High-pressure fire-fighting water supply system-imwe mhando ye-high-pressure fire hydrant inopa mvura yakawanda kupfuura marori matatu emoto-tangi remvura rinopisa moto rinoshandiswa sechigadziro chemvura chekuchengetedza kana pasina chigadziro chemoto chiripo.
San Francisco ine nzira yekubatsira yemvura inoshandiswa chete kudzivirira moto. Inosanganisira nzira yekugovera iyo yakazadzwa nemvura yakachena-yakanyanya, inodyiswa negiravhiti kubva mutangi remvura uye tangi hombe yekuchengetedza mvura, uye yakabatanidzwa kune mbiri yekupomba pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, inokwanisa kupomba mvura yemunyu yakananga mukati. hurongwa. Iyo yekugovera sisitimu ine pombi network inopisa nzvimbo dzakadzika-dzika dzeguta uye inopa dziviriro yemoto yenzvimbo inosvika 9 1/2 square mamaira. Kuti vadzivirire piers uye nzvimbo dzekuzadza uye zviteshi munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, ngarava mbiri dzekudzima moto dzakagadzirwa. Zvikepe izvi zvinogona kubatanidzwa kuhurongwa hwekugovera kuburikidza nemhando mbiri dzakaiswa munzvimbo dzakakodzera, zvichibvumira ngarava kuti dzipombe mvura yegungwa kubva mubhayi kuenda kuhurongwa hwekugovera. Hwerengedzo yematangi emvura ekudzima moto ekongiri 141 akavakwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muguta rose, kunyange mumigwagwa iri kunze kwenzvimbo dzakafukidzwa negadziriro yepombi inodzvinyirira zvikuru.
Aya matangi emvura anofanira kugara akazara nemvura yakachena uye kushandiswa pasina ma hydrants emoto. Iyo nzira yekupa mvura yezvinangwa zvemumba, yakasununguka zvachose kubva kune inotsanangurwa muchinyorwa ichi, yakabatana kune yakaderera-inomanikidza moto ma hydrants muguta rese, nekudaro ichipa kumwe kuchengetedzwa munzvimbo dzakazara vanhu. Lira alarm system yakatangwa pamwe chete neaya yekubatsira mvura system, uye chiteshi chekudzima moto chakamiswa pakati.
Basa pahurongwa hwekupa mvura yekubatsira rakatanga muna 1909 uye rakapedzwa pakupera kwa1913 pasi pehutungamiriri hweinjiniya weguta razvino MM O'Shaughnessy. Mari yese yehurongwa i $5,756,000, uye inogona kuchengetedza mari yeinishuwarenzi gore rega rega. Mari yacho inodarika $1,400,000.
Iyo yekugovera sisitimu inosanganisira 74.5 mamaira emapombi esimbi yakakandwa. Iyo chubhu inonyatso kuenderana nezvakatsanangurwa neNew England Water Association uye yakaedzwa mufekitori. Pakuedza pombi, pamusono wega wega wakatwasuka wakayerwa mukati medenderedzwa repombi, garoni rimwe remvura raibuda mumaawa makumi maviri nemana ega ega. Kukura kwepombi kunotangira kubva pa20 inches mudhayamita kusvika 8 inches mudhayamita, neavhareji dhayamita ye14 inches. Iyo 8-inch pombi inoshandiswa chete kune waya kubva mumugwagwa mukuru kusvika kune moto hydrant. Kunze kwedzimwe nzvimbo (nhamba yacho ina), mapaipi ese ane mabhero-akaita semapaipi uye casing pombi. Mamwe mapaipi akaiswa panzvimbo yakazadzwa kuti aite basa guru mumajoini kana pakaitika kudengenyeka kwenyika kana njodzi yekudengenyeka kwenyika. Basa re. Pombi yepasi mbiri-plug yakaiswa munzvimbo idzi, iyo yakagurwa kubva papombi paivhu rakasimba nevhavha yakavharwa. Rimwe remavharuvhu rakanga rakavhurika pedyo nenzvimbo yemoto, richibvumira kupinda munzvimbo yacho.
