Ngokomlando, lezi zikhala zifana nezindawo zokungcebeleka zabantu.Ukuphindaphinda kwesimanje kuvumela ukubaleka komuntu siqu edolobheni elingenalo ubumfihlo - phakathi kwabantu ongabazi.
Igumbi elizimele ngaphakathi kwegatsha le-Shanghai Silver Jubilee Mini Teahouse Chain, lapho izivakashi zingajabulela khona amaqabunga axegayo kanye netiye eliyimpushana kanye nokudla okulula endaweni nje evamile.Credit…Josh Robenstone
Abesifazane badlala amakhadi, babhekane ngendlela enengqondo, bengenabala. Intuthu kagwayi. Sasisendaweni yaseHuangpu emaphakathi neShanghai, idolobha elinabantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-25jkodwa abesifazane abayisithupha yibo kuphela amakhasimende engiwabone eDehe Teahouse, eHanzo esitezi sesibili indawo yokuzivocavoca.
Kungo-Okthoba 2019, futhi ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kwecala elibikiwe lokuqala emhlabeni le-coronavirus.Izindawo zokubuthana zomphakathi zahlala zivulekile futhi ziphithizela; Ngangingenasici esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba, ngilwa nabantu engingabazi. Khona-ke, indlu yetiye yaba ukuphumula esixukwini: Ngangena ngesango letshe eligadwe amabhubesi ahlabayo, ngase ngiwela ibhuloho elifushane phezu kobuthongo bekoi echibini ngaya endaweni efana ne-mausoleum. indawo eshanelayo ngenhla Kunamathayela acwebezelayo amnyama nezibani ezibomvu eziconsa umphetho. Umqondisi wami, u-Ashley Loh we-UnTour Food Tours, wayekade eshayele ucingo ukuze enze i-aphoyintimenti, futhi sacasha eduze nomjikelezo, amakhethini eboshelwe ekhoneni elicijile. kwakusobala ukuthi sasizeleni lapha, kodwa ngemva koku-oda, sanyonyoba, sadlula izintokazi ezazisakaza amakhadi azo, saya e-buffet - amapuleti ebhodwe elishisayo agcwele uphuthu, isobho lommbila omnandi, i-taro ephekiwe kanye ne-borscht Isobho, elisekelwe ku-borscht elethwe. edolobheni ngabafuduki baseRussia ngemuva kweNguquko ka-Okthoba ka-1917.
Ingilazi ende yabekwa phambi kwami, i-aquarium ehlala i-anemone: i-chrysanthemum ethelwa endaweni ephakeme ngamanzi ashisayo, ikhiqiza inhlaka ephaphathekile enenhlaka enuka kangcono kunayo. , cishe okuhlangenwe nakho kwengozi - ukuphumula okungazelelwe kwedolobha eliqhubekayo; ukucinga indawo esobala yokucasha ezweni elingqubuzana nombono wokuba yimfihlo; ukuphikisana nokuba wedwa, ngenkathi sindawonye nabanye, sonke sizinikele ekulandeleni lesi sikhathi esidlula ngokushesha. Bengicabanga ukuthi ngizele itiye endlini yetiye, kodwa kwavela ukuthi bengifuna enye into ngokuphelele. Bengingazi okwamanje. ukuthi izindawo ezinjengalezi zizovalwa emhlabeni wonke ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi umhlaba wami uzoncipha uze ufike emingceleni yekhaya lami. Angazi namanje ukuthi ngizokukhumbula kangakanani lokhu.
Itiye lidala futhi ngokungangabazeki libalulekile ekuzicabangeni kweShayina.Izinsalela zesifunda saseYunnan eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe zibonisa ukuba khona kwedlozi eliqondile lesihlahla setiye okungenzeka ukuthi likhona eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-35 edlule.Amarekhodi okutshalwa kwetiye ahlehlela emuva eNkathini YaseWestern Zhou Dynasty, 11 - 8 eminyaka BC; izinsalela zetiye zatholakala ethuneni lombusi owashona ngo-141 BC; ukukhulunywa kokuqala kokuphuza itiye esidlangalaleni kubonakala ngo-7 AD kuya kuBukhosi BamaTang ngekhulu leshumi, kodwa isiko le-teahouse kwaba intuthuko yakamuva, njengoba isazi-mlando u-Wang Di ebhala kwethi Teahouses: Amabhizinisi Amancane, Amasiko Ansuku Zonke, Nezombangazwe Zomphakathi.Chengdu, 1900 -1950q (2008). Isuka emaphathini etiye ezemfundo kanye ne-civil street ptiger stovesq, eyayidayisa amanzi ashisayo okwenza itiye ekhaya, yase iqala ukumisa izihlalo ukuze amakhasimende ahlale isikhathi eside.
