Igebe lokunwetshwa kwe-valve yomhlaba yezidingo zokukhiqiza imishini liyakhuphuka enqubweni yokwenziwa kwama-valve endaweni yethu kuya phambili

Igebe lokunwetshwa kwe-valve yomhlaba yezidingo zokukhiqiza imishini liyakhuphuka enqubweni yokwenziwa kwama-valve endaweni yethu kuya phambili

 
Ngokuthuthuka komphakathi kanye nenqubekela phambili ye-Times, imibono egxile kumuntu sekuyisikhathi eside ingena kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo emphakathini. Lolu shintsho lungazwakala ezindlini, ezimotweni, kumakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, ezingutsheni nasezikhungweni ezahlukene zomphakathi. I-valve yebhola entantayo engu-100X elawulwa kude kusukela ekuphepheni, ntofontofo, ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukonga amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, into entsha, enhle futhi ephanayo kuyo yonke imininingwane yalokhu okungenhla cabangela ngokucophelela ulwazi lwamakhasimende, okubonisa ukunakekelwa kwabantu.
Ngokusobala, ukuklama okusondelene akukhawulelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla zabathengi, i-valve njengenani elibanzi, elisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izimboni, ukulima, nomsebenzi wansuku zonke womuntu wonke kanye nempilo yemikhiqizo yemishini yemishini, futhi ayikwazi ngenxa yomklamo wendabuko. umqondo kanye nethiyori yokuklama, futhi kufanele andise umbono omusha, diaphragm isilawuli kude esintantayo ibhola umjovo valve fresh core umqondo.
Amavalvu embulunga asetshenziswa ngokwesiko aneziphambeko eziningi, njengokuthi: amanzi aphuma emanzini, ukugqwala, ukucinana okuncane, njll. I-valve yokukhanya ejwayelekile eyethulwe phesheya kwezilwandle ubuchwepheshe bepulasitiki obusezingeni eliphezulu iyoba yi-valve yokumisa yendabuko emisha ezimele, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-valve yesango lomlilo. I-valve yesango lomlilo esikhundleni semikhiqizo yamavalvu embulunga yendabuko, ukusetshenziswa kwephakheji eliphelele elibunjwe libe isinxephezelo sokuguquguquka ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvala, bese kuxazululwa ukushoda kobuningi bevalve yeglobhu yendabuko.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izimboni ezihlukahlukene zasekhaya ziye zahambisana nejubane lamazwe ngamazwe, kunzima ukunciphisa igebe phakathi kwengxenye yemboni kanye nezimboni zangaphandle, imboni ye-valve nayo iyafana, eminyakeni yamuva, ama-valve aseShayina e-China. ngokuncintisana kwamanani amakhulu komunye nomunye, futhi akukho ntuthuko, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwegebe phakathi kwamavalvu aseShayina namavalvu angaphandle.
Igebe phakathi kwamazwe emhlabeni ukuze andise izidingo zokukhiqiza imishini liyakhuphuka
Imboni yeziqandisi, ikakhulukazi izesekeli ezincane, ukugxekwa kwesikhathi eside kubhekisela endimeni yokumisa nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Igebe phakathi kwemboni yama-valve yamaShayina kanye nomkhakha wama-valve angaphandle liyabonakala njengamanje, kunezikhala ezine ezibanzi: okokuqala, igebe kukhono lokusungula izinto ezizimele; Okwesibili, igebe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza; Okwesithathu, igebe ekulawuleni izinga kanye nemishini; Okwesine, igebe ekusebenzeni kahle kwenqubo. Futhi ake sibone amaphutha abo, ukuze sithole igebe kanye nesimo senkinga, bese sithuthukisa futhi sithuthukise.
Amathemba emakethe yokuthengisa ezisekeli zokuqandisa ama-valve kagesi ayathembisa
Abasebenzi abahlobene nemboni baveze ukuthi isigaba se-valve kusixhumanisi sokukhiqiza sezimboni, esisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha uketshezi oluningi olushayelayo kanye nokugeleza okuphelele, njengamanzi, uwoyela, uketshezi lwamakhemikhali, ngokuya ngepharamitha yamanani okushisa, ingcindezi nokugeleza kwedatha. Ama-valve avamile alawula ingcindezi ezitshalweni ezicutshungulwayo ahlanganisa ama-valve okunciphisa ingcindezi, ama-valve okushisa angaguquguquki we-pneumatic, isofthiwe yesistimu yokushisa engashintshi, i-proportional pressure elawula isofthiwe yesistimu yokushisa kwama-valve, ama-valve alawula izinga lokushisa kwemvelo nezinye izinhlobo ezahlukene. Lapho kusetshenziswa ama-valve ahlukahlukene okuzenzakalelayo, kufanele kuqashelwe uhlobo lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ukunemba okujwayelekile, ikhwalithi ye-valve yokucindezela, ukwehla kwengcindezi, ukugeleza okuphelele kanye nesakhiwo, izinga lokuhluleka kwemishini, isikweletu somuntu siqu sabakhiqizi kanye nenkonzo yangemuva kokuthengisa nezinye izici. , ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ongabizi kakhulu.