Sezvo San Francisco inonyanya kuvakwa pazvikomo zvakatevedzana, kuitira kuti vaverenge kusiyana kwekukwirira, vanhu vakaona zvakakodzera kuparadzanisa hurongwa muzvikamu zviviri, zvinonzi "nzvimbo yepamusoro" uye "nzvimbo yepasi". Nzvimbo yepamusoro ndiyo chikamu chiri pamusoro pemamita 150 pakureba, uye nzvimbo yepasi ndiyo chikamu chiri pasi pemamita zana pakureba. Ivhavha yakavharwa munzvimbo yepamusoro inogurwa kubva munzvimbo yepasi. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe inopihwa kuburikidza neakasiyana tangi yekuchengetedza. Dziva rakakura, rainzi Shuangfeng Reservoir, rakaiswa pakakwirira uye rakabatana nematangi ekuchengetedza munzvimbo yepamusoro, nzvimbo yakaderera uye nzvimbo yepamusoro kuburikidza nepombi yepamusoro inotungamirira zvakananga kumudziyo. Mapaipi aya kazhinji anopfuura nemavharuvhu akavharwa. vhara. Kana pane moto mukuru, kana kumanikidzwa kunodiwa nemoto kwakakura kudarika kumanikidzwa kunopiwa nekukwirira kwetangi yemafuta, unogona kuivhura. Uko mapaipi anoyambuka pamharadzano dzemigwagwa, mavharuvhu mana anoiswa, imwe papombi yenzvimbo imwe neimwe, kuitira kuti chero chivharo chinogona kudimburwa kubva kune imwe gadziriro kana pakavhiringidzwa.
Kune 907 moto hydrants muhurongwa, uye imwe neimwe hydrant yemoto ine 3 mabhoti ane dhayamita ye 3 1/2 inches, iyo miviri miviri yakaderedzwa kusvika 3 inches muhupamhi. Avhareji yekumanikidza pachodhi remoto munzvimbo yepamusoro i130 pounds. Per square inch, 143 mapaundi munzvimbo yepasi. Per square inch.
Varuvhu idhisiki rinotarisana nedhisiki risingasimuke hunde, lining yebhuronzi, uye dhayamita idiki 2 inches pane chero akawanda ane saizi inodarika masendimita gumi. Iwo 16-inch uye 18-inch mavharuvhu ane 3-inch uye 4-inch bypass mavharuvhu, zvichiteerana, uye anogona kuiswa vertically kana kuchinjika. Iyo ngowani nevharuvhu yebypass inodiwa panzvimbo yakachinjika yakasiyana neiyo yenzvimbo yakatwasuka. Isai mavharuvhu ane dhayamita inodarika masendimita gumi mumakomba ekongiri akasimbiswa, isa mavharuvhu 8-inch uye 10-inch pasi pevhu, apo mavharuvhu masere-inch ane 6-inch risers, uye 10-inch mavharuvhu ari kongiri Koni Riser.
