Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi zofunikira zamakina amagetsi apamagetsi (3)

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi zofunikira zamakina amagetsi apamagetsi (3)

Vavu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la zida zazikulu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula, kupondereza, kuwongolera kuthamanga ndikusintha kayendedwe ka sing'anga (zinthu, madzi, nthunzi, mpweya ndi mafuta, etc.) popanga mapaipi. Ubwino wa valavu umakhudza mwachindunji kupanga kwanthawi zonse kwa zidazi, kugwira ntchito motetezeka komanso kuwononga chilengedwe, ndipo kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mitundu ya mavavu ndi mafotokozedwe ambiri, makamaka valavu yachipata, valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi, valavu yoyang'ana, valavu ya mpira, valavu yotetezera, valavu yochepetsera mphamvu, valavu ya msampha, valavu ya butterfly ndi valavu yapadera, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu, mlingo waukulu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira komanso kuyerekezera kovutirapo, pagulu lalikulu la zida zonse, ndalama za valve zimatengera pafupifupi 3% - 5% ya ndalama zonse zogulira zida.
(l) Opanga ma valve ndi momwe amapangira
Dziko pa mlingo boma pamwamba kasamalidwe mabizinesi valavu za 180, kuphatikizapo 19 mabizinezi kiyi msana, pali sikelo ya matauni ndi mabizinezi munthu oposa 2000, ang'onoang'ono opanga munthu zovuta ziwerengero, mabizinezi matauni ndi opanga munthu amafalitsidwa mu Jiangsu ndi Zhejiang ndi Central Plains dera. M'makampani a valve, mabizinesi akuluakulu aboma ndi apakatikati, makamaka mabizinesi am'mbuyo, akadali ndi mwayi waukulu pakupanga ma valve ndi mphamvu yaukadaulo. Ena mwa opanga awa agwiritsa ntchito utomoni mchenga mzere chitsanzo, zigawo zikuluzikulu za valavu mu CNC zida makina, mizere basi kapena osakaniza makina zida processing, kusindikiza pamwamba ndi kulekana wofanana kutsitsi kuwotcherera luso, mavavu kapangidwe ntchito CAD luso, atatu azithunzi-thunzi olimba kutsanzira. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri walimbikitsa kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ma valve opanga komanso mtundu wazinthu. Koma opanga ma valve ambiri akuponya zida zosungunulira zakale, makamaka zojambula zamakina, makina a zida zamakina ambiri ndi kudula chida chimodzi, zida zodziwira sizili zangwiro kapena sizikugwirizana ndi muyezo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ena ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe valavu opanga kulimbitsa kasamalidwe ogwira ntchito, kuika maziko, zida ndi kumvetsa kusintha luso, kupanga luso mlingo pang'onopang'ono bwino, mankhwala kalasi, kumvetsa mankhwala khalidwe, kumvetsa msika, phindu ndithu zachuma, ndi mabizinesi akuluakulu kapena amsana kuti athe kulimbana ndi zomwe angathe, mphamvu zake ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko sichingapeputsidwe.
(2) Mulingo wazinthu
Kudzera kukhazikitsa mfundo dziko, kutengerapo luso, kulimbikitsa mayeso ndi kudziwika njira, akale mankhwala kusintha ndi kusintha mlingo wa kamangidwe ndi ndondomeko, mlingo wa mankhwala valavu m'dziko lathu wakhala bwino kwambiri pafupifupi zaka 20, mitundu ya specifications, makamaka. mu chosindikizira cholimba valavu gulugufe, lathyathyathya chipata valavu ndi molimba chisindikizo mpira valavu pa magulu ndi mankhwala anakula mofulumira (14 mitundu ya valavu alipo pafupifupi 2000 mndandanda, Kuposa 12,000 specifications). Pakati pawo, voliyumu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavavu wamba idafika pamlingo wazaka za m'ma 1980 kunja, mavavu awa mu kapangidwe kazinthu ndi zinthu ndi mbali zina za mavavu opangidwa kunja kwazaka zaposachedwa ndizofanana, zitha kupangidwa