Isidingo semakethe yama-valve emishini yokukhiqiza imishini siyakhuphuka
Umkhiqizo ngokwawo, ngoba i-valve yokulawula kagesi inokufakwa okulula kakhulu, izinga eliphansi lokuhluleka, futhi ngokuhambisana nezinzuzo zezidingo zobuchwepheshe bembonini, kufanelekile ukukhetha amabhizinisi. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-valve evamile yendabuko yomoya, akunakugwenywa ukuba namapayipi, ama-relay kanye nama-compressor komoya, kanye ne-valve elawulayo kagesi eya ku-motor drive, umhlangano olula futhi olula, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-valve alawulayo kagesi ngomugqa wokuqala wokusabalalisa ozenzakalelayo wesitshalo kube, kungasindisa ezinye izindleko. Ukwengeza, indlela yokushayela imoto izinzile ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni, awekho amandla athinta ngokushesha amaphutha amakhulu kakhulu, izinga lokuhluleka kwemishini lingancishiswa kakhulu.
Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yasekhaya nobuchwepheshe, i-valve yesango likagesi nayo iyathuthuka ibe yinani eliphakeme elingeziwe, imingcele eyinhloko ephezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuqinile nempilo yesevisi ephezulu.
Isidingo semakethe yama-valve kagesi siyenyuka
Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kokuhlanganiswa kwe-electromechanical, ama-valve kagesi, umkhiqizo obalulekile womshini owenziwe embonini. Isidingo esikhulu semakethe samavalvu kagesi sibeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme.
Ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nezinga lokonga amandla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-valve yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile, i-valve yesandla evamile embonini yendabuko, i-valve ye-pneumatic, ekusetshenzisweni kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle kukababa akufani ne-valve yokulawula kagesi. Abezindaba bathi i-valve yokulawula kagesi ibe yimikhiqizo yemakethe yama-valve.
Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yasekhaya nobuchwepheshe, i-valve yesango likagesi nayo iyathuthuka ibe yinani eliphakeme elingeziwe, imingcele eyinhloko ephezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuqinile nempilo yesevisi ephezulu.
Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-valve yasekhaya, imboni ye-valve ithuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, ngezinto eziningi ezifana nempahla eluhlaza kanye nezindleko zomuntu, ukungeniswa komkhiqizo kanye nesabelo semakethe kuye kwathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo, futhi indawo yokukhiqiza eyinhloko kanye nemakethe yomkhiqizo omkhulu kuye kwathuthuka. kwakheka kancane kancane. Kodwa ezweni lethu kunezinkampani eziningi zezitshalo ze-valve, izikali ezincane, ukuntuleka kwekhono lokuncintisana, kanye nokugxila emakethe ephansi yenkampani, akukwazi ukubangela ukubonakala emakethe yama-valve yomhlaba wonke, kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo nokuhlelekile kwemboni ye-valve endaweni ethile. ububanzi.
Ezweni lakithi inqubo kwasendaweni we valve bumpy phambili
Ngokuvamile, indlela yokwenza ama-valve yasendaweni ibonakala inzima kakhulu. Esikhathini samanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi emakethe yaseShayina ezingeni lenqubomgomo yokusekela kazwelonke, noma ezingeni lamanje lobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-valve akuzuzisi. Njengoba izingxenye eziyisisekelo seziphenduke indawo ebuthaka yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza yaseShayina, i-China izoqhubeka nokwandisa ububanzi bokukhiqiza ngaphakathi kwezikhali nezingxenye zemishini ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Eyi-12.