ENtshonalanga, izindlu zetiye zivame ukucatshangwa njenge-oasis engenasizotha yokuzola nokuzola, ene-ballet eyenziwe ngesitayela enezela i-mystique ekwenzeni itiye nasekuphuzeni, ekhuthaza ukuzindla kwangaphakathi kanye nokuzicabangela wena. (Le nganekwane ishaya indiva umehluko phakathi kweShayina neJapane, futhi njengomehluko phakathi kwegumbi letiye laseJapane, indawo eklanywe ngokukhethekile ngokuvumelana nobuhle obuqinile bomkhosi wetiye, hhayi nje ukuzijabulisa njengoba kuwubuciko, futhi Izindlu zetiye yilapho ama-geisha ejabulisa khona amakhasimende awo.) Kodwa eShayina, ama ukukhuphuka kwesiko lendlu yetiye mhlawumbe okufakwe ngokugcwele ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 e-Chengdu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSichuan Provincejis eqhutshwa isifiso sokuxhumana kwabantu.Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwendawo okuhlobene, inhlabathi evundile, isimo sezulu esipholile, kanye nesimiso sokunisela esikhulu sase-Chengdu Plain kwakusho ukuthi abalimi. kwakungadingeki ukuba babuthane emizaneni; esikhundleni salokho, babehlala eduze namasimu abo ezindaweni ezihlakazekile, eziqhelelene kancane, ezidinga izindawo zokuhlangana njengezindawo zetiye njengezindawo zokuxhumana nezohwebo ezihambisana neGreek Agora, i-Italian Square kanye ne-Arabian Souks.
Kubantu baseChengdu, izindlu zetiye ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwansuku zonke.Ngo-1909, kwakunezindawo zetiye ezingu-454 emigwaqweni yedolobha engu-516. Njengoba zibulala isikhathi, amakhasimende aletha izinyoni zawo ezifuywayo futhi alengise amakheji ezindlebeni. , amathuluzi okuhlinzwa okuncane anyakaziswayo.Amathayela e-Mahjong ayaqhephuka; ababalisi, ngezinye izikhathi abayinhlamba, baheha izixuku zabacebile nabampofu; isikhashana “osopolitiki bezindlu zetiye” baze bamemeza bathi “Ningaxoxi ngezindaba zombuso” ngaphansi kwesixwayiso, abanikazi bezitolo Bethumela izinkulumo ezinjalo, besaba iziphathimandla eziqaphile njalo. yonke indlu yetiye yayigcwele phama,q uWang ucaphune umhleli nothisha uShu Xincheng eChengdu ngeminyaka yawo-1920s.”Imvamisa ingekho indawo yokuhlala.
Njengesikhala esixhumanisa umphakathi kanye nendawo yangasese, i-teahouse ivumela abantu abangabazi ukuthi bahlanganyele futhi bashintshisane ngemibono ngendlela ekhululekile uma kuqhathaniswa - umnyakazo omkhulu emphakathini ofaka umndeni njengenhlangano eyinhloko yomphakathi nalapho izizukulwane eziningi zabelana ngesipiliyoni sasekhaya. Kule nkululeko, ama-teahouse anobudlelwano begazi nezindawo zekhofi ngekhulu le-17 nele-18 laseYurophu, isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane kanye nesazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu u-Jȹrgen Habermas esincoma ngokwephula imithetho eyayiphethwe yibandla ngaphambilini. Abanye "bachaza i-monopoly", ngaleyo ndlela basize ukuzala ukuKhanya kanye nombuso.