molingana ndi muyezo wa zofunika kunja, koma mankhwala khalidwe si wokhazikika mokwanira, pali kusiyana ndi mayiko otukuka. Koma mu mavavu ena apadera, monga valavu yodzilamulira yokha, valavu yosindikizira yolimba, * * valavu yaing'ono yothamanga, valavu ya phulusa, valavu yaikulu yodzipatula ndi stabilizer relief valve, etc.), valavu yapamwamba (monga kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha) apamwamba kuposa 700 ℃, caliber kuposa lm mpira valavu), valavu zipangizo (hydrogen sulfide zosagwira zitsulo chuma, urea ndi mpweya CHIKWANGWANI gulu zipangizo), ndi kusiyana ndi actuator yachilendo valavu, etc Large, zosiyanasiyana kusowa, ayenera kudzera kumayambiriro luso. (kuphatikiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapangidwe ogwiritsiranso ntchito ma valve) ndi zopambana zaukadaulo pang'onopang'ono kuti zithetsedwe. Mavavu, zoweta kuthandiza mphamvu kwenikweni kukumana 300000 t/a ethylene, 300000 t/a ammonia, urea, 60000 t, 520000 t/a wa 80000 t/a/a mkulu-anzanu polyethylene, polypropyle000, 60olglycinet/0olglycine. , 80000 t/a vinilu kloridi, 50000 t/a propylene holt, 30000 t/a, acetaldehyde, 45000 t/a, 2.5 miliyoni t/a refinery, 3 butadiene 10,000 10,000M 10,000M nyukiliya, 3M 3M nyukiliya sewero, 3M 3M nyukiliya separation / 000 m3W mpweya station magetsi ndi mapaipi otumizira mtunda wautali ndi zida zina. Kukula kwa zida zazikulu zathunthu m'maiko akunja kukukulirakulira, kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa ma valve ofananira nawo. Palinso chikhalidwe chachitukuko ku China, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakuthandizira mphamvu poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka, makamaka omwe amawonekera mu mavavu apadera, ma valve apamwamba, machitidwe olamulira ndi zipangizo zoyendetsa galimoto.
Kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo wa mavavu apamagetsi (III) Njira yokonzekera mtundu wazinthu idzatsata zomwe JB/T4018. Pamene chipolopolocho ndi WCB ndi WC1, WC6 ndi WC9 zipangizo, chitsanzo cha ma valve chiyenera kupangidwa motsatira njira yomwe ili mu JB/T4018 pa carbon steel ndi cr al-V alloy steel motsatana. Chizindikiro cha pakhomo ndi chizindikiritso cha penti ya JB/T 106. Kwa thupi lopangidwa ndi WCB, chizindikiritso ndi penti zidzatanthawuza zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zitsulo za carbon; Kwa matupi a valve opangidwa ndi WC1, WC6, WC9, chophimba chozindikiritsa chidzatanthawuza zomwe zili muzitsulo zazitsulo. Kusintha kwa mtundu wa utoto kumaloledwa pa pempho la wogula.
Kulumikizana: Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo zamavavu apamagetsi (II)
8 Kuyika chizindikiro, kulongedza katundu, kusunga ndi mayendedwe
8.1 chizindikiro
8.1.1 Njira yophatikizira yachitsanzo iyenera kutsatira zomwe JB/T4018 ikupereka. Pamene chipolopolocho ndi WCB ndi WC1, WC6 ndi WC9 zipangizo, chitsanzo cha ma valve chiyenera kupangidwa motsatira njira yomwe ili mu JB/T4018 pa carbon steel ndi cr al-V alloy steel motsatana.
8.1.2 Pamene thupi la valve ndi WCB, WC1, WC6, WC9 zakuthupi, nambala yake ya chizindikiro ikhoza kulembedwa pa thupi la valve.
8.1.3 Metal nameplates adzayikidwa pazitsulo zoyenerera za valve, ndipo malo omangira ndi kukula kwa nameplates adzakhala molingana ndi zojambula zojambula. Chonde onani Zakumapeto F za zomwe zili patsambalo
8.1.4 Zigawo zofunika kwambiri ndi ma welds othamanga omwe amadutsa kuyendera adzawerengedwa kapena kulembedwa mwachindunji, ndipo zizindikiro zidzalembedwa m'derali ndi kupsinjika kochepa kwambiri, makamaka kupewa kupsinjika maganizo, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ndi kutentha komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, zomwe sizidzalepheretsa kuweruza kwa zotsatira za kuyesa kosawononga.
