Giovanni F. Akola, Franco Cardini, Domenico del Niro, Giordano Bruno Gehry, Gennaro Malgieri, Gennaro Sangiuliano, Mirella Serri, Marcello Veneziani.
Phakathi kwenoveli, indatshana kanye nenkumbulo yincwadi kaChristopher Ross, Inkemba yaseMishima (iGuanda, amakhasi angama-281, ama-euro ayi-17.00) esetshenziselwa isenzo sakhe eseqile. Incwadi ethokozisayo futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ehlukunyezwayo, engaqondakali futhi engenayo incwadi ekhangayo, efakaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthi i-Mishimian imprint ezincwadini zesimanje nemibono iphila kanjani futhi ngempela isuka ku-de ingounsi, lapho ihlobene noMishima isenzo sakhe sokugcina. Izinsalela, ezenziwa ngoNovemba 25, 1970, cishe ubuciko bokubhala ngaphambi kokuba obukhona futhi ngisho nezepolitiki: i-sp. owayehlose ukukhumbuza izwe lakhe emonakalweni wokonakala ngenxa yezimpande zokonakala ngenxa yencazelo ejulile yombono wempilo abantu bakubo ababelahlekelwa yiyo.
UMaria Teresa Orsi, esethulweni sevolumu ye-Meridiani, empeleni, uthi ngaphandle kwamahloni ukuthi uMishima "umele isiko lamaJapane eliyiqiniso". Umuntu ngesikhathi esifanayo uyaqaphela ukuthi futhi ungumlobi wesimanje kakhulu wezwe lakhe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele inkanyezi ka-Oe Kenzaburo, wakwazi ukuvumelanisa umphefumulo wakhe wasempumalanga nokufana kwasempumalanga nokufana kwasempumalanga 'nempumalanga. ukufana nokufana kwasempumalanga nokufana kwasempumalanga nokufana kwasempumalanga nokufakwa kwehlelo lenkolo okuyingxenye ebalulekile yephephandaba lomuntu siqu lezinkondlo.'
Indida? Kuphela ngokubukeka. Eqinisweni, umuzwa ongokwemvelo wobuhle, njengoba kugcizelelwa umbhali wezomlando wakhe obaluleke kakhulu, kanye nomngane wakhe omkhulu, uHenry Scott Stokes (Ukuphila Nokufa kukaYukio Mishima, ed. Lindau), owahlakulela u-chefin et dalà ufana kakhulu naye Emotional. Ubudala isisekelo sesiko lasendulo laseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi isiGreki. Futhi yingakho uMishima ekwazi, ngokufanelekile, azicabange njengombhali we-Two Worlds, umhumushi wesiko Lomhlaba Wonke, ositayela sakhe singaqondwa futhi ngabaseYurophu afunda kubo okuningi, ikakhulukazi «eBay frequentman Raydel, Wild maskie Baudel, Raydel, Wilde futhi», kanye noFriedrich Nietzsche. "I-West - kuphawulwe u-Orsi - nayo iyikholi esheshayo, edinga ukuthi sibhekane nayo, sihlole ukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani inkhulumomphendvulwano futhi mhlawumbe isivumelwano sikhona". Amanoveli ayakuqinisekisa lokhu kucabanga. Futhi, ngokwesitayela, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanye babhekwa "njengehlazo", abasunguli besiko lokubhala okwathi, kuze kube yilapho uMishima ebonakala endaweni yesehlakalo, babe noJunikisunro Tanizaki no-Yayaari Kawabata njengezinkomba zabo.
Esinye "ihlazo" kwaba ukufa kwakhe ngokuzithandela eneminyaka engamashumi amane nanhlanu, iminyaka yokuhlwanyela kwabanye, kuye isikhathi sokuvuna okuvuthiwe futhi okubabayo kakhulu: wayesekwenzile konke, akazange athole abanye ekugcineni , ofanele uthando lwesiko lezwe lakhe kanye nokuhambisana okwedlulele nalokho ayekusekele kuyo yonke imibhalo yakhe. Akumane kwaqondana ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba azibulale ngalolo suku ekuseni wathumela umshicileli wakhe ingxenye yokugcina ye-tetralogy yoLwandle Lwenzalo: ngaphezu kwenoveli evamile, itestamente.