I-China ingase ingalokothi ihlobane 'nokubili komphakathi wezwe' okubonakala eNtshonalanga, njengoba isazi-mlando u-Huang Zhongzheng ebhala 'ku-'Public Domain'/'Civil Society' yase-China?' (1993).Kodwa isazi-mlando u-Qin Shao ukholelwa ukuthi izindlu zetiye zakuqala, njengamadolobha amancane namadolobhana, zazisenamandla okuketula umbuso.Ngemva kokuwa koBukhosi Bama-Qing ngo-1912, isixuku esikhulayo samasiko aseNtshonalanga sabona izindlu zetiye njengendawo yokuzalela eyingozi. kwabangasekho bakudala kanye “nenkohlakalo yokuziphatha kanye nezinxushunxushu zomphakathi,” u-Shao wabhala endabeni ka-1998 j ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi izindlu zetiye zivumela buthule ukugembula, ubufebe nokucula izingoma ezinenhlamba,q kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuzilibazisa ngokwakho kuvele kubonakale njengosongo emkhiqizweni, ukwedelela isimanje kanye nesakhiwo esisha esisemthethweni sosuku lokusebenza.UWang wacaphuna isiqubulo sasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20: “Ungangeni endlini yetiye, ungabuki amadrama endawo; vele ulime amasimu ulime ilayisi.”
Njengoba amandla ombuso ehlanganiswe ngaphansi komholi weQembu lamaKhomanisi uMao Zedong, impilo yomphakathi ayizange incishiswe nje kuphela, kodwa yakhethwa ngokusebenzisa imibuthano emikhulu kanye nenkulumo-ze etholakala yonke indawo.Ngesikhathi seNguquko Yamasiko ngeminyaka yawo-1960s kanye nawo-1970, izindlu zetiye eziningi zavalwa lapho izwi elizwakalayo lingalahlwa. Kwaze kwaze kwaba yisikhathi se-post-Mao eyaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 lapho isiko lavuselelwa khona njengoba uhulumeni exegisa ezinkampanini ezizimele futhi waphendukela emqondweni “womnotho wezimakethe zezenhlalo” owathuthukiswa owayengumholi wangaleso sikhathi uDeng Xiaoping. .Njengoba amazinga okuphila ayethuthuka, kanjalo nostalgiajonce yabhekwa njengeyingozi futhi ehloselwe ukucekela phansi amasiko amadala, amasiko, imikhuba, kanye nemibono kaMaoos shabby movementjas ingxenye yokuqinisekiswa kabusha kobunikazi bamasiko phakathi nezinxushunxushu zezomnotho zaseChinaos. indlela.Isazi sesayensi yesintu uZhang Jinghong sabhala kwethi Pu-erh Tea: Ancient Caravans and Urban Fashion (2014), ukuguqulwa okusheshayo kube amandla omhlaba.Ukuphuza itiye ekhaya nasemphakathini kucishe kube isenzo sobuzwe, isiqinisekiso sokuthi singamaShayina.
E-Shanghai - i-megacity yase-China ethuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe - ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, u-Dehe wazizwa ecindezelwe, okude kakhulu kunabanduleli bayo base-Chengdu. .Kodwa phakathi kwezinkulungwane zezindawo zetiye zedolobha, i-mineard entsha ihlongoza ukusuka ekuhlanganyeleni kwabantu abaningi baye ekucashelweni nasekucwengisisweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezilungiselelweni ezinikezwe ifenisha yakudala, njenge-Dehe, noma i-avant-garde eqaphela Isitayela sobuhle, njenge-Tingtai Teahouse, isifunda sobuciko se-M50 endaweni yasePutuo eyake yaba yizimboni, izingqimba zaso zamagumbi angasese zifakwe emabhokisini aphakeme ensimbi engagqwali. Kwezinye izindawo, abanambitha itiye balungiselela izinhlobo ezinenani eliphezulu ze-Icelandic Pu'er, i-Tieguanyin Oolong, ne-Dianhong (itiye elimnyama elivela Isifunda sase-Yunnan eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina) etafuleni.Ukubhuka kuvame ukudingekile futhi kubekwe imingcele yesikhathi ukuze amakhasimende angahlali isikhathi eside kakhulu.Kuwukubaleka, kodwa hhayi kusukela ngesikhathi.
Ocwaningweni lwango-1980 mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zomphakathi eDolobheni laseNew York, ethi, “The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces,” intatheli yaseMelika kanye nomhleli wamadolobha uWilliam H. White waphawula ukuthi nakuba abantu “bethi aziqhelelanise nakho konke,” ubufakazi busikisela. ukuthi empeleni Bakhanga izindawo ezimatasa: “Kubonakala sengathi abanye abantu abakhanga kakhulu.” Nokho, kwamanye ama-teahouse engawavakashela no-Loh (futhi kamuva nomlobi wokudla uCrystall Mo), ukuhlangana kwabantu abangabazi kwakugcinwe okungenani. njengokuba sekilabhu yangasese; ngesinye isikhathi, igatsha le-Silver Creek Small Chain ku-Yuqing Road endaweni yangaphambili ye-French Concession, azikho izimpawu ezivela ngaphandle, umugqa nje wonodoli abayizindela, abangakhulumi. odongeni.Lapho lingena, uLoh wacindezela inhloko kanodoli wesibili kwesokudla, kwathi lapho umnyango uvuleka, sagibela izitebhisi, sadlula inkungu. ngamatshe okunyathela kuphela.
