Pachido chemuzivi wenyeredzi kwemakore gumi anotevera: materesikopu maviri makuru uye teresikopu yemuchadenga yekutsvaga hupenyu kunze kwePasi nenyika inogarika.
Vazivi venyeredzi vekuAmerica nemusi weChina vakadana United States kuti idyare mari muchizvarwa chitsva cheteresikopu “yakakura zvikuru” inokosha mabhiriyoni emadhora. Materesikopu aya achava akakura kudarika chero materesikopu aripanyika parizvino kana ari muchadenga orbit.
Kudyara uku kunoda ruponeso uye musanganiswa wekuedza kwemapurojekiti maviri anokwikwidza, anoti teresikopu hombe yeMagellan uye teresikopu yemamita makumi matatu. Kana yapera, kunzwisiswa kwemateresikopu aya ane main condenser madhayamita emamita makumi maviri nemashanu nemamita makumi matatu kuchakwira zvakapetwa ka100 kudarika teresikopu iri kushandiswa parizvino.
Dzichagonesa vazivi vemitumbi yomudenga kuona musimboti wemakwara enzou ari kure mukudzika, uko makomba matema mahombe anodzungaira uye achibudisa simba; ongorora zvakavanzika zverima zvinhu uye simba rakasviba; uye kudzidza mapuraneti akatenderedza nyeredzi kunze kwezuva. Zvichida zvinotokosha zvikuru, vanogona kumutsa mibvunzo mitsva pamusoro pemasikirwo echisiko chapose pose.
Asi vezvenyeredzi vange vachiedza kuunganidza mari inokwana kwemakore kuti vazadzikise zviroto zvavo. Muchikumbiro chitsva ichi, National Science Foundation ichapa bhiriyoni imwe nemazana matanhatu emadhora ekuAmerica kupedza zvirongwa zviviri izvi, yozobatsira kuzvifambisa sechikamu chechirongwa chitsva chinonzi US Very Large Telescope.
Nemusi weChina, nyanzvi dzezvemuchadenga dzakakurudzirawo NASA kuti itange chirongwa chitsva chikuru chekutarisa uye kukura kwehunyanzvi, icho chichagadzira nhevedzano yezvitundumuseremusere zvemuchadenga mumakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu anotevera. Yekutanga iteresikopu yemaziso yakakura kupfuura Hubble Space Telescope, inogona kutsvaga nekudzidza mapuraneti epasi munzvimbo dziri pedyo-pamwe inogarika “exo-Earth”. Nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzinoti NASA chete ndiyo inogona kuita izvi, uye yakataura kuti inogona kunge yakagadzirira muna 2040 nemutengo wemabhiriyoni gumi nerimwe emadhora ekuAmerica.
Kurudziro mbiri idzi ndidzo huru mune yakamirirwa kwenguva refu-mapeji 614 mushumo "Discovery Pathways in Astronomy and Astrophysics in the 2020s" yakabudiswa neNational Academy of Sciences, Academy of Engineering, uye Chikoro cheMishonga nemusi weChina.
Mumakore makumi manomwe apfuura, makore gumi ega ega, academy yakatsigira ongororo yenharaunda yezvenyeredzi kuitira kuti zvigadzirise zvinhu zvakakura mumakore gumi anotevera. Sezvatinoziva tese, kuferefeta kwemakore gumi kwakwezva kutarisa kweCongress, NASA, National Science Foundation, uye Dhipatimendi reMagetsi.
Basa regore rino ibazi reAstronomy naFiona A. Harrison weCalifornia Institute of Technology naRobert C. Astronomy weYunivhesiti yeArizona neTexas A&M University. Mapepa machena anokwana mazana masere nemakumi matanhatu akaendeswa kuongororo iyi, achitsanangura teresikopu ingangove, mishoni dzemuchadenga dzinofanirwa kutangwa, ongororo kana ongororo dzinofanirwa kuitwa, uye kusiyana-siyana kwenyaya dzinofanirwa kugadziriswa nenharaunda yezvenyeredzi.
Dr. Harrison vati mubvunzurudzo yavo komiti yavo yakaedza kuenzanisa pakati pechishuwo uye nguva nemari inodiwa pazvirongwa izvi. Semuyenzaniso, pfungwa dzinoverengeka pamusoro pechitundumuseremusere chekuongorora mapuraneti dzakataurwa. Mamwe akakurisa, mamwe madiki; vamwe vanotora zana remakore kuti vauraye. Chikwata hachina kusarudza mumwe wavo, asi chakakumbira nharaunda neNASA kuti vauye nezano reteresikopu yenzvimbo yemamita matanhatu. (Chionioni chikuru cheHubble chine 2.4 metres muhupamhi.)
"Uku ndiko kuongorora kwechishuwo," akawedzera. "NASA chete uye United States chete ndiyo inogona kuita izvi. Tinotenda kuti tinogona kuzviita. "
Matt Mountain, sachigaro weAssociation for University Astronomy Research (AURA), iyo inotungamira inoongorora yeNational Science Foundation, yakatsanangura mushumo wemakore gumi se "ushingi kwazvo" mune email. "Uye havana kuzeza kutaura chiono kwemakumi emakore, zvinova ndizvo zvazvinoda uye zvinoda kutora."