Ukuphila okungokomoya nokubhala kukaMishima kwaqondana nengqikithi yesiko lamaJapane, ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba sekushiwo, kweqa iziphakamiso zaseNtshonalanga. EJapane, umlobi wabonisa abaxhumanisi bakhe, kwakukhona ukuthambekela kokunikeza isisindo esikhulu kwezobuciko, okufanekiselwa umfanekiso we-chrysanthemum, kunokuba izici zempi ezimelelwe inkemba. kulokhu kuhlukanisiwe ngokucacile kwakusekelwe ukungaqondi kahle kwabantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi ekufezeni isiko laseJapane okwakusekelwe esikhundleni sokuhlala ndawonye "okuyisimangaliso" kwezikhathi ezimbili. UMishima uzimisele ukuqeda lesi sihlava. Futhi waqala ngokushesha, at amabili, ukuthola ukungcweliswa ebhaliwe lapho kancane kuka umfana. Kwakuyi-Confessions of a Mask (1949) eyamenza waqashelwa njengenkanyezi ekhulayo yezincwadi zesiJapane: "Umsebenzi wobungcweti wosizi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo se-atony", ngokusho kukaMargherite Yourcenar. Le noveli iwumlando wesimo somqondo wesizukulwane esigcwele isifiso esibuhlungu sokukhanselwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nenkanuko engagculiseki. I-synthesis, ngamafuphi, yobizo lukaMishima okwazile ukuhlanganisa uthando nokufa ngohlaka lobuhle bomuntu siqu.
Kwabe sekufika ezinye izincwadi, njengethi Ukomela Uthando, Imibala Engavunyelwe, Izwi Lamagagasi, I-Golden Pavilion. Emidlalweni emibili yokugcina ye-nihilism kanye nenkolo, umuzwa omangalisayo wokuphila, ukuphakanyiswa kobuhle nomuzwa wokuhlanzeka kuyizisusa ezisukelanayo futhi zembule umphefumulo ongaphumuli ocacisa indlela yawo ebheke esiphethweni, i-radipus ancienne do Lacione, evalelwe enkumbulweni yobuhle. wabantu, umbhali noma iqhawe? Umbuzo uphakama ngesikhathi soshintsho empilweni kaMishima.
Kuze kube ngu-1960 wayemele "ukucindezeleka kwezindinganiso" emphakathini waseJapane owawulahlekelwa umphefumulo wawo. IJapane yayingasaziboni, ukukhohlakala kwamasiko kwakudlangile, azikho izimiso ezingokomoya ezagcinwa. Kulesi simo, kwaqala ukwakheka inoveli ethi After the Banquet, eyaphawula ukungena kukaMishima ephila nokuqaphela kwezombusazwe. Ngale ncwadi, empeleni, umlobi wakugxeka kanzima ukuhweba ngamahhashi okhetho lapho osopolitiki kanye namasiko esigaba esiphakathi esiphezulu babehlanganyela khona. Impumelelo ayizuzile yamnxephezela ngokwengxenye uMishima ngenxa yemisebenzi ethile yangaphambili futhi yamqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona okwakushintshile ezweni lakubo. Ngakho waqala ukubhekisisa ngaphandle kwakhe, ethola izwe elineziyaluyalu ezinomkhuhlane, weqa izinkomba ezazibonisa isifiso sokunqoba inkathi yangemva kwempi unomphela.
Ngokumangala, uMishima waphawula ukuthi kwakwakhiwa umbono eJapane owawuphikisana naleyo ngxenye yoMthethosisekelo eyayidinga izwe ukuba lilahle amalungelo alo ezempi. Ukuphikiswa okwasondela ekuvukeleni lapho, ngoMeyi 1960, kuphothulwa iSivumelwano Sokuphepha saseJapan-American esingagunyazi kangako ukusebenzisana kwezempi phakathi kwemimoya emibili yaseMelika, kodwa kwagunyaza iminyaka yezempi e-USA futhi kwaqinisekisa ukuhoxiswa kwakho konke ukungenelela kwempi. . Esikhundleni salokho, i-United States yathembisa ukunikeza iJapane isivikelo sezempi. AmaJapane amaningi asabela kabi ekusayinweni kweSivumelwano: izibhelu zenzeka ezweni lonke. UMishima wayehamba nabavukeli.
Izibhelu zavusa umcabango wakhe futhi zamphoqa ukuba abhale i-Patriotism, enye yezindaba zakhe ezinhle kakhulu futhi eziphumelelayo, lapho uBushido aesthetics kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha, kuhlangene nokucabangela inkanuko kanye ne-eroticism kanye ne-veltism futhi, enhle nakakhulu, imininingwane eyengeziwe kanye , izici ezihlaba umnyombo. yobuqhawe beqiniso. Ukushisekela izwe kwagqugquzelwa isigameko se-Ni Ni Roku sika-February 26, 1936, lapho ukunyakaza kwezikhulu ezisencane kulungiselele ukuvukela umbuso kwengxenye yebutho ngokumelene nesimiso esithobela izithakazelo; umshwalense wezintshisakalo; uhlobo "lwe-conservative Revolution". Izikhulu ezisencane ezingamashumi amabili zahlala endaweni yezinkonzo eziseduze neSigodlo Sombuso futhi zacela ukuhoxiswa kwe-Governmento Thinking ekhohlakele futhi ekhohlisayo ngokuvinjelwa kwawo wonke amandla ezempi ngumbusi.