Ngokwezibalo, izinkinga ezibalulekile zokufuywa kwama-valve ezweni lethu njengamanje zinezici ezilandelayo:
Ngokwezibalo zemboni yephampu yamanzi, ukusatshalaliswa kocwaningo lomkhiqizo kanye nezimali zokuthuthukisa embonini yepompo yamanzi kubala ngaphansi kuka-2% wemali engenayo yebhizinisi elikhulu labaphathi bamabhizinisi. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhizinisi angaphandle, ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali zentuthuko kuyo yonke imboni kuncane kakhulu. Izibalo ezifanele zikhombisa ukuthi imali esetshenziswa minyaka yonke yocwaningo kanye nentuthuko yemboni yephampu yamanzi yaseShayina incane kuneyebhizinisi laphesheya kwezilwandle. Izimali zocwaningo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okwanele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, sekuyinto ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa okuzimele kwezinkampani zamavalvu.
Embonini yethu yokukhiqiza imishini nemishini, ukugayeka kobuchwepheshe bokusungula kuhamba kancane, amabhizinisi amaningi awaqinile ekhonweni lokusungula izinto ezintsha, ama-57% emishini ebalulekile nemithombo yobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo wemishini ngosizo lwesingeniso. Njengamanje, iningi lemikhiqizo embonini yokukhiqiza iphampu yasekhaya kanye nemboni yokukhiqiza isiqede ukukhiqizwa nokucubungula okuzimele, kepha izinkampani zasekhaya zingaphezu kwesibopho sokukhiqiza kanye nesigaba sokucubungula imikhiqizo, ukujula okusebenzayo kanye nobubanzi okufanele kuthuthukiswe. . Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yephampu yezinga le-nuclear emshinini wemishini yamandla enyukliya kanye nemikhiqizo yephakheji yephampu yamanzi okuphakelayo kubhayela ekukhishweni okungaphezulu kwama-kilowatt angu-10,000 kanye nemishini ekhiqiza amandla ashisayo esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu kanye nezinto zokusebenza zenziwe zasendaweni kancane kancane. Iningi lobuchwepheshe babo obubalulekile lusadinga ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Amakhasimende awathambekele kangako ekuthengeni eChina. Nakuba imikhiqizo yamaShayina ezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifanayo njengakwamanye amazwe, kodwa amanye amakhasimende asazimisele ukuthenga imishini yezobuchwepheshe yasekhaya neyangaphandle, okwenza isethi yokuqala yemikhiqizo emikhulu yasekhaya yemishini yezobuchwepheshe impompa ebunzimeni bemakethe. Nakuba imikhiqizo eminingi yepompo yasekhaya inezinga elithile lobuchwepheshe, kodwa amanye amayunithi ohlelo lokusebenza asanqikaza ukufaka isicelo ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusebenza kokusebenza.
Ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bemboni ucwaningo lwesayensi alukho. Ngenxa yezinguquko, ezinye izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo embonini seziphenduke izinkampani ezinemisebenzi yazo, futhi izici zesakhiwo nokugxila emsebenzini kube nezinguquko ezinkulu. Indima yayo yokuthuthukisa ezobuchwepheshe embonini iba buthaka usuku nosuku, isicelo sobuchwepheshe obusha, ucwaningo lwenqubo entsha kanye nezinga lokuthuthukiswa lihamba kancane, uhlelo lokuklama, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, izinto zokwakha kanye nokukhiqiza kanye nokunye okucacisiwe kunzima ukuxhumana namazwe angaphandle.
Ikhekhe lokuzalwa lemakethe yokuthengisa ama-valve likhulu, kodwa ukuncintisana kwemboni nakho kushube kakhulu. Ngokusheshisa ukuvuselelwa kokukhiqizwa kwemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kunqubomgomo yamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza eyisisekelo kuzophinde kugcizelelwe, inqubo yokwenziwa kwasendaweni kwama-valve izosheshiswa kancane kancane. Kodwa izinga lemboni yokukhiqiza i-valve yaseShayina kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwezinga elihamba phambili lamazwe ngamazwe kusenegebe elithile, imingcele eminingi ephezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu nokushisa okuphezulu, ikilasi eliphezulu lephawundi le-valve yokuqala ebalulekile bekulokhu kuncike ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kangcono imboni yama-valve yaseShayina, kuyadingeka ukwandisa nokwandisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezimboni, hhayi nje ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zeketanga lemboni yama-valve yendabuko, kodwa futhi nokukhuthaza ngamandla ulwazi lobungcweti, izimboni ezidinga ubuchwepheshe kanye nezimboni ezintsha, ukukhuthaza i-valve elawula ingcindezi, i-valve yepulaki, ukulawula ukuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwama-valve embonini.