Giovanni F. Akola, Franco Cardini, Domenico Del Niro, Giordano Bruno Gehry, Gennaro Margiri, Gennaro San Giuliano, Mirella Seri, Marcelo Veneziani.
Ọ bụ naanị awa ole na ole fọdụrụ maka abalị kachasị egwu n'afọ: nke Jenụwarị 5th, abalị Befana, nke a na-akpọkwa "abalị iri na abụọ" n'ihi na ọ na-eme ụbọchị iri na abụọ ka ekeresimesi gachara ma kwụsị oge nke njem sitere na vegionque du. capod annocua du capod ụdị, ya mere, dị ka onye ọ bụla "isi nke afọ" ọ na-ejupụta n'ịgba afa.
A na-echetakwa nke a site n'ilu juru ebe niile karịsịa na Romagna na Tuscany, mgbe a kwenyere na ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwurịta okwu n'etiti etiti abalị, na mgbede nke Epiphany: Mare ". A kwenyere na ndị subia gbanarị mmegbu nke ndị nna ukwu ha, ya mere na January 5th ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị mmasị gbagbuo anụ ọhịa ha, jiri mkparị na nri dị ukwuu na ya mere de.
Ma ekwenyekwara na ndị nwụrụ anwụ nọ n'anụmanụ anụ ụlọ ndị nwetara ikike ịgba afa n'ime awa ndị ahụ, dịka ndị Magi atọ bụ ndị na-agba afa: ya mere onye akaebe na-atụghị anya ya nke gaara achọ ige ha ntị guistat Luareboretal. nke Pasquella, dị ka a na-akpọ Befana, otu nwunye dara electrocuted n'ala mgbe ọ na-ege ntị anụ ụlọ ya na anụ na-ebu amụma ọnwụ ya: - "Amaara m otú e si enweta ọnwụ ya", jụrụ otu n'ime ndị enyi nwanyị. Nke ọzọ zara, sị: "Echi ụtụtụ ha ga-akpọrọ ya ka e liri."
Na nkenke, n'eziokwu ihe a na-eme ememe n'abalị a, dị ka Alfredo Cattabiani na-ede, na "Lunario" (Mondadori) bụ nwanyị mmadụ nke afọ, Nne Nature nke, mgbe ọ ruru njedebe nke afọ ma ọ bụ agadi elchiata befana elchiutions, " Comare a mịrị amị” nke a ga-ekutu ma gbaa ọkụ, dị ka ọ ka na-eme n'ọtụtụ ebe na Italy, ọkachasị na njedebe nke Lent: ya mere, tupu ọ nwụọ, ọ na-enye sweets na amara si Italy nke ga-apụta na mmiri na Naturas.
N'obodo ụfọdụ, karịsịa na etiti ugwu Italy, site na Abruzzo ruo Romagna na Tuscany, n'abalị nke iri na abụọ, a ka nwere ememe oge ochie na nke ndị Kraịst, ya bụ "ịkwe Pasquella" na nke ụlọ. E nwere ìgwè ndị na-eto eto na ndị agadi, nke a na-akpọ "befanotti", bụ ndị mgbe ha na-abụ abụ na-enweta akwa, achịcha, cheese, sausaji: n'ọnọdụ onyinye ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ na-akwalite ọganihu nke afọ ọhụrụ na ọchịchọ ha. Amaokwu ndị a na-echetara anyị nke a:
Ememe Pasquella ka dị ndụ na Recanati, ebe ndị otu ụmụaka na-abụ abụ dị ka nke a:
Ha bụ amaokwu ndị na-ezokwa aka n'ememme Epiphany na Eastern Christianity, ka dị ndụ n'Ịtali na Piana degli Albanesi, na mpaghara Palermo, ebe a na-eme baptizim nke Jizọs, dịka e mere na Orostiente, ndị Basil nke mere ememe baptizim. nke Jizọs n’ikwere na ọbịbịa ahụ abụghị mgbe a mụrụ ya kama na baptizim. Mgbe ahụ, ndị Ụka Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nakweere oriri ahụ, na-agbanwe onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ememe anọ nke ọmụmụ Kraịst, nsọpụrụ nke ndị Magi, baptism ya na ọrụ ebube mbụ na Kena.
N'ikpeazụ, kwupụta na 5th narị afọ, ọ bụghị ọmụmụ Jizọs na-echeta, enịm maka December 25, ma ofufe nke ndị Magi: mgbe niile, okwu Epiphany pụtara "egosipụta", na n'ezie Sicele braenna nke "gosipụta" Chineke ka ndị ikom n’ime Ọkpara ya bụ́ Jizọs”, nke ndị amamihe atọ ahụ nọchiri anya ha. Site na Epifania Ọ ga-ewere aha ochie Befana: na mbụ nrụrụ ghọọ "Pifania" wee banye "Befania".
Ndị Oriental na-akpọkwa Epiphany "ememme ọkụ", na ebe nchekwa ya, ememme "pignarul" na-ewere ọnọdụ na Tarcento, na mpaghara Udine: na mgbede, a na-ebuli kpakpando n'elu pentica Cordico Asia na-esote ndị amamihe atọ. Ndị ikom nọ n'azụ ogologo njem ndị mmadụ yi uwe oge ochie na-ejide ọkụ.