Izitolo zekhofi seziyizimbangi zazo okuhlanganisa nesitolo sangaphambili se-Starbucks Reserve Roastery esingu-30,000-square-foot esifundeni saseShanghaios Jingoan, esavulwa ngo-2017jand izindlu zetiye kuye kwadingeka zivumelane nezimo.Abanye basebenzisa ingaphakathi labo ukuze bakhange isizukulwane esisha; abanye basebenzisa itiye njengendawo okugxilwe kuyo, imikhosi esemthethweni edinga odokotela abanekhono, noma njengento yokunethezeka enenani elikhuphuka lifike ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zamayuan ebhodweni ngalinye, elilingana namakhulu amadola amadola. ichaza “njengenye yezindawo zomphakathi ezingabizi kakhulu,” futhi kunzima kubantu bangaphandle ukusho ukuthi ungakanani umoya wetiye omdala we-freewheeling abawugcinile, lapho “abantu abavamile” bengahleba futhi baveze Umbono, “Ukukhipha Imizwa Ebhubhisayo Ukuze Uphendule. ekushintsheni komphakathi” ngaphandle kokwesaba imiphumela noma ukungenelela kukahulumeni. Kunalokho, babonakala benohlobo oluhlukile lokulangazelela, becabanga ngesikhathi lapho umhlaba wawungafuni noma uvaleleke ngaphandle kalula.Mhlawumbe ukuzibophezela akukhona ukuthembisana, kodwa okuphambene: hlehla.
Namuhla, i-Twitter kanye ne-Facebook zingama-teahouses amakhulu ngokungangabazeki, okungenani kulabo abanokufinyelela okungenamkhawulo kuzo. Nokho, zombili zivinjelwe i-Great Firewall ngaphakathi kwe-China, futhi inkundla yabo yezokuxhumana eseduze kakhulu i-Weibo nohlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo i-WeChat luqashwe ngokucophelela yi- isimo.Noma kunjalo, ulwazi lusatholakala kulabo abalufunayo.Ngesikhathi sami esifushane e-Shanghai, abanye abantu bendawo bangitshele ngemibhikisho yentando yeningi yaseHong Kong eyaqala ekuqaleni kwalowo nyaka (okuchazwa abezindaba bezwekazi lezwe njengomsebenzi wezigebengu ezigqilaziwe. ngamanxusa angaphandle), kanye nendlela ama-Uighurs Usizi lwama-Uighurs, idlanzana elikhuluma isiTurkic futhi iningi lamaSulumane elingamaSulumane entshonalanga yeChina, labangaphezu kwesigidi ababoshelwe ezinkanjini zokufundisa kabusha uhulumeni athi ziyadingeka ukuze kuliwe nokweqisa kwamaSulumane.Sikhuluma ngokukhululekile emphakathini futhi akekho obonakala elalela.Kodwa futhi, ngingubani mina?Isivakashi nje, umuntu ongabalulekile, odlulayo.
Eminyakeni emibili kuqhubeke, i-China isiyinqobe kakhulu i-Covid-19 (kusuka kwehlukile kwe-Delta ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya eshabalala ekupheleni kuka-Agasti) ngemithetho eqinile yemaski kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha, kuyilapho eNtshonalanga inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye ivame ukuhlonishwa phezu kwesibopho esihlangene, gcina ukulwa.Uma kukhona, uhulumeni waseShayina unamandla kakhulu kunakuqala, futhi umnotho wezwe ugcwele ngokweqile futhi ungase udlule i-United States phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, ngokusho kweLondon Centre for Economics and Business Research.Kulokhu, umqondo wenkululeko. ukuthi akekho olalelayo kuba nezwi elimnyama: Ingabe kungenxa yokuthi akunandaba ukuthi abantu bathini?Ngoba akukho okuzoshintsha?
