Re sebelisa li-cookies ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba hau.Ka ho tsoela pele ho bala sebaka sena sa marang-rang, u lumellana le tšebeliso ea rona ea li-cookies.Boitsebiso bo bong.
Tšebeletso e tebileng ha e na tlhaloso ea molao.E ka nkoa e bua ka maemo a ts'ebetso moo ho fetola li-valve ho bitsang chelete e ngata kapa ho fokotsa bokhoni ba ts'ebetso.
Ho na le tlhoko ea lefats'e ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea ts'ebetso ho ntlafatsa phaello liindastering tsohle tse amanang le maemo a thata a ts'ebeletso.Tsena li tsoa ho oli le khase le lik'hemik'hale tsa petrochemical ho ea ho nyutlelie le tlhahiso ea matla, ts'ebetso ea liminerale le merafo.
Baqapi le baenjiniere ba sebetsa ho finyella sena ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng.Mokhoa o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa ke ho eketsa nako le katleho ka ho laola ka katleho mekhoa ea ts'ebetso e kang ho koala ka katleho le ho laola phallo e ntlafalitsoeng.
Tšireletseho ea ts'ireletso e boetse e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa, kaha ho nkeloa sebaka ho fokolang ho ka lebisa sebakeng se sireletsehileng sa tlhahiso. Phetoho e kholo ea thepa ea bona. Ka lebaka leo, ho eketseha ha matla a ho sebetsa ho fella ka liphaephe le lisebelisoa tse fokolang (empa bophara bo boholo) bakeng sa phallo e tšoanang ea sehlahisoa le limithara tse fokolang.
Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore ntle le hore e be kholoanyane bakeng sa bophara ba liphaephe tse pharaletseng, likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea motho ka mong li lokela ho mamella ho pepeseha ha nako e telele tikolohong e thata ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea tlhokomelo le ts'ebetso e ncha.
Likaroloana, ho kenyeletsoa li-valve le libolo, li hloka ho ba matla ho lumellana le kopo e lakatsehang, empa hape li fana ka bophelo bo atolositsoeng ba ts'ebeletso. Leha ho le joalo, bothata bo boholo ka likopo tse ngata ke hore likarolo tsa tšepe li fihletse meeli ea bokhoni ba bona ba ts'ebetso. fumana mefuta e meng ea lisebelisoa tse seng tsa tšepe, haholo lisebelisoa tsa ceramic, bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebeletso tse batloang.
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho sebetsa likarolo tlas'a maemo a matla a ts'ebeletso e kenyelletsa ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso, ho hanyetsa ho bola, ho hanyetsa mokhathala, ho thatafala, matla le ho tiea.
Resilience ke parameter ea bohlokoa kaha likaroloana tse fokolang tse fokolang li ka hlōleha ka mokhoa o kotsi.Bothata ba thepa ea ceramic bo hlalosoa e le ho hanyetsa ho phatlalatsoa ha crack -sided notch beam e fana ka litekanyo tse nepahetseng.
Matla a amana le ho tiea, empa a bua ka ntlha e le 'ngoe eo thepa e hlōlehang ka eona ha ho sebelisoa khatello ea kelello.Hangata ho thoe ke "modulus of rupture"' me e lekanyetsoa ka ho nka matla a flexural a lintlha tse tharo kapa tse 'nè. Teko ea lintlha tse tharo e fana ka litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa 1% ho feta tlhahlobo ea lintlha tse 'ne.
Le hoja boima bo ka lekanyetsoa ka litekanyo tse sa tšoaneng tse kenyelletsang Rockwell le Vickers, Vickers microhardness scale e loketse hantle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic.Bothata bo fapana ho ea ka tekanyo ea ho hanyetsa ho apara ha thepa.
Li-valve tse sebetsang ka mokhoa oa cyclic, mokhathala ke bothata bo boholo ka lebaka la ho bula le ho koala ho tsoelang pele ha valve.Mokhathala ke moeli oa matla ho feta moo thepa e atisang ho hlōleha ka tlase ho matla a eona a tloaelehileng a flexural.
Ho hanyetsa kutu ho itšetlehile ka tikoloho ea ts'ebetso le mecha ea litaba e nang le thepa.Lisebelisoa tse ngata tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic li feta litšepe sebakeng sena, ntle le lisebelisoa tse ling tse thehiloeng ho zirconia "hydrothermally degrade" ha li pepesehetse mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso.
Karolo ea geometry, coefficient ea katoloso ea mocheso, conductivity ea mocheso, ho tiea, le matla kaofela li angoa ke ho sisinyeha ha mocheso.Sena ke sebaka se khothalletsang conductivity e phahameng ea mocheso le boima, ka hona, likarolo tsa tšepe li sebetsa ka katleho.Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ea thepa ea ceramic hona joale fana ka maemo a amohelehang a ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso.