Kune dura rekuchengetera rinokwana 10,000,000 magaloni paTwin Peaks. Mvura inokwira mamita 758. Iine chimiro cheoval ine axis ye375 tsoka uye 280 tsoka. Materu epadivi ane maviri munzira yakachinjika uye imwe munzira yakatwasuka, uye kudzika kwemvura kuita 25 tsoka. Mativi nepasi zvakashongedzwa neakasimbiswa kongiri slabs, uye kune majoini ekuwedzera pakati pe slab yega yega. Yakakamurwa kuita makamuri maviri akaenzana neyakasimbiswa kongiri yekuparadzanisa madziro, ine zvitsigiro zvakasimba kune rumwe rutivi. Imwe neimwe bay ine yakazvimirira yekumberi bay uye gedhi compartment. Mabheji maviri epamberi akabatanidzwa nepombi 20-inch ine gedhi kumagumo ega ega. Makamuri maviri ekukiyira akabatanidzwa nepombi ye20-inch, ine vharafu yegedhi kumagumo ega ega. Imba yega yega ine pombi ye20-inch inotungamira kubva papombi kuenda kune yepamusoro nzvimbo yekuchengetera tangi nenzvimbo. Nekudaro, ivo vanobviswa kubva pakugovera sisitimu nemavharuvhu ekuvhara mune aya mapaipi makumi maviri-inch uye anovhurwa chete mumamiriro ekukurumidzira. Tangi rekuchengetera rinozadzwa kubva mutangi rekuchengetera repamusoro nemapombi maviri emagetsi centrifugal ari mutangi rekuchengetera repamusoro, uye pombi yega yega yecentrifugal ine simba remagaloni mazana manomwe paminiti.
Iyi inowanzodaidzwa kuti Asbury Heights Tank uye iri paAsbury Street pakati pe17th ne18th Streets. Chimiro chendiro yesimbi panheyo yekongiri yakasimbiswa ine dhayamita yemamita makumi mashanu neshanu, kureba kwemainji makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe 1/2 inch, uye inokwana magaroni mazana mashanu ezviuru. Mvura yakakwirira inosvika 493.5 tsoka. Mapombi matatu ane 18-inch anotungamira kubva mupombi iyi kuenda kunzvimbo yekumusoro uye anozadzwa pasi pesimba rinokwevera pasi kuburikidza nepombi 6-inch yakabatana neSpring Valley Water Company's Clarendon Heights tangi yekuchengetera. A reinforced concrete gatehouse iri pamberi petangi remvura.
Iyi inozivikanwawo seJones Street Tank uye iri pakati paJones Street, Sacramento neClay Street. Icho chimiro chekongiri chakasimbiswa chine huwandu hwe750,000 magaloni. The mukati dhayamita 60 tsoka uye kureba 35 tsoka 10 inches. Mvura inosvika 369 tsoka.
Nzvimbo yepasi inopihwa kubva mutangi remvura nemapombi maviri 18-inch. Kana zvichidikanwa, tangi yemvura inogona kupfuudzwa uye nzvimbo yepasi inogona kupihwa kubva kumusoro. Tangi rekuchengetedza rakazadzwa negiravhiti kuburikidza nepombi 6-inch inotungamira kubva muClay Street tangi yekuchengetera yeSpring Valley Water Company. Imwe concierge yekongiri yakasimbiswa yakanga yabatanidzwa netangi remvura, uye mumwe mudzima moto akanga aripo.
Chiteshi ichi chiri paSecond Street neTownsend Street padhuze nechokumaodzanyemba kweiyo nzira yekugovera uye yakagadzirirwa kupomba mvura yemunyu kubva kubheji kupinda muhurongwa. Chivako chivakwa chekongiri chakasimbiswa. Yakavakwa padombo rakasimba uye yakagadzirirwa kutsungirira kudengenyeka kwenyika, inonzi ndiyo chivako chakasimba kwazvo muSan Francisco.
Yakashongedzerwa nemaseti mana emapombi e-multi-stage turbo, ayo akabatana zvakananga kune 750-horsepower Curtis type horizontal non-condensing steam turbine. Imwe neimwe turbine ine 2700 galoni yakavimbiswa uye chaiyo inokwana zviuru zvitatu zvemaita emvura paminiti. Musoro unorema makirogiramu mazana matatu. Per square inch. Iyo pombi inopihwa kuburikidza neyakasimbiswa kongiri tunnel ine dhayamita yemamita matanhatu, iyo inotanga kubva pabhayi. Chiteshi chekukweva chepombi chine dhayamita inoita masendimita gumi nemaviri uye musoro wemafiti gumi nemashanu. Iwo anoburitswa akananga muchikamu chepasi pasi kuburikidza nemapaipi maviri e20-inch. Kune huwandu husere 350 HP Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Aya mabhoiler anoiswa mumabhatiri mana, rimwe nerimwe rine mabhoilers maviri uye akavharirwa munzvimbo isina mhepo yezvidhinha nesimbi. Bhatiri rega rega rakabatana kune imwe yakasimbiswa kongiri chimuney, iri 68 inches muhupamhi uye 90 tsoka pamusoro pekabhini pasi. Aya mabhoilers anoshandiswa kupisa mafuta emafuta, uye kune tangi yekuchengetera mafuta ine huwandu hwe2,000 madhiramu pasi pemugwagwa kunze kwechivako.