Ongororo yemakore gumi ine chinyorwa chakabudirira. Hubble Space Telescope neJames Webb Space Telescope, iyo yakatangwa muna 1990 uye ichiri kushanda-yakagadzirirwa kuona kutanga kwenguva, uye yakarongerwa kutanga mwedzi unouya-vakabatsirikana nepamusoro-soro muongororo yemakore gumi apfuura. .
Naizvozvo, nharaunda dzemuchadenga nedzemuchadenga dzakamirira nechido mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo itsva yega yega. "Komiti yagara yakavanzika," Natalie Batalha, purofesa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Santa Cruz, akadaro mune email manheru emushumo. Aive paNASA's Kepler Planet. Akaita basa rinotungamira mubasa rekutsvaga. “Kutaura chokwadi hapana chandakanzwa. Handichagoni kumirira.”
Mumushumo wayo weChina, koreji yakaronga zvinangwa zvesainzi zvitatu zvemakore gumi anotevera: kutsvaga mapuraneti nehupenyu; chidzidzo chemakomba madema uye neutron nyeredzi, izvo zvikonzero zvezviitiko zvechisimba zvakanyanya mumasikirwo; uye kukura kwemapoka enyeredzi. Kukura nekushanduka-shanduka.
Mushumo wacho unoti: “Makumi mashoma amakore anotevera achaisa vanhu munzira yokuona kana tiri toga.” “Upenyu paPasi hunogona kuva mugumisiro wemuitiro wakafanana, kana kuti zvingada nhevedzano yemhoteredzo dzisina kujairika kuti tiri Isu chete chisikwa chiri muboka renyeredzi uye kunyange muchadenga. Chero mhinduro yakadzama."
Pfungwa yepurojekiti yeTeresikopu Yakakura kwazvo ndeyekuda nekuti inosanganisira musanganiswa wemapurojekiti maviri eteresikopu anokwikwidza, anoti teresikopu yemamita makumi matatu yakarongerwa pamusoro peMauna Kea muHawaii kana Canary Islands muSpain, uye hofori inoenderera mberi yeMagellan. teresikopu. MuChile.
Materesikopu ese ari maviri kudyidzana kukuru kwepasirese uye chigadzirwa chezviroto chekuunganidza mari nekutsvaga vashandi mumakore gumi apfuura. Huwandu hweteresikopu mbiri idzi hukapetwa katatu pane hweteresikopu ipi neipi iri paPasi, uye kukwanisa kuziva nyeredzi dzisina simba uye dziri kure dziri muchadenga kunopeta ka100 ukuru hwayo. Nokushanda pamwe chete, vanogona kugadzirisa mibvunzo yakadzama pamusoro pechadenga. Asi hapana chirongwa chakaunganidza mari inokwana — inodarika mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora inodiwa — kuti izadzise zvinangwa zvayo.
Kana materesikopu aya asingakwanisi kuvakwa, Europe ichapa hutungamiriri hwayo mukuongorora nyeredzi kuEurope, iyo iri kuvaka teresikopu yemamita makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe muChile Atacama Desert-iyo European Very Large Telescope-iyo inotarisirwa kutanga kushanda muna 2027. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakafananidza kudzimwa kwepurojekiti ya1993 yeAmerican Superconducting Supercollider, iyo yakapa remangwana refizikisi kuCERN neLarge Hadron Collider muGeneva.
Kana National Science Foundation ikaisa mari mukupedzwa kwemateresikopu maviri aya, inowana nguva yakawanda yekutarisa, iyo ichapihwa vazivi venyeredzi vekuAmerica.
Dr. Harrison vakati: “Materesikopu maviri aya ari mumativi akatarisana nehemispheres uye ane magadzirirwo akasiyana zvachose. Dzakanyatsokodzera zvidzidzo zvepasi rose.” "Hazvifunge kufungidzira kuti United States haizokwanise kuiwana."
Matambudziko makuru akatimirira. Chikwata chihombe cheMagellan chatyora pasi muChile, asi kufambira mberi kweteresikopu yemamita makumi matatu kwakadziviswa nekuratidzira uye kuvharirwa nemaNative Hawaiians nemamwe mapoka. Imwe saiti yakasarudzwa muLa Palma, Canary Islands.
Tichifunga nezvekusimbiswa kwazvino pazvivakwa uye bhajeti yesainzi iri kuramba ichiwedzera, vanoongorora nyeredzi vanokarira kuti nyeredzi dzichaenderana nechiono chadzo chakashinga. Asi vanga vachinetswa nenhoroondo yekukwira kwemitengo. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeJames Webb Space Telescope. Mushure memakore ekunonoka, teresikopu ichapedzisira yatangwa muna Zvita nemutengo wekupedzisira weUS$10 bhiriyoni.
"Zvese izvi zvakafukidzwa muJWST-hurongwa hwese huchabva mukubudirira kwahwo," akadaro Michael Turner, nyanzvi yezve cosmologist uye makore gumi ekuongorora murwi iye zvino anoshanda kuKavli Foundation muLos Angeles. "Fingers crossed."
Usambofa wakapotsa eclipses, meteor shower, roketi kutanga kana chero zviitiko zvemuchadenga uye zvemuchadenga kupfuura nyika ino.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-15-2021