Li-ceramics tse tsoetseng pele li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ka lilemo tse ngata' me li tumme har'a baenjiniere ba tšepahalang, baenjiniere ba limela le baqapi ba li-valve ba batlang ts'ebetso e phahameng le boleng. ea bohlokoa tšimong ea li-valve tse matla tsa tšebeletso, 'me li kenyelletsa silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina le zirconia.Valve le lisebelisoa tsa bolo ea valve li khethoa ho latela litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa kopo.
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea zirconia e sebelisoang ka li-valve tse nang le coefficient e ts'oanang ea ho atolosa mocheso le ho tiea joaloka tšepe.Magnesia e tsitsitseng ka mokhoa o itseng zirconia (Mg-PSZ) e na le matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a mocheso le boima, ha yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ) e thata ho feta empa e tloaetse ho senyeha ha hydrothermal.
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) e fumaneha ka mekhoa e fapaneng.Gas Pressure Sintered Silicon Nitride (GPPSN) ke lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa li-valve le likarolo tsa li-valve, tse fanang ka boima bo phahameng le matla, ho hanyetsa mocheso o babatsehang le botsitso ba mocheso ho phaella ho boima bo tloaelehileng. Ho phaella moo, Si3N4 e fana ka sebaka se loketseng sa zirconia sebakeng sa mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, ho thibela ho senyeha ha hydrothermal.
Ka lebaka la lichelete tse thata, li-specifiers li ka khetha ho tloha ho SiC kapa Alumina. Lisebelisoa ka bobeli li na le boima bo phahameng, empa ha li matla ho feta zirconia kapa silicon nitride. Sena se bontša hore lisebelisoa tsena li loketse hantle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa likarolo tse tsitsitseng tse kang li-valve bushings le litulo, ho e-na le ho feta. libolo tsa khatello e phahameng kapa li-discs.
Lisebelisoa tsa ceramic tse tsoetseng pele li na le boima bo fokolang le matla a tšoanang ho feta lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse matla tsa li-valve tsa tšebeletso, ho akarelletsa le chromium iron (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy le Stellite.
Lisebelisoa tse thata tsa tšebeletso li kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea li-valve tsa rotary tse kang li-valve tsa serurubele, li-trunnions, li-valve tsa bolo tse phaphametseng le li-springs.Litšebelisong tse joalo, Si3N4 le zirconia li fana ka ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso, ho thata le matla a ho mamella maemo a thata ka ho fetisisa.Ka lebaka la ho thatafala le ho hanyetsa kutu. ea thepa, bophelo ba tšebeletso ea likarolo li phahame ka makhetlo a 'maloa ho feta likarolo tsa tšepe.Melemo e meng e kenyelletsa litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso ea valve holim'a bophelo ba eona bo molemo, haholo-holo libakeng tseo ho tsona ho bolokang bokhoni le taolo ea ho koala.
Sena se bontšoa ts'ebetsong ea 65 mm (2.6 in) valve kynar / RTFE ball le liner e pepesehileng ho 98% sulfuric acid le ilmenite, e fetoloang ho titanium oxide pigment. ho fihlela libeke tse tšeletseng. Leha ho le joalo, ho sebelisa ball valve trim (Figure 1) e entsoeng ho tloha Nilcra™, magnesia e tsitsitseng ka mokhoa o itseng oa zirconia (Mg-PSZ) e fanang ka thata e babatsehang le ho hanyetsa kutu, e fana ka ts'ebeletso ea lilemo tse tharo e sa sitisoeng ntle le ntho leha e le efe e ka bonoang. apara.
Ka li-valve tsa linear tse kenyeletsang li-angle, throttle kapa globe valves, zirconia le silicon nitride li loketse bakeng sa plug le setulo ka bobeli ka lebaka la "setulo se thata" sa lihlahisoa tsena. ho tiisa ho ka finyelloa ka ho bapisa libolo tse silang holim'a setulo sa valve.
Bakeng sa li-valve bushings, ho kenyelletsa le plug ea valve, inlet le outlet, kapa lihlahla tsa 'mele, leha e le efe ea lisebelisoa tse' nè tse ka sehloohong tsa ceramic li ka sebelisoa ho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tsa kopo. bophelo ba sehlahisoa.
Ka mohlala, nka serurubele sa DN150 se sebelisoang setsing sa ho hloekisa bauxite sa Australia. Likahare tse phahameng tsa silika tsa mecha ea litaba li ka etsa hore ho be le maemo a phahameng a ho senyeha ha li-valve bushings. Li-liner le li-discs tsa pele li ne li entsoe ka 28% CrFe alloy 'me li ne li sebelisetsoa feela Libeke tse 8 ho isa ho tse 10. Leha ho le joalo, ka li-valve tse entsoeng ka Nilcra™ Zirconia (Setšoantšo sa 2), bophelo ba tšebeletso bo ile ba eketseha ho fihlela libeke tse 70.