Imba yepasi yakacherwa kudzika kwakakodzera kuti ipe matanhatu rectangular yakasimbiswa kongiri matangi emvura anoumba tsigiro yekamuri yekubikira pasi uye kupa 1,000,000 magaroni emvura yakachena yebhailer. Mvura yakachena uye giresi chengetedzo yakapihwa inokwana kumhanyisa nzvimbo yese yebasa kwemaawa makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu.
Chiteshi ichi chiri paBlack Point muFort Mason, kumucheto kwekuchamhembe kwehurongwa hwekugovera. Midziyo yacho yakada kufanana neyekutanga chiteshi, kunze kwekuti Stirling boiler inoshandiswa panzvimbo yeBabcock & Wilcox boiler. Tungamira pombi mbiri 20-inch kubva pachiteshi, imwe inotungamira kunzvimbo yepamusoro uye imwe inotungamira kunzvimbo yepasi.
Iyo yose sisitimu inogara yakachengetwa yakazara nemvura yakachena pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru. Muchiitiko chemoto, injini, hose ngoro, hoko, manera uye shongwe dzemvura, zvese zvinofambiswa nemota zvinofanirwa kupindura foni. Chikonzero nei injini ichipindura kufona imhaka yekuti madhirimu emoto eSpring Valley Water Company anovhara nzvimbo yacho zvakanyanya kupfuura madhiri emoto eiyo yakanyanya-kumanikidza moto kurwisa system. Nokudaro, zvinowanzoonekwa kuti kushandisa idzi low pressure hydrants zviri nyore kushandisa moto hydrant uye kushandisa injini. Panzvimbo pekubvisa chivharo chimwe chete kana kupfuura chemugwagwa uye kushandisa high-pressure fire hydrants. Iyo hose trolley inoshandiswa ine bhatiri rekutarisa, saka hapana chikonzero chekushandisa bhatiri trolley.
Paunenge uchishandisa high-pressure fire hydrant, tanga wabatanidza vharuvhu yekumanikidza kune chinobuda chepombi yemoto. Ivhavha inowanzoiswa ku120 pounds. Dzvinyiriro, izvi zvinogadzira anenge makumi mapfumbamwe emapaunzi ekumanikidza kwenozzle. Hose ine hurefu hwemamita mazana maviri. A high-pressure fire hydrant ichava nemvura yakawanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kupfuura matatu makuru makuru emoto muguta. Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwevhavha yekuderedza kudzvinyirira, iyo ine mabhoti maviri kubva kune imwe neimwe yezvitatu zvemagetsi emoto, uye mapeji maviri anotungamira kubva mairi anopiwa nekubatana kwakabatana, kuitira kuti imwe yemoto 8 hoses yakagadzirwa, 1 1 /4 inches mudhayamita. Huremu hwemhuno i100 pounds. Iyo dzvinyiriro yenozzle inogona kuwana 2290 galoni paminiti kubva pamoto hydrant, zvichienzaniswa ne2250 magaloni paminiti kumarori matatu emoto.
MuPumping Station No. 1, imwe seti yebhoilers inogara ichichengetwa pasi pemhepo inopisa, uye mabhoilers akasara anogona kuiswa mukushanda mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu. Zvisinei, chete kana pakaitika moto mukuru kana kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasimba, kunoteverwa nemoto mukuru, unofanira kushandisa brine munzvimbo yekupomba kana ngarava yekudzima moto.