Kpakpando bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri ma na Veneto na na Friuli nke "ọchịchọ nke ndị eze atọ": mmadụ atọ yigharịrị dị ka Magi na-esochi otu ìgwè ndị ọgbọ ha na-aga site n'ụlọ ruo n'ụlọ na-ebu n'aka ha kpakpando nke carilta. n'ọnọdụ nke "abụ nke kpakpando" nke ha ga-enweta nri ma ọ bụ ego.
Ma ka anyị laghachi na Befana bụ onye a maara na Ịtali site na ọtụtụ aha dị iche iche: dịka ọmụmaatụ "Vecchia" na Pavia, "Pifania" na Lario Orientale, "Vecia" ma ọ bụ "Stria" na Mantua, Padua, Treviso na Verona; na mgbe ahụ "Pasquetta" na Legnago mgbe ọ nọ na Venice a na-akpọ ya "Marantega" ma ọ bụ "Redodesa", aha a na-ahụkwa na Belluno Alps na variants "Redosega", "Redosola" na "Redosa".
Enwekwara "Sibilia" na Pirano, "Donnazza" na Borca di Cadore, "Anguana" na Cortina d'Ampezzo na "Berola" na mpaghara Treviso. Na n'ikpeazụ "Femenate" ma ọ bụ "Marangule" na Friuli; "Barbasa" Modena; Piacenza “Mara” na Bologna “Voecia”!
Ma ọ bụ ezie na n'eziokwu, ndị amoosu ochie niile nwere otu ọrụ ahụ, ya bụ iweta onyinye n'abalị nke Epiphany, ọ bụghị ha niile na-ele anya otu ihe, dị ka nke a na-agụ akwụkwọ na-egosi:
N'otu oge, ụmụaka ndị Rom, ka ha na-eche ọbịbịa nke Befana n'abalị nke January 5th, bụrụ abụ na-ewu ewu nke Rom:
Na ebee ka "Ala nke Bbephany" dị, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ga-ajụ? Ọfọn, e nwere ndị na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi na Rom, na Piazza Navona, ebe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ ụlọ ahịa na-egosi onyinye ndị "Bbefana" ga-ewetara ụmụntakịrị.
A na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ n'elu ụlọ nke ọmarịcha ogige ebe ya na di ya Bbefanoto na-enye obere onyinye n'ime afọ. N'ezie, n'oge ọrụ dị ukwuu ụmụ ha abụọ bụ ndị bi na omenala, otu na Sicily, na Cefalu, na nke ọzọ na Tuscany, nso Garfagnana, na-abịa inyere ha aka.
A na-akpọ nwa nwoke ahụ Maccavaddu na onye ahụ siri ike ma buru ibu, ga-abụ onye ga-enyere nne ya aka ịkwanye akpa ndị jupụtara na ihe egwuregwu n'elu broom anwansi ya n'abalị nke January 5th.
Kama nke ahụ, a na-akpọ nwa nwanyị nke "Bbefana" - aha Rom nke Befana - Pifanietta ma dị mma na ịkwa akwa sọks na-acha agba nke ụmụaka ga-ahapụ n'ọkụ, ma ọ bụ na davanrazale de la davaniole Marcfan's nke. N'uhuruchi nke mgbede Epiphany a na-abụ ya n'obodo ụfọdụ dị na Tuscany:
Ma ọbụna na Marche na Befana nwere ụlọ, kpọmkwem na obodo Urbania, nso Pesaro, ebe kwa afọ na January 6th niile Befanas nke ụwa na-ezukọ, bụ ndị karịa Costinphiliacs na yi sweets jupụtara obere onyinye.
N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, na ihe ọ bụla aha ya na ebe o bi, ezigbo nwanyị ochie nke na abalị iri na abụọ mgbe ekeresimesi gasịrị, na njedebe nke oge mgbanwe n'etiti ochie na afọ ọhụrụ, na-abịarute n'oge na Epibania albetro, dị ka ugbua. kwuru, na personification nke Nne Nature, na-eru ọgwụgwụ nke oyi ndụ okirikiri; ya mere ọ na-egosipụta onwe ya dị ka ụdị onye amoosu ochie na obi ọma na-agba aziza na-efe efe.
Na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị a niile, mbata nke Befana na-aga n'ihu na-abụ nnukwu ememe maka ụmụntakịrị ndị ga-echere nlọghachi ya n'oge n'afọ a, dị ka egwu ụmụaka a na-emesi obi ike, na-agba n'elu skuuta.
Ma kpachara anya, Befana achọghị ndị akaebe, ya mere n'abalị a, ụmụaka ga-ehi ụra n'isi ụtụtụ, ma ọ bụghị ya, ezigbo nwanyị ochie ga-efe efe na-akwụsịghị. Na karịa ihe niile ha kwesịrị ịdị mma na mmesapụ aka na ndị niile na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, n'ihi na Befana nke anwansi na-ahụ ma na-anụ, dị ka amaokwu Pascoli na-ekwu:
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