleyo kwaye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, ibhola kunye nesihlalo sokutywinwa komphezulu kunye nokwahlukaniswa okuphakathi, ngoko ke isantya esiphezulu ngesiphakathi asiyi kubangela ukhukuliseko lomphezulu wokutywina; Ulwakhiwo olubambeneyo, ubunzima obulula, lunokugqalwa njengesona sakhiwo sifanelekileyo sevalvu yenkqubo ephakathi kobushushu obuphantsi; ⑨ I-symmetry yomzimba, ngakumbi i-welded body structure, inokumelana noxinzelelo oluvela kumbhobho; ⑩ Iindawo zokuvala zinokumelana nokwahlukana koxinzelelo oluphezulu ngexesha lokuvala. Ivalve yevalve edityaniswe ngokupheleleyo, inokungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni, ukuze ivalve yangaphakathi ingabi nomhlwa, ubomi benkonzo ephezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-30, yeyona valve ifanelekileyo yemibhobho yeoli nerhasi.
Ukungalungi: (1) Ngenxa yokuba eyona nto iphambili yokutywina isihlalo se-valve yi-PTFE, ayisebenzi phantse kuzo zonke izinto zekhemikhali, kwaye ine-coefficient encinci ye-friction, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, akukho lula ukuguga, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokutywinwa. . Nangona kunjalo, iipropathi ezibonakalayo ze-teflon, kubandakanywa i-coefficient ephezulu yokwandisa, uvakalelo lokuhamba okubandayo, kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal, kufuna ukuba isihlalo siyilwe malunga nezi mpawu. Ngoko ke, xa izinto zokutywina ziqina, ukuthembeka kwetywina kuphazamisekile. Ngaphezu koko, ukumelana nobushushu be-PTFE kuphantsi, kwaye kunokusetyenziswa kuphela phantsi kwemeko engaphantsi kwe-180℃. Ngaphezulu kolu bushushu, izinto zokutywina ziya kuguga. Kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, ngokuqhelekileyo ayisetyenziswanga kwi-120 ℃. (2) Ukusebenza kwayo kokulawula kubi ngakumbi kunevalve yeglowubhu, ngakumbi ivalve yepneumatic (okanye ivalve yombane).
4
Iivalvu zeglobhu:
Ibhekisa kwivalvu apho ilungu lokuvala (idiski) lihamba kumgca osembindini wesitulo. Ngokwale ndlela yokunyakaza kwediski ye-valve, utshintsho lwe-valve seat orifice lulingana ne-valve disc stroke. Ngenxa yokuba i-stem yokuvula okanye i-stroke yokuvala yolu hlobo lwevalve lufutshane, kwaye inomsebenzi othembekileyo wokusika, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ukutshintshwa kwesihlalo sevalve ngokusebenzisa i-port kunye nokubetha kwe-disc kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobudlelwane, kufanelekile kakhulu. kulawulo lokuhamba. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwevalve lulungelelanisa kakhulu ukusika okanye ukulungelelanisa kunye nokugubha.
Izinto eziluncedo: ① Ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni, kuba ingxabano phakathi kwediski kunye nevalve yomzimba wokutywina incinci kunaleyo yevalve yesango, ngoko ke ayigugi. (2) Ubude bokuvula ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1/4 yesitulo sokuhlala, ngoko ke incinci kakhulu kunevalve yesango; (3) Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho indawo enye yokutywina kwi-valve body kunye ne-valve disc, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuvelisa ingcono kwaye kulula ukuyigcina. 4 Izivalo zomphunga ngokubanzi zisebenzisa izivalo zokumisa.
Ukungalungi: (1) Ngenxa yokuba ulwalathiso lokuhamba kwe-medium nge-valve lutshintshile, ngoko ke ukuchasana kokuhamba okuncinci kwe-valve yokunqunyulwa kuphezulu kunezinye iindidi ezininzi; ② Ngenxa yohambo olude, isantya sokuvula sihamba kancinci kune-valve yebhola.
5
Umqhagi:
Ibhekisa kwivalvu ejikelezayo enendawo yokuvala njengeplunger, enokuvulwa okanye ivalwe ngokujikeleziswa kwe-90 ° ukuze izibuko elikwiplagi yevalvu linxibelelane okanye lahlulwe kwizibuko kumzimba wevalvu. Iplagi ingaba yi-cylindrical okanye i-conical in shape. Umgaqo wayo ngokusisiseko ufana ne-valve yebhola, i-valve yebhola iphuhliswa ngesiseko se-valve yeplagi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-oil field exploitation, kodwa iphinda isetyenziswe kwishishini le-petrochemical.
6
Ivalve yoncedo:
Isetyenziswe njengesixhobo sokukhusela i-overpressure kwimikhumbi yoxinzelelo, izixhobo okanye iipayipi. Xa ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwisixhobo, isitya okanye umbhobho udlula ixabiso elivumelekileyo, i-valve iya kuvulwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye emva koko ikhuphe ngokupheleleyo, ukukhusela izixhobo, isitya okanye umbhobho kunye noxinzelelo luqhubeka nokunyuka; Xa uxinzelelo luyancipha kwixabiso elichaziweyo, i-valve kufuneka ivalwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha, ukwenzela ukukhusela ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo, izitya okanye iipayipi.
7
Umgibe womphunga:
Ekuhanjisweni komphunga, umoya ocinezelweyo kunye neminye imithombo yeendaba, kuya kubakho ukubunjwa kwamanzi okudibanisa, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwesixhobo, kufuneka kukhutshwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo le mithombo yeendaba engenamsebenzi kunye neyingozi, ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokukhusela. ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo. Inemisebenzi elandelayo: (1) inokuphelisa ngokukhawuleza i-condensate eveliswayo; ② Thintela ukuvuza komphunga; ③ Ungabandakanyi umoya kunye nezinye iigesi ezingajingiyo.
8
Ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo:
Yivalve enciphisa i-inlet yoxinzelelo kwi-outlet efunekayo ngokuyilungisa, kwaye ixhomekeke kumandla ophakathi ngokwawo ukugcina uxinzelelo lwe-outlet luzinzile ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-04-2022