Kana moto mukuru ukaitika munzvimbo yakaderera, imwe kana mamwe mavharuvhu emagedhi anogona kuvhurwa kuti abudise 214 mapaundi ekumanikidza munzvimbo yakaderera, uye nzvimbo yepasi inogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga kune mapaipi ari kumusoro. Per square inch, kana inogona kubatanidzwa kune kaviri peak reservoir nenzira imwechete, iyo peak pressure i328 pounds. Per square inch munzvimbo yepasi. Bhokisi rearamu yemoto riri mumugwagwa, kuitira kuti vashandi vari kutungamira kwekutonga kwemoto vagone kutumira telegraph kune varindi vematangi nemadziva.
Kana mvura shoma inodhonzwa kuburikidza nekubatana kwemoto A (somuenzaniso, mvura shoma pane inopfapfaidza inoda), mvura inoyerera kuburikidza ne metered bypass B nekuti kushorwa kweiyi nzira kudiki pane kushomeka kwe disc C yevhavhavhavhavha. . E, uwandu huchanyorwa pamamita emvura D. Zvisinei, sezvo kuyerera kuburikidza nehurongwa kunowedzera, kushorwa mu bypass kuchava kukuru zvokuti inomanikidza mvura kuburikidza nevhavhavhavha. Muchiitiko ichi, kuputika kwevhavha muvhavhavha yearamu ichasimuka, nokudaro kuzarura chikwata G muchubhu duku H. Imba yemhepo J inoiswa pachubhu kuti ichengetedze nyundo yemvura uye iite sekamuri yekuderedza kudzivirira nhema. alarms. Zvadaro, pombi H inobatanidzwa kune rekodhi rekodhi gauge K. Apo kuputika kwevhavha pavhavhavhavha inodzokera kuchigaro chevhavha, jongwe M rinochengeta chikamu chakavharwa chekupedza pombi L ichibudisa kumanikidzwa kwepombi H. Nokudaro, rekodha inonyora nguva iyo mvura inoyerera kuburikidza nevhavhavhavha. Iyo pombi diki N inotungamirwa kubva papombi H, uye yakabatana neinotyora dunhu kana mota yemvura. Kana mvura iri mupombi N ichisimuka, muparadzi wedunhu kana mota yemvura ichashanda, nokudaro ichiburitsa aramu yemoto.
Sezvambotaurwa, hurongwa hune zvikamu zvina zvakavakwa pavhu rakazadzwa, uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine valve yakazaruka. Muchiitiko chekudengenyeka kwenyika kwakanyanya, zvinokurudzirwa kuvhara mavharuvhu aya akazaruka. Kana pane moto munzvimbo iyi, motokari yemoto inoedza kutarisa nepakati petangi remvura yemoto. Izvi zvinofungidzira kuti hurongwa hwekupa mvura yemumba hauchashandi. Kana moto kune imwe nzvimbo muguta unenge wadzima, vadzimi vemoto vakabviswa mumoto vachatendeudzira pfungwa dzavo kune nzvimbo yakazaruka uye vachatungamirira mitsara yakareba yehosi kubva mumagetsi emoto uye moto wemoto pane imwe nzvimbo yakasimba yakatarisana. Kuti udzime moto munzvimbo idzi, zvikepe zvemoto zvinogadzikwa pakatarisana nemvura.
Kuti upe masevhisi ekudzivirira moto, chirongwa chekupa mvura chinofanira kuiswa paCamp Sherman muCircleville, Ohio. Kunatsiridzwa kunosanganisira kuisa mamwe masimba emagetsi pachivakwa chega chega uye kumisa mapombi akatwasuka ane dzvinyiriro yemvura yemapaundi makumi mapfumbamwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-19-2021