Lesi simemezelo senqatshwa u-Hiro Hito, kungalindelekile, ngoba, kwathiwa, sasivela emibuthanweni efanayo yezomnotho nezezimali lapho izikhulu ezisencane zazihlele khona ukuketula umbuso wazo obuthakathaka. Umbusi wabuye wayala ibutho ukuba likuvimbele lokhu kuvukela. UMishima wahlabeka umxhwele ngendaba lapho abeka khona indaba yomlingiswa oyinhloko wePatriotism, uLieutenant osemncane we-Imperial Guard, umngane wabavukeli, kodwa wagcinwa ebumnyameni ngabo mayelana netulo ngoba kungani i-parchéa parché parché parché parché parché uParché othandekayo wayengalazi leli tulo ngoba ngenxa yamasosha ayekanye nawo, wakhetha ukuzibulala nomkakhe.
I-Erotica, ubuqhawe nokufa kwajahana futhi. Amanye amanoveli lapho umlobi aphakamise khona izindinganiso zokushisekela izwe nobuhle ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu ayingxenye yenkambiso efanayo, njenge-Chrysanthemum yoSuku Lweshumi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, Izwi Lemimoya Yamaqhawe. Encazelweni yesibili kaMishima umcimbi ocatshangelwayo wobuShinto lapho kukhunjulwa khona imiphefumulo yezikhulu ezisencane zokuketula umbuso ezingaphumelelanga kanye neyabaqhubi bebhomu abazibulalayo. Abanye basola umbusi ngokwenqaba ukugunyaza ukuvukela kwabo umbuso; abanye ngokukhaphela ukholo lwabo nomhlatshelo wabo lapho emukela i-Ningen Sengen, isimemezelo sokulaxaza ubunjalo bakhe bobunkulunkulu. Engxoxweni eyanikezwa ngaphambi nje kokuzibulala kumlobi wamaKhomanisi uFurubayashi Takasashi, uMishima wathi: «Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu nabo bafuna i-Absolute. Angicabangi ukuthi kungeneliseka kuphela ngezinto ezihambelanayo. Ake sibheke umlando waseJapan futhi unje. IJapane namuhla iphila ku-relativism ephelele, kodwa lesi yisenzakalo sakamuva kakhulu, esithatha iminyaka eyishumi nje. Uma sikuqhathanisa nomlando wethu omude, yinkathi yesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Futhi kunoma yikuphi, ingqikithi yalokhu relativism ayigculisi. Ngakho-ke namuhla isithakazelo sefilosofi, iBuddhism, engeyona enye into ngaphandle kwesifiso se-Absolute, siyakhula. Angikholelwa ukuthi abantu baseJapane bangazanelisa ngenjabulo yokucabanga ngezinto ezenzekayo. "
UMishima akabukelwa phansi ikhono le-relativism lokuqothula abantu ngokomoya. Ngakho-ke inkolelo yakhe yokuthi isiko, futhi ikakhulukazi izincwadi, kungase kuvuse kabusha izici "zamaJapanese" kwamholela ekugcizeleleni ukubaluleka kokusungulwa kwezimiso zeSiko lapho ehlanganisa ukuhlolwa kukaBush kakade ukuhlolwa kwe-sekala Bush, kakade segri, Louto nice lapho ingqikithi yayo ikhona. equkethwe: Hagakure kaJamamoto Jocho. Kodwa futhi ukunikeza ukuphila kuShield Association (Tate no Kai) egqugquzelwe izimiso ezingokomoya, zokushisekela izwe kanye nobuqhawe zesiko lamaJapane.
Phakathi kuka-1965 no-1970, uMishima wavala ngobuhlakani ukumelwa kwebhalansi phakathi kweChrysanthemum neNkemba encwadini yakhe yobuciko bobuciko, i-The Sea of Fertility, i-tetralogy emphakathini waseJapane, izici zomoya onamandla. Amanoveli amane alo mjikelezo - Iqhwa Lentwasahlobo, Amahhashi Abalekayo, Ithempeli Lokukhanya, Ingelosi Ebolayo - asikisela umbono wokuphindukuzalwa. Kodwa emqulwini wesibili we-tetralogy, i-Horses on the Run, uMishima uveza imibono yakhe yezombangazwe neyenkolo ngezingathekiso ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nangesitayela esicwebezelayo, ephinda eyibeka ngokumelene nesizinda se
Ekupheleni kokuzulazula kwakhe uMishima wathola uLwandle Olukhulu ayezoluhamba ngomkhumbi ehambisana nemiphefumulo eminingi yaseJapane ayeyivuse emsebenzini wakhe wokubhala. Empeleni kwakukhona isixuku esixokozelayo, esingabonakali ngoNovemba 25, 1970 «Phila Kade uMbusi»: Tenno heika banzai! Okuthile okungaphezu kokuhlonipha okusemthethweni. Cishe umthandazo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-27-2021