Ka lebaka la boima ba bona le matla a bona, li-ceramics li sebetsa hantle lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa li-valve. Leha ho le joalo, ke ho thatafala ha bona le ho hanyetsa ha kutu ho tlatsetsang ho phela nako e telele ha valve.Sena se fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa bophelo bohle ka ho fokotsa nako ea ho fokotsa likarolo tse ncha, ho fokotsa chelete e sebetsang. le lethathamo la thepa, ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea matsoho, le ho ntlafatsa polokeho ka ho lutla ho fokolang.
Tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ceramic ka li-valve tse nang le khatello e phahameng e 'nile ea e-ba e' ngoe ea lintho tse tšoenyang haholo hobane li-valve tsena li tlas'a meroalo e phahameng ea axial kapa torsional.
Khaello e 'ngoe e kholo ke boholo.Setulo se seholohali le bolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa (setšoantšo sa 3) se hlahisoang ke magnesia e tsitsitseng ka mokhoa o itseng zirconia ke DN500 le DN250, ka ho latellana.Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba li-specifiers hajoale li khetha li-ceramics bakeng sa likarolo tsa boholo bona.
Le hoja lisebelisoa tsa ceramic li se li ipakile e le khetho e nepahetseng, ho hlokahala hore ho lateloe tataiso e bonolo ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea bona.Lisebelisuoa tsa ceramic li lokela ho sebelisoa feela pele ha ho hlokahala ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.Likhutlo tse bohale le khatello ea maikutlo li lokela ho qojoa ka hare le ka hare kantle.
Ntho leha e le efe e ka 'nang ea e-ba le ho se lumellane ha mocheso oa ho atolosa mocheso o lokela ho nkoa nakong ea moralo.Ho fokotsa khatello ea hoop, ho hlokahala ho boloka ceramic ka ntle, eseng ka hare.Qetellong, tlhokahalo ea mamello ea geometri le ho qeta holimo e lokela ho nkoa ka hloko, kaha tsena e ka eketsa litšenyehelo tse kholo le tse sa hlokahaleng.
Ka ho latela litataiso tsena le mekhoa e metle ea ho khetha lisebelisoa le ho hokahanya le barekisi ho tloha qalong ea morero, ho ka fihleloa tharollo e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tebileng ea litšebeletso.
Tlhahisoleseding ena e nkiloe linthong tse bonahalang, litlhahlobo le liphetoho tse fanoeng ke Morgan Advanced Materials.
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics.(November 28, 2019).Lisebelisuoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse batloang tsa tšebeletso.AZOM.E khutlisitsoe January 14, 2022 ho tloha https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
Morgan Advanced Materials – Technical Ceramics.”Advanced Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Application”.AZOM.January 14, 2022..
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics "Advanced Ceramic Materials for Hard Service Applications".AZOM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.(Accessed 14 January 2022).
Morgan Advanced Materials - Tekheniki Ceramics.2019. Lisebelisoa tsa Ceramic tse tsoetseng pele bakeng sa Likopo tsa Ts'ebeletso e Kholo.AZoM, e fihletsoe ka la 14 Pherekhong 2022, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
Puisanong ena, AZoM e buisana le Mohamed Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and Technology Professor Emeritus of Materials Science and Engineering, mabapi le bioceramics le tšebeliso ea bona e ka bang teng ho boenjiniere ba biomedical.
AZoM e buile le Dr. Iolanda Duarte le Juliane Moura mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa bona, tse nahanang ka ho ba teng ha limela tse feteletseng ka liphanele tsa photovoltaic.
AZoM e buile le Moprofesa Andrea Fratalocchi oa KAUST mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa hae, tse shebaneng le likarolo tse neng li sa lemohuoe tsa mashala.
Tšebeliso e mpe ea mafura e ka lebisa ho liphoso tse ngata tsa ho beleha.Ka 40% ea bophelo ba ho beleha e sa lekana ho fana ka boleng ba eona ba boenjiniere, ho tlotsoa ha mafura le ho feta ke libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ho beha leihlo.LUBEexpert e u lumella ho sebelisa lubricant e nepahetseng sebakeng se nepahetseng. nako e nepahetseng.
Ena ke foil e tloaelehileng ea koporo ea JX Nippon Mining & Metals e nang le maemo a bonolo le ho hanyetsa ho thothomela.
Anton Paar's XRDynamic (XRD) 500 ke mochine oa X-ray oa phofshoana ea phofo ea X-ray e sebetsang hantle le e fapaneng.
Nako ea poso: Jan-15-2022