8.1.5 Kujambula kwa ma valve ndi kuzindikiritsa Kufotokozera Malingaliro a JB/T 106. Kwa thupi lopangidwa ndi WCB, chizindikiritso ndi kupenta zidzatanthawuza kuperekedwa kwa zipangizo za carbon steel; Kwa matupi a valve opangidwa ndi WC1, WC6, WC9, chophimba chozindikiritsa chidzatanthawuza zomwe zili muzitsulo zazitsulo. Kusintha kwa mtundu wa utoto kumaloledwa pa pempho la wogula. Zizindikiro zina ziyenera kulembedwa molingana ndi milingo yoyenera.
8.2 kunyamula
8.2.1 Musanayambe kulongedza, valavu iyenera kupakidwa utoto molingana ndi 8.1.5, ndipo mbali zomwe sizinapakidwe utoto kapena malo okonzedwa popanda dzimbiri ziyenera kupakidwa ndi mafuta odana ndi dzimbiri.
8.2.2 Kusindikiza pamwamba, mapeto otsekemera, kumapeto kwa ulusi ndi mkati mwa valavu kumbali zonse ziwiri za flange ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi mapulagi kapena mbale zophimba, ndipo zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsa ndi kusokoneza.
8.2.3 Zopangira ma valve zidzanyamulidwa ndi kutumizidwa molingana ndi mndandanda wazonyamula: Ma valve okhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu amatha kunyamulidwa amaliseche malinga ndi zofunikira za dongosolo, koma azionetsetsa kuti zisawonongeke panthawi yoyendetsa.
8.3 kusunga
Zopangira ma valve ziyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chowuma, cholowera mpweya wabwino ndikuwunjika bwino ngati pakufunika. Tsegulani posungira kapena kuunjika zinthu sikuloledwa.
8.4 mayendedwe
8.4.1 Panthawi yoyendetsa, diski ya valve idzatsekedwa ndipo diski ya valve yowunikira idzakhazikitsidwa; Valve ya pulagi iyenera kukhala pamalo osasunthika; Kulemera kwa valavu ya lever kudzachotsedwa pazitsulo, kuikidwa padera, ndipo leveryo idzakhazikika. Mbali ya flange kapena chitoliro cha nthambi chowotcherera poyambira kumapeto onse a valavu chatsekedwa ndi chivundikiro kapena pulagi kuti mupewe kulowerera kwa dothi ndi zimbudzi.
8.4.2 Mbali yowonekera ya tsinde iyenera kutetezedwa.
9 Kutumiza Fayilo
Zolemba zobweretsera zikuphatikiza satifiketi yazinthu, mndandanda wazolongedza katundu, ndi malangizo oyika ndi magwiridwe antchito. Zomwe zili mkati zikuwonetsedwa mu Zowonjezera G, H ndi I motsatana
Zowonjezera A
(Zowonjezera Zodziwitsa)
dongosolo
A.1 Maupangiri ofunikira pakuyitanitsa aperekedwa kwa Wogula mu Tebulo A.1.
Table A.1 Zofunikira pakuyitanitsa
A.2 Table A.2 imapereka malangizo owonjezera kwa ogula pazofunikira zenizeni zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavavu.
Table A.2 Zofunikira za dongosolo lapadera
Zowonjezera B
(Zowonjezera za Normative)
Pressure - kuchuluka kwa kutentha
B.1 Table B.1~ B.17 ikuwonetsa kuti zinthu za chipolopolo ndi 20.25. Zg200-400. Zg230-450.15crmo.zg20crmo.12crmo v. 15Cr1 Molv.zG20CrMov.zG15Cr1Mo1v.1Cr5Mo. ZG1Cr5Mo. 1Cr18Ni9Ti ndi ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti mavavu, Kuthamanga kwake mwadzina ndi 0.1 Mpa.0.25 Mpa.0.4 Mpa.0.6 Mpa.1.0 Mpa.1.6 mpa.2.5 Mpa.4.0 Mpa.6.3 Mpa.10.0 Mpa.16.0 Mpa.16.0 Mpa. Kuthamanga kwa kutentha pa 25.0 Mpa.32.0 Mpa.42.0 Mpa.50.0 Mpa.63.0 MPa.
B.2 Matebulo B.18 mpaka B.21 amasonyeza kupanikizika-kutentha kwa kalasi ya ma valve okhala ndi chipolopolo cha WCB.WC1.WC6.WC9 kwa kalasi ya mapaundi 150.300.600.900.1500.2000.2500.3500.4500 motsatira.