Indlu yetiye enhle kunazo zonke engiyivakashele e-Shanghai bekungeyona indawo yetiye yangempela nhlobo.Itholakala endaweni yangaphambili ye-French Concession, leli kheli lisohlangothini lomgwaqo, izikhombisi-ndlela zitholakala kuphela lapho ubhukha. Nakuba u-Loh wayekade elapho ngaphambili, akakwazanga ukuyithola. ekuqaleni; sangena ngomnyango owodwa, salandela omunye, sagcina sisegunjini elisendaweni yokuhlala yangasese.Le yi-Wanling Tea House, lapho uCai Wanling, umpetha wetiye wase-Anxi edolobheni eliseningizimu-mpumalanga yeFujian (isifunda sidume ngetiye le-oolong), wengamele lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi uMkhosi Wetiye WaseShayina.
Ngamathuluzi awo athambile kanye nokushukuma komzimba okunemininingwane, umcimbi wetiye wamaShayina, umcimbi wetiye, uvame ukuthathwa njengomkhuba wakudala, kodwa njengoba isazi-mlando u-Lawrence Zhang silobile, owakamuva kakhulu, onemvelaphi yendawo. Isiko letiye le-Kung Fu, kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1970, lalingaziwa kakhulu e-China ngaphandle kwase-Chaozhou eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-China. Nakuba ukuphuza itiye laseShayina kunomkhuba omude wokwazisa ezifundweni, alihlanganiswa, futhi uZhang ukholelwa ukuthi ukuzalwa komuntu kwasekuqaleni kwe-Kung Fu. itiye alihlobene nakancane nencazelo ethile yefilosofi.Lafika kamuva, likhuthazwe ngokwengxenye umcimbi wetiye waseJapane, inguqulo eqinile kancane yomkhosi wetiye waseJapane ogxile etiyeni elineqabunga elishisayo kunetiye eliyimpuphu ne-whisked.
Lapho uCai eqala, umbuzo wokuthi ingabe ubuciko betiye bebubudala noma busha baba yinto engathi shu.Akwenza kwaba ukulalelisisa, ukunciphisa umbono wami kulezi zinto ezimbalwa ezikleliswe etafuleni: i-gaiwan gaiwan, isivalo esifanekisela izulu, isoso elimele umhlaba, futhi umzimba uyisethi yetiye okuxoxiswana ngayo phakathi kwabo; “inkomishi yokulunga”, inkomishi yobulungisa , ibekwe endaweni eyi-degree engama-45 ku-gaiwan, okuthelwa kuyo itiye, bese kuba inkomishi yesivakashi ngasinye, ngakho bonke bayothola - njengesenzo esilungile - amandla afanayo etiye; iThawula elincane eligoqiwe, kuchitheka.
Uyayazi idethi yokuvuna yetiye lakhe ngalinye. Lapha, itiye le-oolong ngo-Okthoba 4, 2019; khona, itiye elimhlophe ngo-March 29, 2016. Wahlala waqonda njenge-ballerina.Ngaphambi kokwenza itiye, wafaka amaqabunga etiye e-gaiwan, wavala isivalo futhi wasinyakazisa kancane, wabe esephakamisa isivalo ngesineke futhi wahogela iphunga. Ingxenye ngayinye - i-gaiwan, inkomishi ye-Gongdao, inkomishi yokhuni eshiswe kuhhovini oneminyaka engu-400 ubudala - ishiswa ngethonsi lamanzi ashisayo bese ithululelwa endishini eseceleni. i-ceramic teapot ngoba i-material ayithinti ukunambitheka, futhi ibilisa amanzi kanye noma kabili kuphela “ukugcina amanzi ephila,” usho kanje.
Itiye ngalinye linesikhathi esiqondile sokuphuza, elinembile kuya kwelesibili, kodwa alinayo iwashi elibhekisela kuyo. Ngesikhathi itiye liphekwa, ngahlala naye ngithule.Sinjalo isimangaliso: ukukhumbula indlela yokusho isikhathi ngokumane ube lapho, ubambe imizuzwana emzimbeni wakho, isekhondi ngalinye liqinile futhi lisinda ngendlela engavamile. Asisibalekela isikhathi, kodwa ngandlela-thile siyakwazi lokho. Wayenokuningi ayezongitshela khona – ukuthi ukugcotshwa kokuqala kwakuntekenteke kangakanani, okwesibili kwakushube kakhulu; ukuthi itiye liphole kanjani ngokushesha enkomishini yobumba; indlela ayethanda ukuphuza itiye elimnyama le-oolong ngosuku lwemvula - Ngancika futhi ngalalela, ngilahlekile ezweni langaphandle okwesikhashana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-17-2022
